• Title/Summary/Keyword: 부모됨

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유아를 위한 메뉴 개발 및 평가

  • 신은경;이연경
    • Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.1053-1054
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    • 2003
  • 유아기는 식품 기호도, 식사예절, 식습관 등 식행동의 기초가 형성되는 시기로서 특히 편식이 생기기 쉽고, 식욕부진과 영양과잉 등 불균형한 식품 섭취로 인한 영양문제를 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 2003년 7월 구미지역 2개 보육시설의 92명 유아들의 부모들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 유아들의 식습관과 식품 기호도를 조사하고 이를 고려하여 유아를 위한 메뉴를 개발하고 평가하였다. 개발한 메뉴는 일반식 (삼각김밥, 오징어전), 편식 (도라지강정, 브로콜리스프), 빈혈식(쇠간함박스테이크, 참치깻잎쌈밥), 비만식(참치샐러드, 닭안심깻잎조림), 전통식(떡찜, 두부선) 등 각 2가지씩 총 10가지이며, 2003년 10월 시식회를 거쳐 656명의 유아들에게 맛, 냄새, 모양, 조직감, 전반적인 기호도 등에 대해 5점 척도법으로 메뉴평가를 실시하였다. 식습관 조사결과 편식습관이 있는 경우가 70.7%였으며, 평소 싫어하는 음식에 대해서는 권유로 마지못해 먹는다가 67.4%로 가장 많았다. 성별에 따른 유아의 식습관을 분석해 본 결과 전반적으로 남녀간 유의한 차이는 없었으나 남아가 여아보다 탄산음료를 즐겨 마시는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 기호도 조사결과 10가지 식품군 중 과일류에 대한 기호도(3.97$\pm$0.65점)가 가장 높았고, 채소류에 대한 기호도(2.46$\pm$0.68점)가 가장 낮았으며, 기호도가 특히 낮았던 식품으로는 곡류 및 감자류 중에는 보리밥과 콩밥, 육류 및 가공품 중에는 간과 내장, 두류 및 가공품 중에는 팥, 어패류 중에는 굴, 해조류 중에는 파래, 채소류 중에는 토란, 브로콜리, 도라지 등이었다. 조리법별로는 튀김류(3.80$\pm$0.68)가 가장 높았고 그 다음이 볶음ㆍ구이류(3.77$\pm$0.56)였으며 기호도가 가장 낮은 음식은 생채류(2.61$\pm$1.27)와 숙채류(2.85$\pm$1.13)인 것으로 나타났다. 개발한 메뉴의 선호도는 전반적으로 높았으며 맛에 대한 선호도(4.30$\pm$0.91)가 가장 높았고, 모양에 대한 선호도(3.95$\pm$0.89)가 가장 낮았다. 메뉴별 맛에 대한 선호도는 닭안심깻잎조림 (4.85$\pm$0.36)과 두부선(4.85$\pm$0.52)이 가장 높았고, 참치깻잎쌈밥(3.43$\pm$1.61)이 가장 낮았으며 냄새에 대한 선호도는 두부선(4.76$\pm$0.69), 닭안심깻잎조림 (4.64$\pm$0.53), 브로콜리스프(4.59$\pm$0.88)가 유의하게 높았고 참치깻잎쌈밥(2.95$\pm$1.24)은 유의하게 낮았다. 모양에 대한 선호도는 두부선이 4.85$\pm$0.52점으로 유의하게 높은 점수를 보였으며 쇠간함박스테이크(3.03$\pm$0.17)와 참치깻잎쌈밥(3.11$\pm$1.33)이 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보였다. 조직감에 대한 선호도는 두부선(4.80$\pm$0.56)과 브로콜리스프(4.63$\pm$0.60)가 유의하게 높게 나타났고, 참치깻잎쌈밥(3.20$\pm$1.29)이 유의하게 낮았다. 전반적인 선호도는 맛, 냄새, 모양, 조직감에서 모두 선호도가 높았던 두부선이 4.82$\pm$0.49점으로 가장 유의하게 높았으며 참치깻잎쌈밥이 3.17$\pm$1.30점으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 음식의 맛, 냄새, 모양, 조직감 및 전반적인 기호도간에는 모두 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 따라서 음식의 맛에 영향을 주는 요인은 맛 자체뿐만 아니라 냄새, 모양, 조직감 등 다양하므로 어릴 때부터 가정과 보육시설에서 다양한 식품과 조리법을 이용하여 맛있고, 먹고싶은 냄새가 나고, 부드러우며, 모양도 먹음직스럽게 조리하여 유아들의 올바른 식습관 형성에 도움이 되도록 하는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

