• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.26-36
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the place and location of Gasan around Cheonggyecheon in the Joseon Dynasty, and also to examine the current status of their changes or disappearance in the process of modernization. On top of literature research on old document and maps related to dredging of Cheonggyecheon, the field survey to understand the actual status and location of Gasan was conducted. The study contents are like below. First, through old document and maps related to Cheonggyecheon in the Joseon Dynasty, the contents and records related to Gasan around Cheonggyecheon were selected. Such Gasan were mainly built up by dredging work of branch/streamlet in the era of King Sejong, and also the large-scale dredging during the period of King Yeongjo. Second, the location of Gasan and forest around Cheonggyecheon shown in old maps was understood. With Ogansumun(Five-arched Floodgates) as the center, they were constructed on both hills of Cheonggyecheon inside/outside of the capital city, and its surrounding branches. Third, based on the measures to create a scale map based on Susunjeondo, the location of Gasan on old maps was found on the current map, and then the current status of places expressed as Gasan was surveyed. In the results of the study, even though most of the Gasan built up around Cheonggyecheon in the Joseon Dynasty have disappeared by the urban development performed since the end of 19th century, still, there are some remains left.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.497-497
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• 2016

페루의 Rimac강은 수도인 Rima시를 관통하는 강으로 각종 용수공급 등의 기능을 담당하는 중요한 강이지만 광산, 공장 및 도시 등 점?비점오염원으로 인해 오염이 심각해지고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 Rimac강의 하천복원을 위하여 3단계 수질개선 목표를 설정하고 각 단계별 BOD, TP 및 중금속(Al, As, Cd, Fe) 예측을 수행함으로써 목표달성 가능 평가를 수행하였다. Rimac강 지류인 Rio Santa Eulalia 하천 유입후부터 하구까지 총 57 km를 대상으로 4개의 대구간(Reach), 57개의 소구간(Element)으로 구분하여 QUAL2E 모델을 구축하였다. 2013년을 대상으로 저유량시기(건기)인 12월과 고유량시기(우기)인 1월을 대상으로 BOD, TP, Al, As, Cd, Fe의 모델 재현성을 검토한 결과, Rimac강 하류의 Huaycoloro강 유입이후 BOD, TP가 증가하는 현상을 적절히 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. 중금속은 Romac강 상류와 하류 Huaycoloro강 유입 수질 농도차이가 크지 않아 거리별로 일정한 농도를 나타내는 것으로 모의되었으나 실측정값은 하구로 갈수록 낮아지는 경향이 다소 나타났지만 대체적으로 실측값의 경향을 따르는 것으로 모의되었다. 수질개선 시나리오는 1단계(2016-2018년), 2단계(2019-2021년) 및 최종 3단계(2022-2024년)로 구분하여 저유량시기와 고유량시기의 수질개선 대책에 따른 수질변화를 예측하여 Rimac강 하류의 대표 지점인 La Atargea 취수장 지점에서 목표수질 달성여부를 평가하였다. 저유량시기의 경우, BOD는 1단계 이후 5.9 mg/L에서 목표수질 5.0 mg/L 이하로 농도가 감소되었으며 최종 3단계에 2.2 mg/L로 63.3% 개선하는 것으로 예측되었다. TP는 1단계 25.8% 개선, 3단계는 51.6% 개선되어 목표수질인 0.15 mg/L를 만족하는 것으로 예측되었다. 중금속의 경우 Cd는 당초 수질목표를 만족시키는 상황이었으며 그 외 항목은 Al>As>Fe 순으로 개선효과가 나타났고, 3단계 이후 모두 목표수질을 달성할 것으로 예측되었다. 고유량시기 수질예측 결과, 1단계 BOD, TP는 약 49, 19% 저감효과가 나타났으며 3단계 이후 57, 25%까지 개선되는 것으로 예측되어 목표수질을 만족시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 중금속은 Al이 가장 큰 개선 효과가 나타났으며 3단계에서 77.5%의 개선 효과가 분석되었다. 페루 리막강 유역 수질개선 대책 수립에 따른 수질개선효과 분석 결과, 3단계까지 모든 수질항목의 목표수질 달성이 가능한 것으로 분석되었으나 TP, Al 및 As의 경우에 2단계까지 목표수질 달성이 어려워 더욱 체계적인 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.204-219
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate and analyze the characteristics of the plant community structure of vegetation distributed on the western slope and ridge connecting Mt. Noja to Mt. Gara. This basic research was executed not only to restore and manage forest vegetation, but also to monitor the trend of change in the long term. As a result of classifying the communitise in 86 survey quadrats, the Pinus thunbergii-Platycarya strobilacea comm. and P. thunbergii-P. densiflora comm. were distributed around the lowlands. The Carpinus tschonoskii-Deciduous broad-leaved comm., Styrax japonicus-Deciduous broad-leaved comm., Acer pictum subsp. Mono-Deciduous broad-leaved comm., Deciduous broad-leaved comm., and Zelkova serrata comm. appeared in the valley and all stone areas. Quercus serrata comm., Q. serrata-S. japonicus comm., S. japonicus-Carpinus cordata comm., Euonymus oxyphyllus comm. were classified as being distributed on steep slopes with relatively high altitude. According to the succession trend of the forest, evergreen conifers will be transition to deciduous broad-leaved trees. However, deciduous broad-leaved arboreous forests, such as Carpinus tschonoskii, zelkova serrata, and Acer pictum subsp. Mono, were considered to maintain their current succession stage because not only the stratified structure was developed over about 50 years tree age, but also ecologically stabilized. As environmental factors, it was analyzed that altitude, pH, content of clay and silt, Mg⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺, etc. directly or indirectly affect the distribution of plant communities.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.242-257
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• 2019

