• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.681-689
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alcoholic drinking on the dietary habits among university students. The data was collected from 355 students (male : 188, female : 167) living in Busan. The questionnaire composed of general information, person with the lunch meal time, skipping meal, meal type place overeating, snacking eating out, food intake pattern. For statistics analysis, SPSSWIN 12.0 was used. The results were summarized as follows. First, the rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 94.1% and 93.4% respectively and the rate of under 19 years old's drinking were 94.4%. Second, in the appearance of drinking, the difference in dietary habits wasn't shown to be significant. However in term of dinner, few female students sometimes haven't dinner (p<0.01). And female group showed frequently eating out (p<0.05) and overeating more than male group(p<0.001). Third, the alcohol drinking group and non-alcohol drinking group showed significantly similar consumption frequency of cereal, meat products, fruits vegetable, oil sugars. But the intakes of milk and dairy products in male students were significantly higher than in female students (p<0.001). These results indicated that more attention should be taken to university students, having habits of skipping meal, alcohol drinking and low intake for nutrition knowledge or attitude so as to improve their health.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

These days, spontaneous ignition phenomena by oxidizing heat frequently occur in the circumstances of processing and storing waste tires. Therefore, to examine the phenomena, in this work, this researcher conducted the tests of fires of fragmented waste tires (shredded tire), closely investigated components of the fire residual materials collected in the processing and storing place, and analyzed the temperature of the starting of the ignition, weight loss, and heat of reaction. For the study, this researcher conducted fire tests with fragmented waste tires in the range of 2.5 mm to 15 mm, whose heat could be easily accumulated, and performed heat analysis through DSC and TGA, DTA, DTG, and GC/MS to give scientific probability to the possibility of spontaneous ignition. According to the tests, at the 48-hour storage, rapid increase in temperature ($178^{\circ}C$), Graphite phenomenon, smoking were observed. And the result from the DTA and DTG analysis showed that at $166.15^{\circ}C$, the minimum weight loss occurred. And, the result from the test on the waste tire analysis material 1 (Unburnt) through DSC and TGA analysis revealed that at $180^{\circ}C$ or so, thermal decomposition started. As a result, the starting temperature of ignition was considered to be $160^{\circ}C$ to $180^{\circ}C$. And, at $305^{\circ}C$, 10 % of the initial weight of the material reduced, and at $416.12^{\circ}C$, 50 % of the intial weight of the material decreased. The result from the test on oxidation and self-reaction through GC/MS and DSC analysis presented that oxidized components like 1,3 cyclopentnadiene were detected a lot. But according to the result from the heat analysis test on standard materials and fragmented waste tires, their heat value was lower than the basis value so that self-reaction was not found. Therefore, to prevent spontaneous ignition by oxidizing heat of waste tires, it is necessary to convert the conventional process into Cryogenic Process that has no or few heat accumulation at the time of fragmentation. And the current storing method in which broken and fragmented materials are stored into large burlap bags (500 kg) should be changed to the method in which they are stored into small burlap bags in order to prevent heat accumulation.

• 한국산학경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.101-123
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• 2004

This study examines empirically the significant changes in tax payments when the consolidated tax return is introduced in the future. We estimate the consolidated tax payments under the eight cases which are classified as such : whether only 100% ownership subsidiaries should be included or 80% and over, whether all subsidiaries should be included or only subsidiaries with loss, and whether unrealized profits from intercompany transactions should be excluded or not. After estimating the consolidated tax payments, we test the difference between the consolidated tax payments and the sum of the individual tax payments of the subsidiaries. The results of the test show that the consolidated tax payments are significantly less than the sum of the individual tax payments of the subsidiaries. We interpret that the inclusion of the losses of the subsidiaries in the consolidated tax base makes the tax payment decrease. Based on our analysis about 3.8 billion Won per each parent company would decrease due to the introduction of the consolidated tax return. And we find that under the mandatory consolidated tax return system the significant difference between the consolidated and individual tax payment exists except that the only 100% ownership subsidiaries are included and unrealized profits from intercompany transactions are not excluded. However, when the parent companies have the discretion to select the consolidated subsidiaries, the consolidated tax payments are significantly less than the sum of the individual tax payments of the subsidiaries regardless of the ownership percentage, inclusion of the loss of the subsidiaries and exclusion of the unrealized profits.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2009

