• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.292-297
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• 2007

Purpose : Kawasaki disease (KD) rarely occurs in school-aged children. We clarified the characteristics of KD in this age group to provide tips for a high index of suspicion. Methods : Features of 38 patients with KD who were 7 years of age or older were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The incidence of the KD patients ${\geq}7years$ was 4.9 percent. The ratio of male to female was 2.5:1. Of the 38 patients, nine patients (24.0 percent) were diagnosed with typical KD and 29 patients (76.0 percent) with incomplete KD. In incomplete KD patients, cervical lymphadenopathy (69.0 percent) occurred most frequently, followed by conjunctival injection (62.0 percent) and polymorphous rash (45.0 percent). These patients occasionally presented with other additional symptoms including abdominal pain, headache, vomiting and arthralgia. Incomplete KD was initially diagnosed as cervical lymphadenitis (34.0 percent), viral infection (14.0 percent), scarlet fever (7.0 percent), meningitis (7.0 percent), and Kikuchi disease (7.0 percent). Coronary complications were noted in 15 patients (39.0 percent). Of the 37 patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, five (14.0 percent) were resistant to the therapy and all had coronary abnormalities. Conclusion : Most patients with KD ${\geq}7years$ of age have incomplete presentations. They tend to have a higher incidence of initial presentations of unilateral neck mass and coronary artery involvement. In school-aged children, fever and cervical lymphadenitis or suspected neck infection unresponsive to intravenous antibiotics should signal the possibility of KD. A high index of suspicion and prompt treatment is essential in this age group of patients.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1993

Antibody test is sometimes necessary for the diagnosis of acute human metagonimiasis because eggs may not be detected in stool. The antibody test (ELISA) was evaluated for its significance by reacting human sera from clinically diagnosed metagonimiasis, fascioliasis, clonorchiasis and paragonimlasis with 4 crude extracts of Metosonimn vokognwai (metacercariael , adults of Fosciola hepatica Cronorchis sinenis and Paragonimus westermoni. By ELISA, 10 of 11 metagonimlasis sera showed the highest absorbance (abs.) to the homologous antigen. Cross reactions to M. yokogawai antigen occurred most frequently in clonorchiasis sera. The antigenic protein fractions in M. vokogawai metacercarial extract were observed by SDS-PAGElimmunoblot using patients and control sera together with experimental cat sera. Out of 14 protein bands In the extract, 11 bands were reacting. Cross reacting bands to other trematodiasis sera were frequently observed. Of the reacting bands, 66 and 22 kDa proteuls were recognized as specific for metagonimiasis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2010

Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangiomas are benign, extremely rare tumors. Although surgical resection is the treatment of choice, sclerotherapy should be considered initially. A 9-year-old boy was admitted due do worsening abdominal pain of 4 days duration. Serial complete blood counts revealed a hemoglobin level of 12.8 g/dL on admission to 10.6 g/dL on hospital day 3. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large, lobulated, septated, retroperitoneal cystic mass ($10{\times}9.5{\times}5cm$) in the left anterior pararenal space with intracystic hemorrhage surrounding the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV). Because of the high operative risk, we performed a tubogram of the cystic mass, percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD), and ethanol sclerotherapy. The follow-up abdominal CT scan showed that the cystic mass had decreased in size. He is well without relapse of the retroperitoneal cystic mass for 13 months after discharge. Sclerotherapy with PCD should be considered as initial therapy for patients with retroperitoneal cystic lymphangiomas at high surgical risk.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 2007

Purpose : $Henoch-Sch\ddot{o}nlein$ Purpura(HSP) is a self-limited systemic small vessel vasculitis, however, renal involvement is considered to contribute to the outcome of this disease. Therefore, identifying the renal risk factors in HSP and prevention of renal involvement are important. The aim of this study is to investigate whether early steroid administration in HSP could reduce the rate of renal involvement. Methods : We retrospectively studied two hundred children with HSP. We had administrated steroids orally to resolve of severe abdominal pain, joint and scrotal symptoms. We analyzed the relationship between the steroid therapy to relieve systemic symptoms and the subsequent renal involvement in HSP. Results : There were no significant differences in the incidence and duration of renal involvement according to steroid administration and its duration. In HSP patients with renal manifestations, steroid administration group showed a tendency of hematuria and steroid non-administration group showed a tendency of proteinuria, however, we could not find statistically significant differences in each group. There was no significant difference in the duration of purpura presence according to steroid administration. However, persistent purpura increased the incidence and the duration of renal involvement. Conclusion : Early steroid administration did not reduce the risk of renal involvement, there-fore, steroid could not prevent delayed nephritis in children with HSP On the other side, Persistent Purpura, known to be not related to steroid therapy, was associated with renal involvement. We suggest that early steroid administration could not be useful in preventing the renal involvement in HSP. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2007;11:185-194)

