• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.436-442
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• 2007

Purpose : To promote awareness and efforts by pediatricians to identity and prevent child abuse by investigation of characteristics of victim and types of injury caused by abuse. Methods : A retrospective study was performed with 20 patients who had been diagnosed or suspected as child abuse at Hallym University Hospital from January 1999 to December 2005. The medical records, radiologic documents, and social worker's notes were reviewed to investigate age, sex, visiting time, form of abuse, perpetrator, risk factor, and type of injury. Results : The mean age of the subjects was 2.8 years. Fourteen patients were between 0-1 years old, 2 patients between 1-6 years old, 3 patients between 7-12 years old, and 1 case over 13 years old. The ratio of male to female was 1:1. The majority of these patients (70%) visited via emergency department. Eight five percent of these patients reported with physical abuse, 5% psychological abuse, 5% sexual abuse, and 5% neglect respectively. The suspected perpetrator was the biological father in six cases, the biological mother in three cases, the stepmother in two cases, caregiver in one case, relatives in one case and "unknown" in six cases. Bruise and hematoma (80%) were the most common physical findings. Skull fractures were diagnosed in six cases, long bone fractures in two cases, hemoperitoneum in two cases, subdural hemorrhage in 10 cases, epidural hemorrhages in two cases, subarachnoidal hemorrhages in two cases, and retinal hemorrhages in five cases respectively. Seventeen cases required hospitalization and surgical operations performed were in nine cases. Four patients died and three patients had sequalae such as developmental delay and quadriplegia. Conclusion : Child abuse results in high mortality and morbidity in victims. Therefore early recognition and prevention is very important. Pediatricians should always suspect the possibilities of abuse in cases of fracture, intracranial hemorrhage, abdominal injury, or even any injury to the body. We recommend that the clinical investigation of suspicious children should include a full multidisciplinary social assessment, a skeletal survey and CT or MRI.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.173-179
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of peer attachment and parental abuse on adolescents' dependence on mobile phones and the mediating effect of self-esteem. For this study, I used the panel data of the 7th year of the 1st grade of the elementary school for the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey provided by the Korea Youth Policy Institute. A total of 1,937 adolescents were selected to analyze causal relationship among variables, and SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used to verify research problem. As a result of the study, First, the better the relationship with peers, the higher the self-esteem and the less the dependence on their mobile phone. On the other hand, the more severe the abuse, the lower the self-esteem and the higher the dependence on mobile phones. Second, Self-esteem was found to have a significant effect on peer attachment and abuse on mobile phone dependence. Based on these results, I would like to provide them as basic data for helping positive development of adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.161-171
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• 1989

The purposes of this study are to find out the recent trends of child abuse which is reported by children, and to investigate the relations between emotional and verbal child abuse and socio-psycological variables. The subjects were 196 children in a public elementary school in Seoul (5th grade). They completed an anonymous questionnaire. The major findings are as follows: 1. Most of the children in the survey reported that their parents didn't abuse them. But there were significant differences in the frequency of child abuse with their mother and father. 2. Emotional and verbal child abuse differed significantly by the level of socioeconomic status, child's personality, parent's personality, marital dispute. But child abuse was not related to the sex of children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.39-50
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• 1998

This study investigated the relationship between the types of parental abuse and maladjustmental behaviors of adolescents. The subjects were 448 junior and senior middle school students. Statistics were frequencies, percentile, Pearson's r-coefficient, and regression analysis. The main results of this study were as follows ; 1. There were significantly positive correlation between the types of parental abuse and maladjustmental behaviors. 2. The variables, neglect, unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, and physical abuse were found to be the important variables in predicting social withdrawal. Neglect, unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, and sex of the child were found to be the important variables in predicting hyperactivity. Neglect, emotional abuse, and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be the important variables in predicting aggression. Sex of the child, emotional abuse, and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be the important variables in predicting retreat. And, neglect and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be important variables in predicting obsessive-compulsion.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-220
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to indentify parental perspectives and child rearing effects on child abuse with the hope that the results will be helpful in treatment and prevention of child abuse. The subjects were 181 children, 74 elementary and 107 junior high school students in Pusan. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Pearson's correlation, and regression. The high correlation of parental perspectives and child rearing attitudes with child abuse suggest a causal relationship. Implications of these results indicate the need for enactment and enforcement of laws for treatment and prevention. A recommendation was made that prevention, treatment, and education concerning child abuse should be carried out under the auspices of governmental and welfare agencies.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.271-283
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effect of adolescent development environment including parenting attitude, peer relationship, and school environment on delinquent behavior, and between these relationships, the mediate effect of media environment such as computer and mobile devices. The $6^{th}$ year data from Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) was used and the subjects were limited to 518 students of $7^{th}$ grade who are in their early adolescence. The result shows that adolescents under more affectionate, over involvement, and abusive parenting attitude will commit delinquent behaviors more frequently, and so does alienated youth from their friends. Parenting inconsistency and communication with friends make them use computer and cell phone more often, and excessive media usage increases adolescent's delinquent behavior. In conclusion, family environment and peer relation have influence on adolescents' delinquent behavior. Therefore, there is necessity to build development environment that prevent adolescents' delinquencies like parent education program or peer communication program for example. Also, proper education program for using computer or cell phone usage can reduce adolescents' delinquent behaviors, especially when its addictive aspect was recently issued.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.117-129
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• 2011