The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) stretches two kilometers north and south from the Military Demarcation Line (MDL) of South and North Korea. This area was established as a weapons-free buffer zone when an armistice agreement was signed in 1953. However, there have been several very high-tension military standoffss over the past 65 years. On the South Korean side, civilian access to the Civilian Control Line (CCL) and beyond to the north has been restricted, and natural heritage has been well maintained. Natural heritage is defined as living things, their habitat and non-living things of the ecosystem which deserve to be protected. Research shows that a variety of flora and fauna, their habitat, marshes and geographical structures are found across the DMZ region. Although the DMZ region has not been such a good place for habitat conservation, we can say that this area may be the best location for restoration in terms of its variety of ecosystems and considerable land size. Restoration of course depends on future plans and management policies. This area, including the DMZ and the well-protected north of the CCL, will be the best habitat for endangered species of wild fauna and flora if we classify the various habitat types and create a habitat map. In doing this project, we need to include the estuary of the Han River and the lagoon (brackish water lake) of the East Sea coast. In addition, we must establish long-term plans for conservation and sustainable use and do international scientific research across the DMZ region in collaboration with scientists of South and North Korea and international experts. Mutual cooperation between the two Koreas for investigation and conservation efforts is paramount.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-84
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the value of greenbelts exploring how they can be linked with green infrastructure networks. This research interprets the results of geographical information system (GIS) analysis differently from a conventional approach. The findings of the research are four-fold based on the analysis of the Daejeon Metropolitan Area. First, the most controversial greenbelts are laid on Yuseong-gu because the relaxation of the greenbelts for new housing development has caused outstanding issues since the early 2000s. Decisions on further relaxation or restoration of the greenbelts, which will provide a new direction for the establishment of green infrastructure networks, should be made through accurate environmental assessments. Second, the connected north-south corridors of large cities will affect the greenbelts not only in Daejeon, but also in the entire Chungcheong Provinces, and surrounding local municipalities, which should be considered for the revision of the greenbelt policy. Third, it is expected to experience growing development pressures towards neighboring municipalities due to the ongoing strict greenbelt policy. Among them, the most likely areas are Sejong City to the north and Nonsan to the south, requiring policy measures. Fourth, the value of green infrastructure should be added to current evaluation criteria rather than a binary approach - relaxing or preserving the greenbelts - to be holistically integrated with a metropolitan plan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.350-357
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• 2022

A national park is a place to conserve natural resources and visitors to experience nature, and thus, it is necessary to identify the noise distribution characteristic in the national park and preserve and restore the soundscape. However, most national parks in Korea are exposed to noise, leading to negative perceptions of the national park's soundscape and affecting the ecosystem. Many national parks in other countries have investigated the ecosystem impacts caused by noise and have performed various management to reduce the noise. However, in Korea, there is still a lack of awareness of the effect on the ecosystem, overlooking the need for soundscape management. Therefore, in this study, we developed a noise map of Mudeungsan National Park to investigate the quantitative impact of noise on visitors and the ecosystem. Also, we measured the trail's soundscape to describe a sound grade classification, and the soundscape of main spots in the park was recorded for a year and then analyzed. Finally, the sound resource distribution map was described, which can be used as preliminary data to determine the national park's sound distribution characteristics and manage the soundscape.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 2023

The study aims to provide an academic basis for the preservation and restoration of abandoned paddy wetland and the enhancement of its carbon accumulation function. First, the temporal change of the wetlands was analysed, and a typological classification system for wetlands was attempted with the goal of carbon reduction. The types of wetland were classified based on three variables: hydrological environment, vegetation, and carbon accumulation, with a special attention on the function of carbon accumulation. The types of abandoned paddy wetlands were classified into 12 categories based on hydrologic variables- either high or low levels of water inflow potential-, vegetation variables with either dominance of aquatic plants or terrestrial plants, and three carbon accumulation variables including organic matter production, soil organic carbon accumulation, and decomposition. It was found that the development period of abandoned paddy analyzed with aerial photographs provided by the National Geographic Information Institute happened between 2010 and 2015. In the case of the wetland in Daejeon 1 (DJMN01) farming stopped by 1990 and it appeared to be a similar structure to natural wetlands after 2010 . Over the past 40 years the abandoned paddy wetland changed to a high proportion of forests and agricultural lands. As time went by, such forests and agricultural lands tended to decrease rapidly and the lands were covered by artificial grass and other types of forests.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.23
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• pp.95-109
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• 2016