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A Study of Dietary Intake and Vitamin/Mineral Supplement Usage among Adolescents (청소년의 식이섭취와 비타민.무기질 보충제 복용에 관한 연구)

  • 박은숙
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.30-40
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    • 1995
  • The relationship between dietary intake and vitamin/mineral supplement usage was examined in 706 adolescent girls who were high school students. 43.8% of subjects used vitamin/mineral supplements during one year. The higher the family income and parents education level, the higher percentage of vitamin/mineral supplement usage was. But there was no significant difference between grades and scores. And vitamin/mineral supplement usage was higher int he thin and obese groups than the average weight groups. Nutrition knowledge and food habit did not affect vitamin/mineral supplement usage. Calorie intakes of vitamin/mineral supplement users and nonusers were similar. However, independent of the supplements, the diets of supplement nonusers contained significantly more dietary protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C, and calcium than the diets of the users. A considerable portion of both the users and nonusers had dietary intakes of less than 2/3 of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, calcium, and iron. Vitamin/mineral supplement nonusers generally consumed a more vitamin, mineral from diet. Reasons for taking supplements were to take energy, advice and illness.

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A Preliminary Study on Nutrition Education for Preschool Children in Day-Care Center - Dietary Habit and Nutrition Knowledge - (어린이집 아동의 영양교육을 위한 사전조사 연구 - 식습관과 영양지식을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Hye-Kyung;Kim, Jin-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.7
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    • pp.866-873
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current dietary habits, health related behaviors, nutrition knowledge and body indices, and to investigate the changes in nutrition knowledge for designing and monitoring nutrition education program among preschool children. The subjects were 1,200 preschool children, aged $4{\sim}6$ years. A measurement of the height and weight was conducted. The general home environment, the dietary habit of children and nutrition knowledge were collected using a questionnaire that included information about family income, parent's education and occupations. Using the PIBW, 14.6% of the preschool children were under weight, 54.4% were normal, and 31.0% were overweight or obese. We regarded to food habit score, the highest score was in the regularity of breakfast, while the lowest score was in consumption of yellow-green vegetables such as spinach and carrots. Result in food behavior showed that 69.1% of preschool children had a unbalanced diet, and their favorite snack was fast food like pizza and hamburger then followed soft drink and fried foods (chicken of potato). After nutrition education, there was somewhat improvement in the nutrition knowledge score of preschool children from $7.7{\pm}1.7$ point to $8.9{\pm}1.5$ point. These results suggest that nutrition education help preschool children change their nutrition knowledge. Therefore, it would be needed that new appropriate nutrition education to improve dietary habits and health status.

Association between Breakfast Frequency and Awareness of General School Life in High School Students (고등학생의 아침식사 섭취빈도와 전반적인 학교생활 인식도와의 관련성)