The purpose of this survey research was to investigation the relationship among dental health state, care and knowledge of patients who participate in dental hygiene process of dental hygiene students voluntarily. And the following conclusion were obtained from questionnaires for 266 volunteers using SPSSWIN 12.0. 1. For the dental health state according to sex distinction, it showed that women (DMFT index: 13.0) was higher than men (DMFT index: 10.4) and statistically significant difference. For DT rate, men (32.0) was higher than women (30.0), for MT rate men (32.2) was higher than women (26.6) and it showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05). 2. For the dental health knowledge according to sex distinction, 77.8% patients replied as the food causing teeth decay are chocolate, biscuits, etc. and it didn't showed significant difference statistically. 72.4% men and 84.7% women replied as they could take precautions against a dental caries using fluorine and it showed statistically significant difference(P<0.05). 3. For brushing their teeth from top to down for the upper tooth and from down to top for the lower one, 80.3% patients replied as they did like that but 62.5% patients as they didn't. And 68.2% patients replied as the food causing teeth decay arc chocolate, biscuits, etc. and 81.0% patients didn't like that. It showed statistically significant difference. (P<0.05) 4. 50.5% patients went to the dental hospital once per 6 month and it showed statistically significant difference. And 71.3% patients replied as the food causing teeth decay are chocolate, biscuits, etc. and 81.0% patients didn't like that, It showed statistically significant difference. (P<0.05)

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the reproducibility and usefulness of the images through the fusion of CT(Computed tomography) and MRI(Magnetic resonance imaging) using a self-manufactured phantom. We will also compare and analyze the target dose from acquired images. Materials and Methods: Using a self-manufactured phantom, CT images and MRI images are acquired by 1.5T and 3.0T of different magnetic fields. The reproducibility of the size and volume of the small holes present in the phantom is compared through the image from CT and 1.5T and 3.0T MRI, and dose changes are compared and analyzed on any target. Results: 13 small hole diameters were a maximum 31 mm and a minimum 27.54 mm in the CT scan and the were measured within an average of 29.28 mm 1 % compared to actual size. 1.5 T MRI images showed a maximum 31.65 mm and a minimum 24.3 mm, the average is 28.8 mm, which is within 1 %. 3.0T MRI images showed a maximum 30.2 mm and a minimum 27.92 mm, the average is 29.41 mm, which is within 1.3 %. The dose changes in the target were 95.9-102.1 % in CT images, 93.1-101.4 % in CT-1.5T MRI fusion images, and 96-102 % in CT-3.0T MRI fusion images. Conclusion: CT and MRI are applied with different algorithms for image acquisition. Also, since the organs of the human body have different densities, image distortion may occur during image acquisition. Because these inaccurate images description affects the volume range and dose of the target, accurate volume and location of the target can prevent unnecessary doses from being exposed and errors in treatment planning. Therefore, it should be applied to the treatment plan by taking advantage of the image display algorithm possessed by CT and MRI.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.72-85
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• 2009