The background and objective of this study are as follows. Gwangheemun, one of the 4 small gates of Seoul Castle is a space to represent ordinary people and it is a valuable cultural heritage that shows the process of technical transition of fortification technology during Chosun Dynasty. It is a place that we can expect to play a role as a field where history and culture mix and communicate together. But currently, the environment and facilities around Gwangheemun have fallen behind and become old, so they need to be reorganized as their local feature is not shown distinctly. We need to vitalize the new traditional space that shows local feature. This study has drawn out the method, contents and the result of study like as follows. This study aims to establish an identity based on the historical and cultural backgrounds and suggest the contents to vitalize the space of Gwangheemun as a traditional cultural heritage. By this, this study aims to create a historical and cultural space where people can enjoy, eat and look around. Therefore, based on the historical and cultural feature, it gives an identity as moonlight street, and it has developed and suggested 5 contents to vitalize space: Gwangheemun maintenance, plan, castle restoration plan, village inside the castle, village outside the castle and fashion art street. Contents to vitalize space has a meaning as a specific developmen method of urban restoration, and we can expect to be used as a direction to develop the area to enhance the cultural quality of life of both inhabitants and visitors by forming the brand identity of surrounding area with traditional cultural heritage.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2000

To develop the restoration technique from urban planted forest to natural forest, sprout growth and its effects on vegetation composition in the early stage after lumbering, were studied, using only Populus albaglandulosa of the tree layer in Chungdam Park Chungdam-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul during the two years from 1997 to 1998. The results were as follow. After lumbering, the more basal areas of the parent stump, the more sprouts were generated. The basal area of parent stump was related more to biomass than to the number of sprouts. In the cutting area, biomasses of sprouts were 552.7 g?DW/㎡ in first year and 8.7 g?DW/㎡ in second year after lumbering. Therefore, cutting of sprouts in first year resulted in decrease of sprout production in second year. In the non-cutting area, biomass of sprouts was 657.4 g?DW/㎡ and more than that of the experiment. Especially, 2-year sprouts grew to a 304 cm height by the end of the growing season in the second year. The growing season of sprouts was from early April to early September and almost all the leaves of the sprouts remained at the end of the growing season. Specific leaf area decreased along with time elapse and plant height but the differences were not conspicuous. Therefore, it is thought that the reason why p. albaglandulosa sprouts grew fast was due to a long growing period and lower layer leaves which remained at the end of the growing season. In the cutting area of the P. albaglandulosa sprouts, there were no changes in the number of species in the shrub layer but an conspicuous increase in the herb layer. Coverage was no changes in the shrub layer but an increase in the herb layer. In the non-cutting area of P albaglandulosa sprouts, the number of species and the coverage changed a little, and the main species of the herb layer were Phytolacca americana, Eupatorium rugosum and Panicum dichotomiflorum, which are tall plant species.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.88-100
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to analyze the regional effectiveness of wall-plantings by applying a biotope area ratio when wall-plantings are constructed in high density areas. For this, this study required a sample of the wall-planting's regional plan. Therefore, types of wall-planting were determined and applied to a sample site. Four types of wall-plantings were developed by formative features and functional features. Type "A" had simple and functional features, Type "B" had both mixed and functional features, Type "C" had both simple and landscape features and Type "D" had mixed and landscape features. Jung-gu District in Seoul was chosen as the sample site. Total investigations were performed three times for three months from June to August, 2011. Total green-able walls were located in 498 places with a total length of 8,449m and gross vertical area of $23,754.90m^2$. The classification results of total green-able walls by the four types were Type "A" at $1,936.65m^2$, Type "B" at $5,875.30m^2$, Type "C" at $12,487.85m^2$ and Type "D" at $3,455.10m^2$. This study analyzed how all facade areas of the green-able walls impacted the biotope area ratio at the site. First, the biotope area ratio regarding all the zones in Jung-gu District was defined as the gross biotope area ratio while the biotope area ratio regarding all of the artificial zones was defined as the net biotope area ratio. In the case of the gross biotope area ratio, 17.97% is current ration with a projected increase to 0.10% after wall-planting. In the case of the net biotope area ratio, 4.73% is the current ration with a projected increase to 0.11% after wall-planting. This 0.11% is about 2.28% of 4.73%. This study looks at all wall-plantings that have been constructed throughout a high density area to observe their impact on the improvement of ecological function therein. With consideration of the landscape value of the facade, the regional effectiveness of wall-planting is expected to increase even more.