  • Woo, Lee Jin;Kim, Seong Yeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.854-861
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    • 2015
  • This study investigated the association between breakfast frequency (0~2 times, 3~6 times, and 7 times per week) and awareness of general school life (physical activity, relationships with teachers and friends, rule compliance, study attitudes, study records, and overall school life) in high school students (boys 146 and girls 155) in the Yongin region. Awareness of physical activity was higher in girls (77.4%) than in boys (65.1%). Rule compliance showed a significant difference in girls (P<0.01), whereas boys did not show any difference. Percentage of 'effective' awareness of study attitudes was 24.0% and 44.5% in boys and girls, respectively. Awareness of study records in girls showed significant difference (0~2 times 37.5%, 3~6 times 30.4%, and 7 times 52.2%) (P<0.05), whereas boys did not show any difference. Awareness of overall school life showed a significant difference in both boys (P<0.05) and girls (P<0.01). Association between breakfast frequency and general school life in boys was as follows: awareness of overall school life had the highest positive value (+0.185) (P<0.05) and relationships with teachers had the second (+0.168) (P<0.05). Girls also showed the highest positive value (+0.323) (P<0.01) for awareness of overall school life, which occurred in the following order: rule compliance (+0.316) (P<0.01)> awareness of study attitudes (+0.267) (P<0.01)> relationships with friends (+0.215) (P<0.01). In conclusion, high school students showed a high positive association between breakfast frequency and general school life, particularly in girls. Therefore, effective nutrition education programs in connection with national policy and school support are highly required to provide healthy breakfast and school life to high school students.

The Oral Health Behaviors for Children and Teachers by Teacher-Supervised Toothbrushing in Community Child Center (지역아동센터 교사의 칫솔질 지도여부에 따른 아동과 교사의 구강보건행태)

  • Shin, Sun-Jung;Jang, Jung-Yoo;Kim, Chang-Hee
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.572-582
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this research was to compare the oral health behaviors for children and teachers in toothbrushing facilities installed community child center related with teacher-supervised toothbrushing. This research was follow-up study from the Korean Dental Hygienists Association third project '2010 program of making of the diamond tooth'. 266 child support teachers were invited and 201 were included in the study (response rate: 75.6%). Statistical analysis conducted using PASW ver. 18.0 for Windows. The difference on the distribution of independent variables related with teacher-supervised toothbrushing was verified with chi-square test. The results of this research could be summarized as follows: The children in the teacher-supervised toothbrushing community child center, the practice rate of toothbrushing was higher than the children in the non-supervised toothbrushing community child center (p<0.05). Teachers offered children one of snacks and drinks per day independently of teacher-supervised toothbrushing (p>0.05). Most of participated teachers accepted to be responsible for oral health of children (73.4%) and demanded that improve facilities for a toothbrushing in community child center (77.2%). In conclusion, this study suggests that a programme of daily teacher-supervised toothbrushing can be effectively targeted into community child center.

A Study on Neurosis According to Experience of Sexual Abuse among Female High School Students in Taegu (대구지역 여고생들의 성(性)적 학대 경험에 관련된 신경증에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Hyung-Bae;Kim, Jin-Sung;Jang, Sang-Ruyl;Rho, Tae-Yong;Suh, Hye-Soo;Kim, Chang-Su;Lee, Kwang-Hun;Kim, Young-Uck
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.113-123
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    • 1995
  • This study was intended to identify the neurotic traits related to sexual abuse in female high school students. The Neurosis Scale of Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire was conducted to 320 female high school students in Taegu, Korea from July 10 to July 17, 1994. The results were as follows: 1) The sexual abuse victim group showed significantly higher neurotic traits of Free floating anxiety (p<0.05), Phobic(p<0.01), Obsession(p<0.01), Somatic(p<0.05), Depression(p<0.01) than the control group. 2) The Neurotic traits of Somatic(p<0.01), Depression(p<0.01), Hysteric(p<0.01) were higher in the multiple-abused than the single-abused. 3) When the duration of being abused was concerned, subjects with more than 1 year duration had significantly higher neurotic traits of Obsession(p<0.05), Somatic(p<0.05), Depression(p<0.05) than subjects with less than 1 year duration. 4) The neurotic traits of Phobic, Somatic, Depression were significantly higher in the subjects with higher intensity of sexual abuse than with lower intensity. S) Among 68 victims, 31 girls(45%) were assaulted by strangers, 10(14%) were by relatives, 7(10.3%) were by siblings, 6(8.8%) were by neihbors. Among them, 34 girls(50%) bad counselling or psychotherapy and the people to whom they had sought for help were friends(23 girls; 68%), parents (7 girls; 11.7%) and mental health professonals (2 girls; 5.9%).

