• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.229-250
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is analyzing 'observation and recommendation letter by teacher', which is being submitted to screen and enhance the utilization of gifted students in accordance with recently introduced gifted students observation, recommendation and screening system. For the purpose, this study will provide with objective securing plan of 'observation and recommendation letter by teacher' by developing an optimum evaluation model. The research findings were as follows: First, the result of analysis on the mathematically gifted students behavior characteristic as appeared in 'observation and recommendation letter by teacher' suggested that the recommending teachers have the tendency of giving superficial statement instead of giving concrete case description. When it was analyzed for frequency by the 'observation and recommendation letter by teacher' analysis framework devised by the author, the teachers showed the tendency of concentrating on specific questions. Meanwhile, there was a tendency that teachers concentrate on specific gifted behavior characteristic or area for which concrete case had been suggested. The reason is believed that such part is easy to observe and state while others are not, or, teachers did not judge the other part as the characteristic of gifted students. Second, the gifted students behavior characteristics as appeared in 'observation and recommendation letter by teacher' were made into scores by Rubric model. When the interrater reliability was analyzed based on these scores, the correlation coefficient of 1st scoring was .641. After a discussion session was taken and 2nd scoring was done 3 weeks later, the correlation coefficient of 2nd scoring increased to .732. The reason is believed that; i) the severity among scorers was adjusted by the discussion session after the 1st scoring, ii) the scorers established detail judgment standard on various situations which can appear because of the descriptive nature, and, (iii) they found a consensus on scoring for a new situation appeared. It implies that thorough understanding and application of scorers on evaluation model is as important as the development of optimum model for the differentiation of mathematically gifted elementary students.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2022

Recently the telemedicine platform firms which have been temporarily permitted since COVID-19 outbreak have increasingly provided online prescription drugs delivery, causing concerns among incumbent providers of medicine, some of whom began to take aggressive actions again them. In this study, using game theoretic market entry - deterrence model, we show that although the incumbent medicine provider can effectively deter entry by the telemedicine platform firms by its preemptive action, accommodation could be a optimal action when telemedicine platform firms already have penetrated the market with their being permitted to do business due to the COVID-19. However, for the incumbent to cooperate for the successful change in the retail market for medicines, policies like placing a ceiling on the maximum number of taking prescriptions by the pharmacists a day in the telemedince platform network, providing favorable exposure of community pharmacists on the telemedicine platform user interface, and allowing community pharmacies to participate as shareholders of the telemedicine platform firms in its initial public opening of capital, are suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.195-206
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• 2009

