• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2004.07d
• /
• pp.2251-2253
• /
• 2004

본 논문은 선형 행렬 부등식 기반의 디지털 재설계 기법의 점근적 성질을 논의한다. 이를 위하여 델타 작용소를 기반한 디지털 재설계 기법을 제안한다. 샘플링 주기의 감소에 따른 재설계된 디지털 제어기의 성능회복을 증명한다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2007

The practical design method on sandmat uses a drain length, rate of consolidation settlement and permeability of sand as a major design factors. And, on the basis of this design process, it has been installed beneath the embankment with same thickness. However, the possibility the underestimation on the thickness of sandmat and the delayed drain have been pointed out by several authors caused by a differential settlement at the center and the end of embankment. In this study, therefore, the effect of the differential settlement on the thickness of sandmat and delayed drain through the numerical analysis of embankment was analyzed. As a result, a substantial sandmat thickness becomes small and the possibility of the delayed drain can be certified because of the development of differential settlement at the center and ends of embankment. As a countermeasure to overcome this problem, the applicability of the mound type sandmat was also investigated by the numerical method. It can be concluded that it maintains the designated substantial sandmat thickness throughout consolidation process, and is useful method to maintain the drain capacity. Especially, the mound type sandmat is effective method for a construction site where can cause a differential settlement such as embankment. Furthermore, it has to be designed on the basis of the accurate prediction of consolidation settlement as well as rate of consolidation settlement, drain length and permeability of sand.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.345-352
• /
• 2004

We investigated the effect of age at initial correction, of 44 refractive amblyopic patients duration of correction on corrected visual acuity with the lapse of time for mean 33months(3months-59months). Full cycloplegic corrections were prescribed at the initial visit to all subjects. The distribution of initial corrected visual acuity was 0.02 to 0.5. Age at initial correction varied from 3 years to 12 years. The refractive error appeared to have the greatest influence on the visual outcome, showing continuous visual improvement after initial correction. But the age at initial correction did not appear to influence on the initial and final corrected visual acuity showed a significant difference, irrespective of age at the initial correction Or degree of anisometropia.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.481-491
• /
• 2003

This study aims at generating a continuous map by coordinates transformation between cadastral maps with different surveying origins. The continuous cadastral map is useful in various fields of GIS. For this purpose, an experimental study was conducted at Osan-Si, Kyonggi Province in cooperation with related institutions. In this study, three control point zone, large, medium, and small zone were to!;ted. For each control point, the currently used data were compared with the data at the surveyed time. About coordinate transformation method, we tested Helmert, Affine, and Polynomial methods which are the most representative among 2-dimensional coordinate transformations. These three transformation methods were evaluated according to variation of transformed parcel shape and agreement with neighboring areas. As the result of the evaluation, Affine transformation in large zone is the most appropriate coordinate transformation method fer Osan-Si.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.123-123
• /
• 2023