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2009

Background/aim : Gallbladder stone is the most common disease of biliary tract. It is lead to acute abdominal pain. The cholecystitis which is caused by in gallbladder stone occurs frequently and the possibility of the gallbladder cancer comes to be high. Our study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors gallbladder stone in a population who community. Materials and Methods : We enrolled a total of 826 (male : 297, female : 529) persons who 60 or older in Jeju-do 10 places from 2008 July one months. The height, weight, liver function tests, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, were all measurement. They had their gallbladder examined with using ultrasonography. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value less than 0.05. Results : Among 826 persons, gallbladder stone was found in 49 persons (5.9%). The male is 6.1% and the female is 5.8%, the male 1.03 times appeared more highly the female. The body mass index above of 23.0 kg/$m^2$ with the gallbladder stone was 69.3% (p<0.047). Conclusion : The gallbladder stone appeared highly according to age increases. The obesity is the risk factor of gallbladder stone. The weight management and diet control is a possibility of reducing a gallbladder stone creation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2004

Objective : Acupuncture has been used for treatment of numerous disorders, especially for pain control in Oriental Medicine. However, the mechanism of pain control by acupuncture was not clear until now. This study was performed to prove analgesic mechanism of acupuncture treatment at acupoint $ST_{36}$ by observing the changes of abdominal pain and c-Fos expression in the thalamus. Methods : Abdominal pain was induced by acetic acid, and the changes of writhing reflex after acupuncture treatment on $ST_{36}$ and non-acupoints were measured. c-Fos immunohistochemistry was also performed to study the changes of the neuronal activity in the thalamus. Results : The writhing reflex decrease significantly after acupuncturing at $ST_{36}$ compared with control group(p<0.05). The changes of the writhing reflex by non-acupoint acupuncture treatment also showed significant decrease compared with control group(p<0.05). c-Fos expression in the thalamus, especially periventricular part was significantly decreased after acupuncturing as $ST_{36}$ compared with control groups(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study shows that the acupuncture has the analgesic effect in the abdominal pain induced by acetic acid and the thalamus might be a important area for this mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.855-863
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• 1999

To develop new natural antioxidants, antioxidative activity of ethanol (75%) extracts from 50 edible or medicinal plants were examined on lard and palm oil by Rancimat method ($120^{\circ}C$, 20 L/hr). The extracts from Rhus verviciflua STOKES showed comparatively strong antioxidative activity on test. Of the solvents used for extraction, chloroform extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. AI (antioxidant index: induction period of oil containing extract/induction period of control oil) of chloroform extract was higher than that of commercial antioxidant, such as BHT, BHA and ${\delta}-tocopherol$. Free phenolic acid fraction (200 ppm) of the chloroform extract from 75% EtOH extract of Rhus verniciflua STOKES (RCF) showed stronger activity than that of BHT, BHA, and ${\delta}-tocopherol$ at the same concentration. RCF-11 and RCF-13 fractions separated by silicagel column chromatography from the RCF showed stronger activity than other fractions by the Rancimat method.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 2007

Colorectal carcinomas are extremely rare in childhood and adolescence; however, the colon is the most common site of a gastrointestinal carcinoma. Mucin secreting adenocarcinomas with signet ring formation is the most common type of colon cancer identified in children. An 11-year-old boy had abdominal pain and weight loss for three months, back pain and left thigh pain for two months, and hematochezia for four days. Colonoscopy showed an annular mass in the sigmoid colon and the histopathology revealed a signet ring cell carcinoma. A metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma was suspected from the findings of the bone scan, and confirmed later by a left scalp mass incisional biopsy and a bone marrow biopsy. We report a case of a metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon in a child.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2014

Recently, infant formula products made of caprine milk have gained popularity, mainly because the nutritional composition of caprine milk is similar to that of human milk. In addition, caprine milk is considered to be better than bovine milk in terms of nutrient composition and easier digestion. Compared to bovine milk, caprine milk contains more ${\beta}$-casein, but less ${\alpha}$S1-casein. While the lactose concentration of both bovine and caprine milk is almost the same, a content of total oligosaccharides in caprine milk was approximately five to eight times higher than that in bovine milk. However, as the dairy goat industry in Korea is in a nascent stage of milk production and further processing, many nutritional advantages of caprine milk over bovine milk are not fully conveyed to general consumers. It is recommended that scientific research regarding the nutritional benefits of caprine milk needs to be conducted urgently, owing to the increasing domestic sales of infant formula products made of caprine milk.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.412-415
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to establish a quantitative count method of Vibrio vulnificus cells. Plate count method is often used to count the number of V. vulnificus cells using thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar plate. However, this method is unsuitable for counting V. vulnificus cells due to growth inhibition and cell injuries in TCBS medium. In this study, we suggested a most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) method using alkaline peptone water medium for the quantification of V. vulnificus. This MPN-PCR method showed 2 log higher cell number than TCBS agar plate method. Similar results were also found in the control using, Luria-Bertani agar containing 2% NaCl. Thus, this MPN-PCR method can be used a sensitive method for quantitative count of viable V. vulnificus cells in fish and shellfish samples.