The deregulation of aviation markets in Europe and the United Sates had led airlines to reconfigure their networks into hub-and-spoke systems. Recent trends of "Open Skies" in the Asian aviation market are also expected to prompt the reformation of airlines' networks in the region. A significant connectivity index is a crucial tool for airlines and airport authorities to estimate the degree of hub-and-spoke operations. Therefore, this paper suggests a new index, Continuous Indirect Connectivity Index (CICI), for measuring the coordination of airlines' flight schedules, applying it to the Asian, European and the American aviation markets. CICI consists of three components：(i) temporal connectivity to identify the attractiveness between connection flights, (ii) spatial connectivity to differentiate the attractiveness by de-routing distance with continuous linear function, and (iii) relative intensity to reflect the effect of direct flight frequency on transfer routes. CICI is evaluated to examine a casual relationship through regression analyses with two dependent variables of the number of transfer passengers and transfer rates. Compared with Danesi's index and Doganis' index through evaluation processes, CICI has a higher coefficient value of determination, implying that it explains the relationship between connectivity and transfer passengers more precisely.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 용액성장법에 의해 양자 입자로 구성된 CdS 박막을 슬라이드 유리기 판위에 성장시키고 이들의 구조적 광학적 특성에 대하여 연구하였고 이들 결과를 토대로 용 액성장법으로 성장된 CdS 박막의 양자 사이즈 효과에 대하여 연구하였다. 성장시간은 1, 3, 10, 20분이었고 성장온도는 75$^{\circ}C$였다. X-선 회절 분석결과 본 연구에서 합성된 CdS 박막은 hexagonal상의 결정구조를 갖는 것으로 나타났고 성장시간에 따라 막의 투께는 61~195nm, 입자사이즈는 8.5~22.5nm로 나타났다. 광에너지 변화에 따른 투과도 측정결과 본 연구의 CdS 시료는 성장시간에 따라 에너지 밴드갭이 2.43~2.51 eV로 나타나서 벌크 CdS의 에너 지 밴드갭인 2.42 ev보다 높은 에너지 밴드갭을 갖게 되어 양자 사이즈 효과에 의한 blue shift 현상이 용액성장법에 의해 합성된 CdS 시료에도 존재한다는 것이 밝혀졌다 그리고 이 같은 용액성장법으로 성장된 CdS에 대해 최초로 수행된 Raman 산란 실험결과 이성장방법 으로 성장된 CdS에는 1TO, E2, 1LO 포논 모드가 존재함을 알수 있었고 또한 입자 사이즈 감소에 의한 1LO포논 모드의저주파수 shift 현상 즉 포논 모드의 softening 현상이 있음이 밝혀졌고 softening은 최대6.2%까지 발생하였다. 이와같은 높은 softening은 본연구의 CdS 박막 내 양자 입자의 입도가 작은것에 기인하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 본 CdS 시료의 양 자 사이즈 효과의 결과로 1TO 포논도 나타났는데 이 1TO 포논과 E2 포논의 Raman shift 는 성장시간 즉 막의 두께와는 무관한 것으로 나타났다.행렬모형(二重比例行列模型)을 이용하여, 산업구조의 변화로 인한 직업별 인력수요 변화가 충분히 고려되도록 하였다. 전망의 결과에 따르면 향후 우리 경제는 지식기반경제(knowledge-based economy)로 이행하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 우선 산업구조면에서 지식집약적산업으로의 구조조정이 일어나게 되고 이에 따라 산업별 취업구조에서도 고기술산업의 취업준비중이 급속히 증가하게 된다. 직업별 취업분포에 있어서도 전문기술직 행정관리직 등의 고숙련 사무직의 비중은 크게 증가하는 반면 생산관련직과 농림어업직의 비중은 감소하게 된다. 이처럼 경제가 지식집약화되어 감에 따라 고학력자에 대한 수요는 지속적으로 증가하지만 현재 적절한 인력양성과 공급이 이루어지지 않고 있어 향후 기술이나 기능에 따른 수급부일정(需給不一政)(skill mismatch)현상이 매우 심해질 것으로 보인다. 따라서 앞으로의 인력정책에서 가장 주안점을 두어야 할 부분은 첨단기술산업과 관련된 인력의 양성에 있다고 하겠다.2시간까지 LPDG용액은 MEC용액보다 비교적 나은 회복을 보였고 재관류 3일과 7일의 폐기능 평가에서 두 용액 모두에서 폐기능의 점차적 소실을 보였으며 이는 병리조직검사에서 보듯이 폐혐에 의한 외적인 요소라고 생각되며 따라서 LPDG용액은 허혈재관류손상 방지 및 급성폐렴 등 염증을 잘 관리한다면 20시간 이상 LPDG용액의 안전한 폐보존의 가능성 을 얻을 수 있었다.ic 형태로 외래유전자가 발현되었지만 대조구에서 87.0% (26/30개) 배반포기가 $\beta$-Gal 활력을 보인 반면, G418 처리구에서는 모든 배반포기가 $\beta$-Gal 활력을 보였다 (P<0.05). 그러나 대조구 및 G418 처리구의 ICM

• Journal of Teachers' Pension
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• v.2
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• pp.47-102
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• 2017