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An Elementary School Children Screen Test for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Taegu City (대구지역 국민학교 어린이의 주의력 결핍 과잉 운동 장애 경향에 대한 선별 검사)

  • Park, Hyung-Bae;Kim, Jin-Sung;Jang, Sang-Ruyl;Park, Sung-Chan;Suh, Hye-Sao;Lee, Kwang-Hun;Kim, Young-Uck;Kim, Chang-Su
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.56-74
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    • 1995
  • The authors applied ADDES-HV parent evaluation scale for the purpose of screening test to 538 2nd grade elementary school students from March 1994 to May. The results were as follows: There was no differences in scores of ADHD between schools. In comparing the male and female between three school students, male students showed signifieant high scores (p<0.05) than female students in the score of ADDES-HV subscale and total. There was no significant differences in ADDES-HV scale between male students and female students in both ADHD patients and normal controls. In reliability test for test and retest, the reliability coefficient was higher satisfatorily and that of inattention was 0.80, inpulsivity was 0.69, hyperactivity was 0.63 and the total score was 0.82. In reliability test by internal consistancy, the Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient of patient group was 0.85(p<0.05) and that of normal control was 0.84(p<0.05). The Concurrent validity between ADDES-HV scale and DSM-III-R scale was 0.57(p<0.05) in ADHD patient group and 0.84(p<0.05) in normal control group. In discriminant validity test between ADHD patient group and normal control, the ADHD patient group showed higher score(p<0.05). The total disciminant capacity of the patient group in ADDES-HV scale was 94.44%. When we regard the cut off point as standard deviation 1.5, the male student was 80 score and the female student was 69 score. In this point of view, ADDES-HV scale was proved to be the useful screening test tool for ADHD research and showed higher reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects.

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The Effect of Economic Status of Single-Parent famillies on Children's School Adjustment Mediating effects of neglectful rearing attitudes and mental health, Multi-Group Analysis on two-parent famillies (한부모가족의 경제적 수준이 자녀의 학교적응에 미치는 영향: 방임적 양육태도와 정신건강의 매개효과 및 양부모가족과의 다집단 분석)

  • Kim, Hyeon Suk
    • Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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    • no.54
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    • pp.297-331
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating roles of neglectful rearing attitudes and mental health in the relationship between economic status of single-parent famillies and school adjustment, and the differences between single-parent and two-parent families, using structural equation modeling. Data were obtained from the Middle School 1 Panel(third-wave) of the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey 2010. This study selected 2,195 middle school 3th-grade students (249 from single-parent families and 1,946 from two-parent families). Data were examined with structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis using AMOS 21.0, and mediating effects were tested using the Sobel test. The results were as follows; First, the single-parent children reported lower levels of economic status and school adjustment, and higher levels of neglectful rearing attitudes than the two-parent children. Second, multi-group analysis showed a statistically significant difference between single-parent and two-parent in structural equation modeling. Economic status of two-parent famillies affected school adjustment of children, but economic status of single-parent famillies did not affect school adjustment of children. Third, as a result of examining for total effect, the variable that most influenced school adjustment of children was neglectful rearing attitudes. Fourth, neglectful rearing attitudes and mental health did play a mediating role in the relationship between economic status and school adjustment in case of two-parent famillies, but neglectful rearing attitudes and mental health did not play a mediating role in case of single-parent famillies. Based on the result, this study stressed the following; First, the study suggested that problem of the single-parent famillies supporting standard which is concentrated on the low income single-parent famillies. Second, the study proposed multifaceted support measures which reflects characteristics of single-parent famillies to increase school adjustment of the single-parent children.

