• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.379-385
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• 2012

In this paper, the stability and stabilization problems for marine vessels including surface and underwater vehicles are described. In the marine vessels, there are many and strong nonlinear parameters. These give hard design process and difficulties to us. In this article, at first we make a descriptor system representation as a controlled system to preserve the physical parameters of the system as it is. And we propose a new stability and stabilizability conditions based on the quadratic stabilization approach which gives a solution for the unreasonable problems produced by added mass. That is, the proposed conditions are not interfered with the nonsymmetric matrix constraint. And the stability condition is given by an matrix inequality such that it makes us to obtain a solution easily for something.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2013

The concept of the natural frequency is useful for understanding the characters of oscillating systems. However, when a circular cylinder floating horizontally on the water surface is heaving, due to the hydrodynamic forces, the system is not governed by the equation like that of the harmonic one. In this paper, in order to shed some lights on the more correct use of the concept of the natural frequency, a problem of the heaving circular cylinder is analyzed in the frequency domain. Previously, it was thought that the theory of Ursell (1949) could not be used to get the added mass and wave-making damping for short waves, however, they were obtained by applying an accurate collocation method to the theory in this study. Using the so developed numerical method, we found the added mass and wave-making damping of the circular cylinder for the entire range of the frequency. Then, the MCFR(Modulus of Complex Frequency Response) was used to locate the frequency corresponding to the local maximum of MCFR and we define it as the natural frequency. Comparing our results with the previous investigation, we found that the pressure distribution on the cylinder gets close asymptotically to that of a cylinder in infinite fluid OR close to that of the cylinder, that the approximation of the natural frequency by Lee (2008) is different from our new value only by 0.64%, and that the approximation of the heaving system by an equivalent damped harmonic oscillation is not proper by the reason that is clearly shown from the comparison of the shape of the corresponding MCFRs.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

Following the previous works on the natural frequency of heaving circular cylinder, i.e. Lee and Lee (2013) and Kim and Lee (2013), an investigation of the same spirit on the 2-dimensional cylinder of Lewis form has been conducted. As before, the natural frequency is defined as that corresponding to the local maximum of the MCFR (Modulus of Complex Frequency Response), which is given by the equation of motion in the frequency domain analysis. Hydrodynamic coefficients were found by using the Ursell-Tasai method, and numerical results for them were obtained up to much higher frequencies than before, for which the method was known as numerically unstable in the past. For a wide range of H, the beam-draft ratio, and ${\sigma}$, the sectional area coefficient, including their practical ranges for a ship, results for the natural frequency were computed and presented in this work. Two approximate values for the natural frequency, one proposed by Lee (2008) and another one by the damped harmonic oscillator, were also compared with the current results, and for most cases it was observed that the current result is between the two values. Our numerical results showed that the values of the local maximum of MCFR as well as the natural frequencye increase as ${\sigma}$ increases while H decreases. At present, extension of the present finding to the 3-dimensional ship via the approximate theory like the strip method looks promising.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.224-231
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• 2013

The concept of the natural frequency is useful for understanding the characters of oscillating systems. However, when a circular cylinder floating horizontally on the water surface is heaving, due to the hydrodynamic forces, the system is not governed by the equation like that of the harmonic one. In this paper, in order to shed some lights on the more correct use of the concept of the natural frequency, a problem of the heaving circular cylinder is analyzed in the time domain. The equation of motion, an integro-differential equation, was derived following the fashion of Cummins (1962), and its coefficients including the retardation function were obtained using the numerical solution of Lee (2012). The equation was solved numerically, and the experiment was also carried out in the CNU flume. Using our numerical and experimental results, the natural frequency was defined as its average value given by the motion data excluding those of the initial stage. Our results were then compared with those of the existing investigations such as Maskell and Ursell (1970), Ito (1977) and Yeung (1982) as well as the newly obtained results of Lee (2012). Comparison showed that the natural frequency obtained here agrees well with that of Lee (2012), which was found through the frequency domain analysis. It was also shown that the approximation of heaving motion by a damped harmonic oscillation, which was regarded as suitable by most previous investigators, is not physically suitable for the reason that can be clearly shown through comparing the shape of MCFRs(Modulus of Complex Frequency Response). Furthermore, we found that although the previous approximations yield the damping ratio significantly different from our result the magnitude of natural frequency is not much different from our result.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 1994

The source and source/dipole distribution methods using 3-dimensional panel method have been widely used for ship motion analysis. When these methods are used, large errors in the predicted hydrodynamic coefficients are introduced around the irregular frequencies caused by the resonance of imaginary internal flow. Therefore, the irregular frequencies need to be removed for an accurate prediction of ship motion. This paper adopts 3-dimensional translating and oscillating Green function derived by Wu. The adaptive integration method, stretching transform and stationary phase method are used for the calculation of the calculation of Green function and the integral equation is derived by distributing the Green function n ship surface and inner free-surface. The condition of zero normal velocity, that is, wall condition on inner free-surface has been successfully used for the removal of irregular frequencies in oscillating problems. The calculations are carried out for series 60($C_B=0.7$) vessel and the results are compared with those of other theoretical analyses and experiment.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2017