하천이 바다와 만나는 하구(河口, estuary)지역은 조위의 영향을 강하게 받아 하천 수위의 낙폭이 크고, 하상(河床)의 변동 또한 심하다. 때문에 이러한 감조구간은 홍수위 산정에 있어서도 일반하천에 비해 보다 세심한 주의가 요구된다. 우리나라 4대강 중 한강을 제외한 낙동강, 금강 및 영산강은 하구언 설치로 인해 이미 하구로서의 기능을 상실한 상황이다. 반면 한강 하류 구간은 북한과의 접경지역이라는 지리적, 상황적 특수성으로 인해 하구언 설치가 불가능하였기에 지금까지 감조상태를 유지하고 있다(Park and Baek, 2017). 지금까지 계획홍수위 산정시 일반하천이든 감조하천이든 간에 그 고유의 특성을 고려치 않고 정상-부등류(steady-nonuniform flow) 모의를 하는 것이 일반적인 관례이었다. 하지만 2018년 개정된 하천설계기준에 따르면 감조하천 구간에서는 반드시 부정류(unsteady flow) 모의를 수행하도록 규정하고 있다. 이에 따라 2020년 고시된 한강(팔당댐~하구) 하천기본계획(변경) 보고서에는 부정류해석을 통한 홍수위 산정분이 수록되어 있다. 문제는 "한강하구는 서해조석의 영향을 받는 감조하천이기는 하나 계획홍수량 유하시 한강에 미치는 조위의 영향은 미미하므로..."라는 결론을 도출하면서 부정류해석 결과 대신 부등류해석 결과를 계획홍수위로 결정했다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 한강의 종점 유도지점을 기점으로 조석을 하류단 경계조건으로 부여하는 부정류 해석을 수행하여 한강하천기본계획(2020)의 홍수위와 비교하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 산정한 홍수위가 하구에서부터 신곡수중보 하류구간까지는 하천기본계획의 그것과 상당한 차이를 보였다. 한강하류 구간은 계획홍수량 발생시에도 조석의 영향을 받는 감조구간이므로 고시된 계획홍수위의 재검토가 필요해 보인다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.113-117
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study is to survey that uncomfortable feeling of visual acuity in the first wearing glasses, the number of visiting in age, above vision ranging and refractive errors, astigmatism, and anisometropia. Methods: Automatic refraction and naked visual acuity test executed to receive prescription glasses that the man 509 and women's 499 people visited for the first time, among 3~15 years old who visited an ophthalmoiogical hospital, from January to December, 2003. Results: The first wearing glasses started 3 years old and the most cases was 8~9 years old when they were visited visual acuity 0.5 to 0.7 in most cases. Refractive errors appeared 8 years old and its most plentifully with 20.4%, 92.2% was myopia and 5.2% was hyperopia for the man. Also cases of women was 91.9% for myopia and 5.1% for the hyperopia. Spherical equivalent power was S-1.50${\pm}$1.10D and appeared 62.3% for the low myopia. Astigmatism was appeared 44.6% for the with the rule astigmatism and 75% was cylinder power lower than 1.00D. Cases of simple astigmatism need to glass when was cylinder power C-1.37${\pm}$1.01D, and C-0.50D appeared most distribution. More than 2.00D anisometropia appeared 2.3% for the whole subjective. Conclusions: Of the first wearing glasses visual acuity is 0.5~0.7, spherical equivalent power is S-1.50${\pm}$1.10D, cylinder power of simple astigmatism is C-1.37${\pm}$1.01D.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.1102-1106
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 현재 제방 사면에 적용된 자연친화적인 호안공 중 블록공을 대상으로 수리적인 안정성 및 식생 활착성 등을 검토하는 것을 주요 목적으로 하였다. 일반적으로 블록 호안공은 수리적인 안정성을 갖지만, 호안공 배면에 토사유출 방지를 목적으로 부직포를 설치하는데, 이 경우 호안공 두께가 그리 크지 않아 홍수시 또는 인위적인 행위에 의해 호안공이 쉽게 어긋날 우려가 있다. 또한 부직포 위에 호안공을 설치하는 까닭에 마찰이 적어 홍수시 흐름의 소류력에 의해 쉽게 미끄러질 우려가 있으며, 경사면과 부직포 사이로 물이 들어갈 경우 부직포가 배수가 되지 않기 때문에 부직포 배면의 토사는 부분 흘러내림 현상으로 토사 유출에 따른 부등침하와 블록의 내려앉음 현상이 발생되는 우려가 발생된다. 현지조사 결과 블록공 배면에 설치되는 부직포는 식물 뿌리가 뚫고 들어가지 못하므로 식생활착이 불충분함이 나타났다. 따라서 상기 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 수리적인 안정성과 식생 활착을 동시 만족시키는 호안공은 부직포가 설치된 호안공으로서 부직포는 식물 뿌리가 뚫고 들어갈 수 있는 형태이어야 하며, 호안공 공극에 충분한 식생이 활착할 수 있는 면적을 갖는 형태이어야 한다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to help the rapid and effective eye-tests of old patients by developing an optometric questionnaire for the elderly suitable for optical shops in Korea. Methods: We surveyed several previous studies about the age-related changes of the eye, and deduced 10 items which were appropriate for optometric eye-tests. Excluding the items that could be easily found in a routine eye-test and that was just physiological changes, we principally chose anomaly items which could be catched by simple oral questions. The questionnaire was mainly composed of clinically important items that were frequently observed. Results: To diagnose optometric symptoms related to eye-aging, we listed 15 questions on the questionnaire for the elderly. Each of the 15 questions was respectively about the decline in the amplitude of accommodation (no.1), anisometropia (no.2), xerophthalmia (no.3), muscae volitantes (no.4-5), dark adaptation (no.6) light and dark adaptation (no.7), contrast sensitivity (no.8), contrast sensitivity and anisometropia (no.9), contrast sensitivity and colour vision (no.10), the field of view (no.11), stereoscopic vision (no.12), colour vision (no.13), cataract (no.14), and presbyopia (no.15). Each question was easy to understand and related to the generally observed symptoms. Conclusions: Our optometric questionnaire for the elderly, which was developed by the procedure mentioned above, was expected to be a help for examining the aging eye and offer the basis of eye-tests of older patients in Korean optical shops.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.737-741
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 2011년 7월 27일 집중호우로 인한 서울시 우면산 산사태 지역을 대상으로 뿌리의 보강효과와 분포형 습윤지수를 고려한 GIS기반의 무한사면안 해석기법을 이용하여 사면안정해석을 실시하였다. 사면안정해석을 위한 지형 지질학적 매개변수는 수치지도, 정밀토양도 및 임상도(임상도와 영급도)로부터 추출하여 $10m{\times}10m$ 해상도의 공간분 포형 데이터베이스로 변환하였다. 또한, 분포형 습윤지수의 산정을 위한 비집수면적(specific catchment area)은 무한방향흐름 기법(IFD, infinity flow direction)을 이용하여 결정하였으며, 모형의 입력 강우자료는 서울시 서초와 남현 AWS의 산사태 발생초기와 종기시의 평균 일강우량을 적용하였다. 대상유역의 사면안정해석을 위해 격자별 안전률은 4개의 등급(unstable, quasi stable, moderately stable, stable)으로 구분하여 도시하였다. 산사태 발생인자별 분석결과, 무한사면안정해석기법을 이용하여 산정된 사면안전률은 사면경사에 매우 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 거주지 주변의 절개지 부근과 산지정상부근의 급경사지에서 불안정 지역이 집중적으로 분포하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2014

Angular distortion due to differential settlement is one of the critical factors which influences on the stability and serviceability of a structure. The angular distortion criterion proposed by Bjerrum is generally used in practice. However, the measurement system used in field especially a road embankment site did not properly represent the angular distortion of a structure. The problem was related to the shortage and not proper installation of measurement gauges, and the incorrect understanding of the basic concept of angular distortion in interpretation of measurement data. These things were reveled by analyzing the measured data in the road embankment site. An improved measurement system has been suggested as a so-called "relative displacement measurement system" between columns with automatic measurement.