• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2003

This study was executed to evaluate the utilization and efficiency of the ceramic biocarrier as the promoter of decomposing on the organic matters for the composting using with pig manure by analyzing of the physico-chemical properties during composting. The treatments of this experiment were consisted of the control(C),microorganism(M), M with natural zeolite(M+Z), M with synthesized zeolite(M+SZ), and M with ceramic biocarrier(M+CZ). The process term of composting was conducted for 30days in the rapidly fermented machine(as pilot system). The results of the physico-chemical properties of the composts were as follows. The changes of temperature during composting was not relative with the microorganism and zeolite materials used in the composts. At all of the treatments were similar to changing of temp. from the initial stage to the final stage. But the added microorganism treatments were higher than control. And the entire pH value of treatments were appeared the same that above temperature result, also the M+CZ and M+SZ treatment among the treatment were higher. At the results of T-C, T-N and C/N ratio, in case of T-C value, the M+CZ treatment was highly more decreased than others. However at the T-N value, there were not the differences from the each treatment. And the C/N ratio was changed according to the changes of T-C and T-N value. Especially, at the M+CZ aud M+SZ treatments were remarkably reduced by about 21.4-23.3 value. In the result of G.I for evaluating of the compost humidity, the M+CZ and M+SZ treatments were close up approximately 110 value compared with the control(G.I value 100). Therefore, the examined ceramic biocarrier amended with compost-promoting-bacteria could be applied to the production of many high quality fertilizers. It is also expected that the results of this researches could be applied to the recycle of the organic wastes based on the experimental results of ceramic biocarrier and compost-promoting-bacteria application.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.144-146
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• 2021

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.113-116
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• 2003

1) 지렁이를 이용한 하수슬러지의 분변토화 공정에서 실험실 규모의 처리에서는 장기간의 부숙 기간이 필요하였으나 개방된 대형 비닐하우스 시설을 사용한 처리 시스템에서는 전처리 공정의 생략이 가능하였다. 2) 하수슬러지의 이화학적 특성을 분석한 결과 지렁이 생육 조건은 만족하였으나 중금속 함량은 부숙토 원료기준을 초과하는 경우가 있었다. 3) 인위적으로 사육상 온도 조절이 없는 비닐하우스내 사육상의 온도는 기상 조건의 영향을 직접 받고 있으므로 계절별로 슬러지 처리기간 및 지렁이 성장밀도에 차이를 나타내었다. 4) 지렁이를 이용하여 하수슬러지를 처리하고자 할 때 유해성분에 의한 지렁이의 생육에는 문제가 없었다. 그러나 슬러지와 분변토의 중금속 함량을 부숙토의 원료기준 및 제품기준과 비교하였을 때 기준을 초과하는 경우가 있었다. 따라서 지렁이를 이용하여 하수슬러지를 처리하고자 할 때 원료 및 분변토의 특성개량과 재활용성을 높이기 위하여 부원료의 개발과 활용이 필요하였다.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 1998

This study was carried out to elucidate the correlation between Germination Index(G.I.) and CO2 emission for evaluation of the maturity of compost products. 13 compost samples was used for this experiment. The G.I. test was carried out on the basis of T-N 200ppm. As a result of this research, we found that CO2 emission method was good simple indicator for evaluation of maturity of compost materials, in spite of G.I. The obtain results are summarized as follows ; 1. The correlation value between the G.I. and the CO2 emission was R2 = 0.776. 2. The correlation value between EC(Electric Conductivity) and G.I. was R2 =0.7. 3. The equation calculated from G.I. and CO2 emission was G.I. = -16.7(InCO2) - 6.87. 4. From these results, we found the possibility of estimation for the value of G.I.(T-N 200ppm) from CO2 emission volume under specific condition.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.100-108
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• 1998

Compost stability represents the state of microbiological activity and measurements of respiration either through $CO_2$ evolution or $O_2$ uptake should provide the best indication of this state. Hog manure amended with sawdust was composted in a pilot-scale reactor vessels using continuous and intermittent aeration for 3 weeks. In this study we evaluated the $CO_2$ respiration rate effect of aeration method on the reduction of $CO_2$ evolution, and investigated the stability of fresh and finished compost for plant growth. The intermittently aerated composting is a practical proposition for a very stable compost making. The $CO_2$ respiration rate in the fresh and finished compost during intermittently aerated composting was maintained from 0.3 to 1.4 and was good for use in horticulture, while the continuously aerated composting was 7 to 23 and needed more time for compost curing.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.302-305
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• 1991