This study attempts to examine the principles of landscape composition for a 'Suhwon(書院)' and the meaning and value of its traditional landscape architecture, in order to apply the results to the design of modern landscape architecture. A 'Suhwon' is a vital space containing the form and meaning of human activity. This study analyzes the characteristics of landscape composition in the construction of the Namgea Suhwon, located in Hamyang, by examining the form and meaning of its area and composition. The Namgea Suhwon was constructed with a suitable configuration and harmony in a good location, neither field nor mountain, and which encompasses transcendence and a return after passage through a period of birth and abundance. Its appearance means 'life existence and hidden death(生居死幽)'. Its spatial system is a reflection of the idea of Samshinoje(三神五帝: The three abilities of Providence and its five subjects) connected with Ilsangje -Samshin -Ohje. It was built based on the idea of Biryebudong(非禮不動) meaning that one should follow only good decorum and avoid discourtesy, complying with "the frame of decorum" developed by the family rites of Chu Hsi. The environmental design of the Namgea Suhwon was interrupted by the material confrontation between mountains and water and a binary code system, such as front to rear, length to breadth, and movement to stillness. The design did not adhere to stiff axes, but pursued the harmonic principles of asymmetric balance in the building and the yard, which are very naturalistic. The name 'Namgea Suhwon' is closely related with the view of placement(置) and harmony(和), which are unified with the function and meaning formed by connecting Sung Confucianism with the Pungsu-Sasinsa structure in the layout of the grounds. When examining the D/H ratio of the building and yard, it can be seen that the spaces of Ganghak, Yusang and Jehyang were built appropriately, according to the natural characteristics of each space, such as a sense of openness, enclosure, tension, relief, enhancement, and hierarchical order. The spaces also reflect human scale concepts that take advantage of auditory features. The transition process after the construction of 'Namgea Suhwon' reveals the intentions of the builder to create an ecological landscape composition based on Placement and Harmony. Placement embodies' a purposeful space in which nature and the building are connected naturally, 'incomplete open space pursuing completion', and 'potential beauty in which tension and relaxation are repeated'. Harmony embodies 'order and continuity having a sense of unity with the natural environment' and the 'sharing of daily life and memory'. 'Namgea Suhwon' contains many ideas for landscape planning, land use and the design of a campus environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.32-41
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• 2009

Places such as famous urban sights and foreign settlements have recently been created in Korea, which reflects the increase in social and cultural exchanges and the number of place-making and landscape-planning projects. Understanding place identity is required in environmental design and planning. This paper examined the components of the identity of place through comparison of perceptions of "placeness" between residents and visitors of Seo-Rae Village, Seoul, Korea. More than 40% of French nationals in Korea reside in the village, which many Koreans visit as an urban sightseeing place. Twenty-five French inhabitants and forty-one Korean visitors were surveyed. Insideness of Seo-Rae Village was formed by limited activities and needs of the residents, primarily children's education and food purchases. Residents mentioned that the physical environment, especially buildings, lacked theauthenticity of French style. The symbolic meaning of the French village influenced the visitors' activities. The authenticity of French style, however, did not affect the perception of visitors and outsideness of the place. Visitors' activities and cognitive meanings of the place were formed mainly by the commercial environment established by Korean investments. Commercialization of the place and related activities played an important role in establishing insideness of the place. The village shows the phenomenon of the reversal of insideness and outsideness. The "placeness" of Seo-Rae village has been shaped by visitors' tastes rather than the true experience of insideness. Mass identity formed by mass media using French characteristics influenced this phenomenon. Insideness formed by inhabitants appeared to be a pseudo-place, which was created by the French tastes of visitors and lacked French authenticity. Seo-Rae Villagerepresents a superficial cloak.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.287-296
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• 2005