오늘날 대다수의 선진 국가들은 고령화 사회에 대비하여 자국의 노후소득보장 제도를 대대적으로 개혁해 오고 있다. 우리나라의 경우에서도 지난 2015년 사학연금제도의 개혁이 이러한 취지에 해당될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회의 문제가 단순히 노인부양비용의 증가 그 자체가 아니라, 평균수명의 증가에도 불구하고 늘어나게 된 노후의 삶에 대한 시간적 배분이 근로와 여가에 걸쳐 균형적으로 이루어지지 않고, 사회적 부양을 필요로 하는 노후의 여가만 일방적으로 늘어나고 있다는 점을 문제점으로 지적하였다. 따라서 이러한 차원에서 볼 때 고령화 사회의 문제는 생애근로기간의 연장을 통해서만 효과적으로 극복할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다, 하지만 이와는 반대로 개인별로 건강상태나 가족상황 등의 이유로 생애근로주기의 연장이 불가능한 사람들을 위하여 별도의 제도적 장치가 추가적으로 마련되어야 할 것이다. 종합해 보면, 고령화 사회의 노동시장 문제는 개인별로 다양한 욕구나 능력을 반영하여 각자에게 다양한 선택권을 보장해 줄 수 있는 방향으로 개선되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회에 대비하여 연금수급연령 상향조정의 필요성을 사학연금제도를 중심으로 살펴보고, 대신 그로 인해 발생할 수 있는 소득공백문제와 연금가입경력 공백문제 등 제반의 충격을 흡수할 수 있는 제도적 장치로서 점진적 퇴직제도의 도입방안을 제안하였다. 개략적으로 사학연금제도에 있어서 점진적 퇴직모형은 법정연금수급연령의 인상 일정에 따라 다음과 같이 운영하는 방안을 제안하였다. 먼저 법정연금수급연령이 60세로 유지되는 2022년까지의 단기적 대책으로서 여기서 점진적 퇴직의 자격연령은 모든 가입자에게 60세로 적용하도록 한다. 이 경우 가입자들의 신분구분에 따라 각각 교수 5년, 교원 2년(문제해결에 대한 정책적 의지에 따라 이행구간을 확장할 수도 있음) 그리고 교직원 0년의 조기의 점진적 퇴직이 허용되므로, 현재 교원이나 교수의 임용대란문제에 효과적으로 대응을 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 다음으로는 2023년 이후 2033년 사이 법정연금수급연령의 인상단계에 해당되는 기간 동안의 대책으로서 여기서는 교수, 교원, 교직원에게 적용되는 정년연령과 매년도 법정연금수급연령 사이의 기간을 조기의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간으로 정하도록 한다. 그리고 이러한 이행구간에 상당하는 기간만큼 후기의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간을 별도로 설정하여 그에 적절한 혜택이 주어질 수 있도록 한다. 마지막으로 2033년 이후부터는 교수, 교사, 교직원의 신분구분 없이 모두에게 적용되는 사항으로서 65세를 기준으로 그 이전의 5년은 사학연금의 적용을 받는 조기의 점진적 퇴직 그리고 그 이후의 5년은 국민연금의 적용을 받는 후기의 점진적 퇴직이 이루어질 수 있도록 한다. 그리고 전체 10년의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간 동안 개인별로 퇴직시점이나 퇴직형태의 선택이 자유롭게 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위하여 보험수리의 원칙에 입각한 감액률 또는 가산율의 엄격한 적용을 제안하였다. 그리고 고령계층이 자신의 근로시간을 단계적으로 단축할 수 있도록 하고, 그 과정에서 발생하게 되는 소득의 감소부분은 별도의 제도적 방법(가교연금, 시간가치적립계정 등)으로 충당하도록 하는 방안을 제안하였다. 나아가 점진적 퇴직제도의 운영방식은 근로시간의 단축뿐만 아니라 작업부담의 경감 등에 대해서도 인정을 해주도록 해줌으로써 임금피크제도의 기능과 연계가 가능할 수 있도록 할 것을 제안하였다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is, first, to establish a theory about the conflict between sustainable tourism development and the restoration process of modern cultural heritage. Second, a research model is established through literature research, and the difference in perception between the local government (Incheon Jung-gu Office) and the local residents is analyzed. Third, based on the results of the analysis, we will present a conflict management strategy for sustainable tourism development in the modern hotel restoration project. If a conflict management strategy is presented based on the analysis results, first, a procedure to confirm whether the goal of development for sustainable tourism development and local residents is the same before the modern cultural heritage restoration project is necessary. Second, it is necessary to coordinate opinions on priority items among sustainable tourism development indicators during the modern cultural heritage restoration project. Third, in the modern cultural heritage restoration project, priority should be given to the change of awareness of the development subject rather than the change of awareness of the local residents. Fourth, in the modern cultural heritage restoration project, the development entity should attempt continuous dialogue and compromise in an effort to find an alternative that satisfies local residents. Fifth, in the modern cultural heritage restoration project, it would be effective to pay special attention to and focus on the part of 'adjustment of opinions' where the difference of opinion between the developer and the local residents is the largest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 1978

A boat seine has been used as a major fishing gear for catching anchovy (Engraulis japonica) in the southern coastal waters of Korea since the 1920s. Since the 1950s some improvement from the original seine has been made; powered boats equipped with net hauler has been used instead of rowing boats with hand-driven capstan, and the seining method has been changed into the trawling method. But even now, there are many problems to be solved in the view point of decreasing man power without decreasing catching efficiency. For the purpose, patti-net has been introduced from Japan and experimented on the commercial base since 1972, and it was known that the patti-net could be operated with man power as half as needed in the coventional net, but catching efficiency was not so desirable. Therefore, the study on the characteristics of it were required. The authors carried out a model experiment with a Qne-twentieth scale model net towed by a powered boat on the sea. The obtained results run as follows: 1. Hydrodynamic resistance of the model net can be explained as $R_p=69.6 V_{I.66}$ $R_h=37 v^2$ where $R_p$ and $R_b$ denote the resistance of the whole gear and the cod end in kg respectively, and v the towing speed in mlsec. 2. Performance of wing and cod end showed no deformation such as observed at the conventional net. 3. The ratio of opening at the entrance of bag net to that of cod end showed about 2: 1. Therefore, when we intend to enlarge the net to be able to operate in the deep fishing ground, the cod end should be enlarged in the same proportion and increased towing power is needed .. Then, it will be better to increase the ratio for increasing fishing efficiency without increasing towing power.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1985