Six low-molecular-weight organic acids from decomposing plant residues were analyzed, which were formic, acetic, succinic, malic, tartaric, and citric acids. Straws of rice, barley, wheat, and rye were put under acid- hydrolysis after decomposition for different periods of time. The contents of organic acids in the hydrolysates were determined. 1. The relative molarity of a low-molecular-weight organic acid varies with the passage of the time of decomposition. 2. In general, formic and acetic acids were the major low-molecular-weight organic acids in all samples. 3. Malic acid was found to be only in a trace amount in rice and barley straws, and in their decomposed residues. 4. The relative molarities of total monocarboxylic acids(formic and acetic) increased with the progressing time of decomposition, far exceeding those of dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids combined together. 5. Formic and acetic acids were compensatory for each other and they were supposed to persist for a long time in soil environment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 1999

To verify the usefulness of enzyme activity as a index for the stability or maturity of apple pomace composting. the succession of microbial populations using viable count procedure. and Vmax of ${\beta}$-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase were measured. based on an increase in fluorescence as the nonfluorescent methylumbelliferyl substrates were enzymatically hydrolyzed, leading to the highly fluorescent methylumbelliferyl molecule 4-methylumbelliferone(MUF). The activities of these enzymes in the decomposition of carbohydrates were gradually decreased in the course of the time. Correlation between microbial population and enzyme activity was not significant with exception of fungi. and the fungi were represented in high density. This indicates that the fungi probably play a major role in composting of apple pomace.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1995

To evaluate the stability of the compost made from food wastes, which were treated in the fermenting tank for 96 hours and then composted additionally in the static pile, physico-chemical properties and phytotoxicities were investigated. When food wastes were treated in the fermenting tank for 96 hours at $55{\sim}60^{\circ}C$, there is the effect of decreasing about 60% of total weight and improving the storage and the handling. However, it is impossible to make the matured compost in the fermenting tank within 2~3 days, which is the operating condition recommended by manufacturers. To use compost in the agricultural field, after treating food wastes in the fermenting tank for 2~3 days, it needs to compost additionally in the staic pile under the suitable fermenting condition over 6 weeks.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.106-110
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• 2001

In an effort to evaluate the economic value and durability of the expanded rice hull as substrates, changes in the physical and chemical properties of material and plant growth in that substrate were studied. Using and electron microscope, the structure of used and new expanded rice hull substrate was examined. Considerable decomposition was found in the substrate which had been used one to three times. Compactness and lowered porosity in the used substrates were probably caused by decomposition. The results of cation analysis showed the possible destruction of cell wall of rice hulls. Abundant $Ca^{2+}$ in the substrates used for two to three times also indicated the possibility of decomposition. In tomato yield comparison, 15.2% more yield of tomato fruit in a new substrates indicated the negative effects of decomposition of one-time used substrates. Yield decreased in the substrates used for three times. if perlite substrates is used for three years before renewal and the cost of the perlite renewal is counted. 65.3% saving in the cost will be realized with the use of an expanded rice hull substrate. Another positive effect of the expanded rice hull substrate is the decrease of environmental contamination.n.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2005

The golf courses more than about 200 are operating in Korea. From the golf courses, a great amount of turfgrass clippings tend to increase, steadily. Materials used in the experiment were Creeping Bentgrass(CB), Kentucky Bluegrass(KB), Korean Lawngrass(KL), rice bran and composted chicken drop. Treatments are CB, KB, and KL. The temperature during the composting of all treatments increased rapidly and reached at the highest temperature($57.9^{\circ}C$, $67.8^{\circ}C$, $74.3^{\circ}C$) within 20 days, and then stabilized to the range of $35.2{\sim}41.6^{\circ}C$ at the 30th day. The pH values of all treatments decreased on the first day. However, they were increased rapidly after three days and decreased again on 10~20 days. The pH values of all treatments at the final day were stabilized to the low alkali levels. The contents of total carbon during the period of composting tend to decrease and total nitrogen was increased for factor of reduction of volume. CEC value of all treatments during the period of composting tends to increase. The round paper chromatogram of extracted solution of KL sample was the sharpest and clearest among all treatments. The G.I. values of CB, KB, and KL in 30th day of composting were about 95.1, 77.7, and 98.7 in germination test using chinese cabbage, respectively. Conclusively, all turfgrass clippings used in this experiment were composted well, suitable as composting products standardized by KSC. The maturity of the final compost samples is best in KL, followed by CB and KB treatments. The turfgrass compost can contribute to the plant cultivation for environment-friendly farm, and the results of this study can become the basic data of turfgrass clippings compost. Further research on the mixing ratio of each material is required to produce compost of good quality.