Objectives: This paper examines the mediation effect of depression in the relationship between parental abuse, parental alcoholism, and suicidal ideation in university students. Methods: A survey on abusive experience from parents, parental alcoholism, depression, and suicidal ideation was conducted with 415 students from six universities. Structural equation analysis was performed using the AMOS program. Results: The result demonstrates that depression has some mediation effects between parental abuse and suicidal ideation in university students. Meanwhile, depression has an entire mediation effect between parental alcoholism and suicidal ideation. Conclusions: This study shows that the parental alcoholism by itself did not affect suicidal ideation in university students, but depression did. Experience of parental abuse is a significant risk factor which may cause suicidal ideation, and depression may cause suicidal ideation indirectly. It calls for efforts to prevent parental abuse and emphasizes the necessity of paying primary attention to the mediation effect of depression in preventing suicidal ideation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 1999

This study was performed by the children and adolescents who were abused or neglected physically, emotionally that were selected in child & adolescents psychiatric ward. We investigated the number of these case in admitted children & adolescents, and also observed characteristics of symptoms, developmental history, characteristics of abuse style, characteristics of abusers, family dynamics and psychopathology. We hypothesized that all kinds of abuse will influnced to emotional, behavioral problems, developmental courses on victims, interactive effects on family dynamics and psychopathology. That subjects were 22 persons of victims who be determined by clinical observation and clinical note. The results of the study were as follows：1) Demographic characteristics of victims：ratio of sex was 1：6.3(male：female), mean age was $11.1{\pm}2.5$. According to birth order, lst was 12(54.5%), 2nd was 5(23%), 3rd was 2(9%) and only child was 3(13.5%). 2) Characteristics of family：According to socioeconomic status, middle to high class was 3(13.5%), middle one was 9(41.% ), middle to low one was 9(41%), low one was 1(0.5%). according to number of family, under the 3 person was 3(13.5%), 4-5 was 17(77.5%), 6-7 was 2(9%). according to marital status of parents, divorce or seperation were 5(23%), remarriage 2(9%), severe marital discord was 19(86.5%). In father, antisocial behavior was 7(32%), alcohol dependence was 10(45.5%). In mother, alcohol abuse was 5(23%), depression was 17(77.3%), history of psychiatric management was 6(27%). 3) Characteristics of abuse：Physical abuse was 18(81.8%), physical and emotional abuse and neglect were 4(18.2%). according to onset of abuse, before 3 years was 15(54.5%), 3-6 years was 5(27.5%), schooler was 1(15%). Only father offender was 2(19%), only mother offender was 8(35.4%), both offender was 8(35.4%), accompaning with spouse abuse was 7(27%), and accompaning with other sibling abuse was 4(18.2%). 4) General characteristics and developmental history of victims：Unwanted baby was 12(54.5%), developmental delay before abuse was9(41%), comorbid developmental disorder was 15(68%). there were 6(27.5%) who didn‘t show definite sign of developmental delay before abuse. 5) Main diagnosis and comorbid diagnosis：According to main diagnosis, conduct disorder 6(27.3%), borderline child 5(23%), depression4(18%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) 4(18%), pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified 2(9%), selective mutism 1(5%). According to comorbid diagnosis, ADHD, borderline intelligence, mental retardation, learning disorder, developmental language disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, chronic tic disorder, functional enuresis and encoporesis, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder due to medical condition. 5) Course of treatment：A mean duration of admission was $2.4{\pm}1.5$ months. 11(15%) showed improvement of symtoms, however 11(50%) was not changed of symtoms.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.479-487
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• 2004

Purpose: This survey was done to describe parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment as they are related to child abuse. Also demographic variables that influence child abuse were investigated. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second week of April 2002. The 160 participants were parents of students in five elementary schools in the J area of Korea. They replied to a structured questionnaire, and 129 replies were included in the final analysis. The WIN SPSS program was used for the analysis. Result: Parenting self-efficacy, beliefs in corporal punishment and child abuse showed no significant differences according to gender of the children. Child abuse by parents has significantly negative correlation with parenting self-efficacy (r=-.369, p=.000), socioeconomic states of family(r=-.290, p=.001), educational level of mother(r=-.211, p=.027), educational level of father(r=-.342, p=.000), parent's age(r=-.200, p=.028). Stepwise multiple regression showed that parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment significantly influence child abuse in Korean parents. Conclusion: As parenting self-efficacy explained 49.7% of child abuse, it is the most important variable for preventing child abuse. Belief in corporal punishment was the second most important variable in preventing child abuse. These two variables explained 53.3% of variance in child abuse by parents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.40
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• pp.255-283
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the pathways of factors that influence adolescent's suicidal ideation of suicide attempters and non-attempters and to compare path coefficients between the two groups. Results from simultaneous analysis of multiple populations suggest that the path model was appropriate for both groups. However, significant differences in path coefficients were found. Parental abuse and peer victimization had direct effects on adolescent's suicidal ideation only among the adolescent suicide non-attempters. Burdensomeness and hopelessness had direct effects on adolescent's suicidal ideation, whereas thwarted belongingness did not have direct effects for both groups. Peer victimization appear to have an indirect effect through burdensomeness for both groups of adolescents. Only among the adolescent suicide non-attempters, parental abuse had an indirect effect on suicidal ideation through burdensomeness, and burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness had indirect effects on suicidal ideation through hopelessness. The results indicate that differentiated approaches are required to prevent suicidal ideation for adolescent suicide attempters and non-attempters.