The street image in a business area is so much affected by Facade that the front side of a roadside building makes. Recently, for the indiscreet and intemperate advertising signboard of the front side of roadside buildings, a streetscape becomes more disordered than before, so now we need to do research about signboards of roadside buildings for a streetscape image. In this research, we focused on a streetscape with difference of occupation density of signboard in the business area via investigation and analysis about occupation density of signboards of the front side of roadside buildings, and we suggested optimum occupation density of signboards for supporting the road image positively. An object of research is the street in the business area that has many pedestrians and active passing zone of cars. We investigated and analyzed how to feel street images on the rate of occupation density of roadside building's signboards of in the chosen street. As a result of using an adjective that we use for estimating street view images for extraction of street images, we could know 2 factors. We named that one is the image of recognition, and the other is the image of feelings. We knew that signboard density of street of heavily recognized images is from 20% to 30% and, signboard density of street of heavily feeling images is from 50% to 60%. We also could know that people feel both images of recognition and images of feeling in specific density, 30 to 50%. Through this result of research, we can suggest Facade on signboard density with the recognition and the feeling and use images of the street view as materials to be more specific and more special.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1774-1784
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine obstructive factors and performance level of the HACCP system among elementary schools in Gyeongbuk province. E-mail survey targeted 320 dieticians, and recovery rate was 74.1%. Consequently, 227 responses were analyzed. The questionnaire was composed of 58 items under four sections (general characteristics, dieticians' perceived HACCP performance level, dieticians' perceived CCP performance level, and obstructive factors of HACCP system implementation). The item with the highest rate of HACCP performance level was 'HACCP training for foodservice employees in schools ($4.02{\pm}0.70$)' while the lowest counterpart was 'implementation of HACCP team meeting, reporting, and maintenance ($2.74{\pm}0.99$)'. The performance level of the item 'HACCP training for foodservice employees in schools' was perceived as highest when the number of students eating school meals was greater than 1,101 (P<0.05). Moreover, CCP 4 ($4.44{\pm}0.53$) and CP 5 ($4.44{\pm}0.51$) showed the best performance, whereas CCP 1 showed the lowest performance level ($3.90{\pm}0.60$). Therefore, reinforcement of hygiene instruction in menu planning is perceived as necessary. CCP 1, CCP 6 (P<0.05), and CCP 3 (P<0.001) showed significant differences in performance based on the number of students eating school meals. Further, according to results regarding obstructive factors of HACCP system execution, 'general factor' was the most severe obstructive factor in the application of HACCP ($3.46{\pm}0.62$). Among the 'factors pertaining to dieticians', the item 'hardship of proper monitoring and micro-management due to overwhelming workload' was most influential ($3.46{\pm}0.96$). Furthermore, the item 'low budget allocation by educational offices ($3.90{\pm}0.88$)' was influential among the 'factors pertaining to school administrations'. In conclusion, the results of this research can help solve obstructive factors of elementary school food services and provide knowledge that is essential for the proper implementation of HACCP.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.494-499
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• 2009

To investigate the relationship between the carcass defects considered by a meat grader and quality grade A, a total of 59,700 broiler carcasses, which were reared from September 1, 2007 to August 31, 2008 and randomly selected from 597 broiler farms with 100 broilers in each farm, were graded by a meat grader using the Korean meat grading system. The average slaughter weight of the broilers increased at the 31- to 33-d age but decreased after the 37-d age. The average daily gain to grade A ratio of the broilers was highest in autumn, and the bruises, flesh blemishes, and abnormalities of the carcasses were found to have been most frequent in winter (p<0.05). The number of economical defects (EDs) increased with the increase in the slaughter age, and the correlation coefficients of the EDs and grade A were -0.88, -0.48, and -0.12 in terms of the conformation, exposed flesh/cuts/tears, and skin discolorations of the carcasses, respectively. The correlation coefficients of the non-economical defects (NEDs) and the grade A of the broiler carcasses were -0.16, -0.22, and -0.32 in terms of the feathers, alien substances, and carcass treatment, respectively. The total number of defects (EDs + NEDs) and the grade A were highly correlated (-0.93), and in particular, the correlation between the grade A and the EDs was -0.91. It can be deemed that the grade A from a meat grader is highly correlated with the EDs. Therefore, the results suggest that broiler carcass grade evaluation using a meat grading system can provide direct information on profits in the market. The resulting carcass grade of broilers can also provide the information needed to decide on a proper incentive for a farm that has attained a good quality grade.