As the motion response of heave for floating bodies on the water surface is relatively large near the natural frequency, it is necessary to predict its value accurately from the stage of initial design. Bodies accelerating in fluid experience force acted upon by the fluid, and this force is quantified by using the concept of added mass. For predicting the natural frequency of heave we need to know the added mass, which is given as a function of frequency, and hence the natural frequency can be obtained through only by iteration process, as was pointed out by Lee (2008). His method was applied to circular cylinders, and two dimensional cylinders of Lewis form by making use of the Ursell-Tasai method in the previous works, Lee and Lee (2013), Kim and Lee (2013), and Song and Lee (2015). In this work, a similar algorithm employing the concept of strip method is adopted for predicting the heave natural frequency of KCS(KRISO Container Ship), and the obtained computational result was compared with other existing experimental data, and the agreement seems reasonable. Furthermore, through the error analysis, it is shown that why the frequency corresponding to the local minimum of the added mass and the natural frequency are very close. And it seems probable that we can predict the heave natural frequency if we know only the local minimum of added mass and the corresponding frequency under a condition, which holds for ship-like bodies in general.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.285-295
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• 2020

In the case of small observation towers located at sea, it is necessary to confirm the change in dynamic characteristics due to the influence of environmental loads. In this study, the dynamic characteristics were analyzed and the numerical analysis model was designed through field dynamic response measurement on the Mangyeong Offshore Observation Tower (Mangyeong Tower) located near the Saemangeum Embankment. As a result of the measurement, the natural frequency was found to increase slowly as the tide level is lowered. In addition, it was confirmed that the same mode has two frequencies, which was judged to be a phenomenon in which the natural frequency was partially increased when the pile and the ground contacted by scouring. For numerical analysis, the upper mass, artificial fixity point, scour depth and fluid influences are reflected in the structural characteristics of the Mangyeong Tower. In addition, the model updating from the estimated natural frequency and pattern search algorithm was performed. From the model updating, it is expected that it can be applied to future studies on stability of Mangyeong Tower.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.21-29
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• 1996

A piezoresistive silicon acceleration sensor with 8 beams, utilized by an unique silicon micromachining technique using porous silicon etching method which was fabricated on the selectively diffused (111)-oriented $n/n^{+}/n$ silicon subtrates. The width, length, and thickness of the beam was $100\;{\mu}m$, $500\;{\mu}m$, and $7\;{\mu}m$, respectively, and the diameter of the mass paddle (the region suspended by the eight beams) was 1.4 mm. The seismic mass on the mass paddle was formed about 2 mg so as to measure accelerations of the range of 50g for automotive applications. For the formation of the mass, the solder mass was loaded on the mass paddle by dispensing Pb/Sn/Ag solder paste. After the solder paste is deposited, Heat treatment was carried out on the 3-zone reflow equipment. The decay time of the output signal to impulse excitation of the fabricated sensor was observed for approximately 30 ms. The sensitivity measured through summing circuit was 2.9 mV/g and the nonlinearity of the sensor was less than 2% of the full scale output. The output deviation of each bridge was ${\pm}4%$. The cross-axis sensitivity was within 4% and the resonant frequency was found to be 2.15 KHz from the FEM simulation results.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2011

Rectangular box type structures are used in many fields of civil, mechanical and marine engineering. Especially, Most ship structures are often in contact with inner or outer fluid, like ballast, fuel and stem tanks. Fatigue damages are sometimes observed in these tanks which seem to be caused by resonance with exciting force of engine and propeller. Vibration characteristics of these thin walled tanks in contact with fluid near engine and propeller are strongly affected by added mass of containing fluid. Therefore it is essentially important to estimate the added mass effect to predict vibration of the tanks. Many authors have studied vibration of rectangular tanks containing fluid. Few research on dynamic interaction among tank walls filled with fluid are reported in the vibration of rectangular tanks recently. In case of rectangular tanks, structural coupling between adjacent panels and effect of vibration modes of multiple panels on added mass of water have to be considered. In the previous report, a numerical analysis is performed for the coupling effect between panels of a tank on added mass of containing fluid, the effect of structural constraint between panels on each vibration mode for fluid region, and mode characteristics in accordance with changing breadth of the plates by using finite element method for plates and boundary element method for fluid region. In this paper, the coupling effect between panels of a tank on added mass of containing fluid, the effect of structural constraint between panels on each vibration mode for fluid region, and mode characteristics in accordance with changing length, thickness, and boundary condition of the plates are investigated numerically and discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.361-368
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• 2016

A ship's rolling motion can make crew and passengers sick and/or apply forces to the structure that cause damage.. Therefore bilge keels are equipped in most ships for anti-rolling. In special cases, anti-rolling tanks (ARTs), fin stabilizers, or gyroscopes can be installed. However, ARTs require a large area to install, and fin stabilizers and gyroscopes are costly to install and expensive to operate. This paper suggests a Anti-rolling pendulum (ARP) to reduce roll motion. ARPs acts like ARTs. However, the ARP has a circular shaped guidance arc instead of the string or wire of a simple pendulum. The device suggested has about 1/ 8 the weight and 1/ 6 the volume of a ART and is more effective. This study derives the nonlinear and linear differential equations of system motion.