Confucians Funeral Rituals during the mid-Joseon Dynasty Lee Mun Geon'Mourning beside His Mother's Grave (이문건 시묘살이를 통해 본 조선중기 유자(儒者)의 상례(喪禮) 고찰)

  • Cho, Eun-suk
    • Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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    • no.33
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    • pp.153-184
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    • 2016
  • This study investigates the funeral rituals practiced by the Joseon Dynasty as recorded about Lee Mun Geon (1494~1567, a.k.a Mukjae), who mourned by the grave of his deceased mother, Ms. Shin (1463~1535), a woman whose family's origin was Goryeon. The study focuse on the rituals performed by Lee after his mother's death, his participation in the funeral, and his mourning specifically as an individual who has lost his parent. Reviewing Lee's mourning life beside the grave, the contents of diary belonging to a nobleman in the middle of Joseon Dynasty were studied aimsing to find out the meaning of rituals, the overall recognition accorded to death, and the filial duties that were carried out by the noblemen of the time. Although noblemen in the middle of Joseon Dynasty ceaselessly attempted to change the observance of funeral rituals through legislation, it was difficult to change the mindset of the people, who fllowed the deep-rooted traditions of long history. It must be acknowledged that the Joseon Dynasty had a different cultural background than that of China. There was a fundamental problem when they tried to adapt The Family Rituals of Zhu Xi, followed by the Chinese, to the Joseon society. Although The Family Rituals of Zhu Xi emphasized ancestral rites focusing on enshrining mortuary tablets and the importance of establishing the family shrine hundred times, noblemen in the mid-Joseon Dynasty period cared for their parents in the grave by mourning for them than by following such practice. The solemn memorial service held in front of the grave, and the annual ritual service on the death anniversary were far more important to the noblemen in the mid-Joseon Dynasty. Amid such contradictions, the noblemen accepted and performed the mourning rituals beside the grave of their parent. Human beings across the ages have always dwelt upon thoughts of the afterlife. Most people believe that they attain a state after the death of their physicalbody. If humans did not have such thoughts, they would not be bothered if death occurs on being hit by a car on the street. Thus, human beings often think of the ritual services related to death, although in different forms. Therefore, mourning by the grave of their parent held great significance among the noblemen of the Joseon Dynasty as a sign of their filial piety.

Differences of Obstetric Complications and Clinical Characteristics between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability (자폐스펙트럼장애와 지적 장애의 산과적 합병증 및 임상적 특성의 차이)

  • Lee, Seul Bee;Kim, Ji Yong;Chung, Hee Jung;Kim, Seong Woo;Im, Woo Young;Song, Jung-Eun
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.165-173
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : Since the awareness of autism spectrum disorders(ASD) is growing, as a result, it is increasing numbers of infants and toddlers being referred to specialized clinics for a differential diagnosis and the importance of early autism spectrum disorders detection is emphasized. This study is to know the difference between ASD and intellectual disability(ID) from comparison of the demographics, clinical characters and obstetric complications. Methods : The participants are 816 toddlers who visited the developmental delay clinic(DDC) in National Health Insurance Ilsan hospital. The number of toddlers diagnosed as ASD and ID was 324 and 492. 75 toddlers out of 114 who returned to DDC were diagnosed as ID at the first visit but 7 of them had changed diagnosis to ASD at the second visit. After compared ASD with ID from the first visit, we analyzed characters of toddlers who had the changed diagnosis to ASD at the second visit. Results : As a result, the comparison between ASD and ID at the first visit shows that the boys have higher ratio, lower obstetric complication and lower language assessment score in ASD. The toddlers who had the changed diagnosis at the second visit were all boys and they had more cases of family history of developmental delay and had lower score of receptive language developmental quotient. Conclusions : These findings suggest that sex, language characteristics and obstetric complication could be useful in the early detection of ASD.