In this study, I compared and analyzed the new and old secondary school science textbooks to find the charateristics of them and the differences between them. The results of the study are the following. Major concepts in the new textbook are almost similar to those in the old one. The-new textbook reinforces the functions of the introudction and checking the result of learning, and presents more and diverse learning materials and reduces the degree of learning difficulty by omitting the several abstract knowledges and mathematical formulas which can be understood through formal operational thinking. The results show that the new textbook is more effective in arousing student's interest and curiosity there fore it increases the efficiency of learning. But the new textbook is less suitable for inquiry because it is mainly composed of explanation and fact rather than experiment and observation. I think that this is the result from the actual approach to the real conditions of school when the curriculum was reformed and the new textbook was written.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2013

The Global Framework on Climate Services (GFCS) will guide the development of climate services that link science-based climate information and predictions with climate-risk management and adaptation to climate change. GFCS structure is made up of 5 pillars; Observations/Monitoring (OBS), Research/ Modeling/ Prediction (RES), Climate Services Information System (CSIS) and User Interface Platform (UIP) which are all supplemented with Capacity Development (CD). Corresponding to each GFCS pillar, the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) has been proposing "Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology" (GIAM) in order to facilitate GFCS implementation scheme from the perspective of AgroMeteorology - Global AgroMeteorological Outlook System (GAMOS) for OBS, Global AgroMeteorological Pilot Projects (GAMPP) for RES, Global Federation of AgroMeteorological Society (GFAMS) for UIP/RES, WAMIS next phase for CSIS/UIP, and Global Centers of Research and Excellence in AgroMeteorology (GCREAM) for CD, through which next generation experts will be brought up as virtuous cycle for human resource procurements. The World AgroMeteorological Information Service (WAMIS) is a dedicated web server in which agrometeorological bulletins and advisories from members are placed. CAgM is about to extend its service into a Grid portal to share computer resources, information and human resources with user communities as a part of GFCS. To facilitate ICT resources sharing, a specialized or dedicated Data Center or Production Center (DCPC) of WMO Information System for WAMIS is under implementation by Korea Meteorological Administration. CAgM will provide land surface information to support LDAS (Land Data Assimilation System) of next generation Earth System as an information provider. The International Society for Agricultural Meteorology (INSAM) is an Internet market place for agrometeorologists. In an effort to strengthen INSAM as UIP for research community in AgroMeteorology, it was proposed by CAgM to establish Global Federation of AgroMeteorological Society (GFAMS). CAgM will try to encourage the next generation agrometeorological experts through Global Center of Excellence in Research and Education in AgroMeteorology (GCREAM) including graduate programmes under the framework of GENRI as a governing hub of Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology (GIAM of CAgM). It would be coordinated under the framework of GENRI as a governing hub for all global initiatives such as GFAMS, GAMPP, GAPON including WAMIS II, primarily targeting on GFCS implementations.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-198
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• 2009

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the impact of new BIS regulation, which is the preparations to incorporate not only credit risk but also market and operation risk, on the bank behaviors. As methodology, SUR(seemingly unrelated regression) and pool unit test are used in the empirical analysis of banks survived in Korea. It is employed that quarterly data of BIS capital ratio, ratio of standard and below loans to total loans, ratio of liquid assets to liquid liabilities, allowances for credit losses, real GDP, yields of corporate bonds(3years, AA) covering the period of 2000Q1~2009Q1. As a result, it could be indicated that effectiveness and promoting improvements of BIS capital regulation policy as follows; First, it is explicitly seen that weight of lending had decreased and specific gravity of international investment had increased until before BIS regulation is built up a step for revised agreement in late 2001. Second, after more strengthening of BIS standard in late 2002, banks had a tendency to decrease the adjustment of assets weighted risk through issuing of national loan that is comparatively low profitability. Also, it is implicitly sought that BIS regulation is a bit of a factor to bring about credit crunch and then has become a bit of a factor of economic stagnation. Third, as the BIS regulation became hard, it let have a effort to raise the soundness of a credit loan because of selecting good debtor based on its credit ratings. Fourth, it should be arranged that the market disciplines, the effective superintendence system and the sound environment to be able to raise enormous bank capital easily, against the credit stringency and reinforce the soundness of banks etc. in Korea capital market.