• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2016

To identify the relationship between land use and thermal environment in an urban area, the air temperature was measured at different places of land use, and the changes of land use and air temperature were traced for 40 years in Incheon City. The relationship between land use and temperature was also investigated using satellite image data. The results of temperature measurements on a forest, a cropland (rice paddy), a bareland (school ground), and an urban area (asphalt road) from 19 to 21 August 2014 showed that air temperature was the highest on a pavement road. The temperature increased by about $1.4^{\circ}C$ ($0.035^{\circ}C/year$) for 40 years from 1975 to 2014 in Incheon. The changes in land use patterns of Incheon for the past 40 years showed that urban dry land, bareland and grassland have increased and cultivated land, wetland and forest land have decreased gradually. The land surface temperature (LST) was correlated with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) extracted from Landsat satellite image. The land surface temperature was lower at higher NDVI, and higher at higher NDBI. Therefore, it is important to conserve and restore the land use of greenery, wetlands, and agricultural land in order to mitigate the heat island effect and improve the thermal environment in an urban area.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 2005

This study was aimed at developing an application method of biotope evaluation indexes to secure bird diversity on urban biotope that has high intensity of land use. The main purpose of the study was to plan the effective restoration method of sound urban biotope from the ecological aspects after evaluating the relationship between the biotope evaluation indexes. The biotope area, number of insect species, distance from adjacent road, biotope area index were surveyed on each designated site in order to analyze the evaluation indexes that influenced bird diversity in urban biotope. The analysis of the relationship between biotope evaluation. indexes showed the following results number of bird species and number of insect species > number of bird species and biotope area index > number of insect species and biotope area index, that is, the number of insect species and biotope area index had a specific effect on the bird diversity. The equation derived from the above result is 'number of bird species = 6.124 $\times$ biotope area index + 0.095 $\times$ number. of insect species - 1.197' ($R^2=0.716$, F=27.743, P<0.001). Therefore, even a small area can be helpful for promoting bird diversity in the urban area if the biotope area index and diversity of vertical landscape for insects are maintained.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.495-495
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• 2017

도시화는 불투수면의 증가를 야기 시켜 물순환 왜곡, 다양한 오염 물질의 유입으로 인한 비점오염물질 유출, 인공 배출열의 증가로 인한 도시열섬효과 등 다양한 문제를 유발한다. 이러한 수리수문학적 및 환경생태학적 문제를 저감하기 위하여 도시지역과 같은 개발 사업에서는 수환경을 가능한 자연 상태로 복원하는 저영향개발(Low Impact Development, LID)기법이 중요한 대안으로 제시되고 있다. LID기법 중 하나인 옥상녹화는 에너지 이용을 최소한으로 한 자연 녹음의 효과적인 이용을 도모하여 환경공생도시 조성과 식물을 매개로한 자연 순환 과정을 도시구조에 도입하여 순환 시스템 재생이 가능 하도록한다. 노지녹화는 두꺼운 자연 토양을 이용하는 반면 옥상녹화는 적재하중의 제약(옥상의 적재하중 조건은 $150{\sim}180kgf/m^2$이다. 비중이 1.6~1.8인 토양을 20cm 객토한 경우, 약 $320kgf/m^2 $이상의 적재하중이 되기에 식재기반의 경량화는 중요한 사안이다.)으로 인해 용적밀도가 작은 인공경량토양 또는 개량토양을 이용하며, 토양 두께도 얇게 설정된다. 또한 토양의 두께는 식물의 크기와 종류 및 토양의 조성에 따라 다르기에 적재하중 조건을 고려한 적절한 토양과 식재 식물의 크기와 종류 결정은 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 옥상녹화식생에 대한 평가와 이에 대한 시험 프로세스가 가능한 실험 장치를 개발하였다. 옥상녹화 효율성 검증실험장비는 1m*1m*0.6m 아크릴 재질의 녹화셀로 경사조절이 가능하도록 설계하여 경사변화에 따른 유출, 침투, 증발산량의 탄성도 모의 평가를 할 수 있다. 또한 4점식 형태의 로드셀을 이용하여 녹화셀에서 발생하는 증발산량을 측정하고 관측된 증발산량은 RS-232c 이상의 통신프로토콜을 사용하여 주기적인 관측치의 송수신이 가능하며 주기적 자료송수신 외에도 옥상 녹화셀의 측면에 하중 표시기를 설치하여 관측이 가능하다. 또한 저면에 바퀴설치를 통하여 이동 실험이 용이하며 현재 부산대학교 양산캠퍼스 한국 GI&LID 실증단지 연구센터 내 옥상녹화 실험장에 옥상녹화 효율성 검증 실험 장비를 설치하여 자연 혹은 인공강우를 통한 유출, 침투, 증발산량의 시험계측을 실시중이다. 이러한 옥상녹화 효율성 검증실험장비는 최대 하중 2,000kg, 측정해상도 0.02kg 이상을 허용하는 로드셀과 녹화셀을 이용하여 하중을 고려한 식생의 종류에 따른 평가가 가능하므로 최적 식재기반 단면구조 개발에 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 토양 함수량 변화 측정으로 옥상녹화에 이용되는 다양한 종류의 식물의 염분에 대한 저항성과 식물의 성장능력을 평가하여 녹화공간에 따른 옥상녹화에 사용할 식생을 결정할 수 있다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.284-293
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• 2020

We present a quantitative survey of the carbon storage and absorption capacity of tree species in the vegetation conservation and ecological restoration areas of Bulamsan urban nature park in Nowon-gu, Seoul. The density of the sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima) community in the ecological conservation area is approximately 30 individuals/225 ㎡, while a further 20 species, such as Japanese snowbell (Styrax obassia), galcham oak (Quercus aliena), Asian Sweetleaf (Symplocos chinensis f. pilosa), East Asian ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla), and Korean rhododendron (Rhododendron mucronulatum) are sparsely distributed. In contrast, the ecological restoration sites typically comprised Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica), jolcham oak (Quercus serrata), and East Asian ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla) plantations, with planting densities of 8.3, 7.7, and 14.3 individuals/25 ㎡ , respectively. Approximately 10 species, including Amur maple (Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala), Korean mountain ash (Sorbus alnifolia), Japanese spice bush (Lindera obtusiloba), and Korean rhododendron (Rhododendron mucronulatum) were identified in the ecologically restored area. The total amounts of carbon stored by the trees in the vegetation conservation and ecological restoration sites are 250.77 and 19.3 t C ha-1, respectively, and the total annual carbon uptakes are 10.28 and 2.33 t C ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The survey results are expected to provide important basic data for monitoring the carbon absorption capacity and carbon balance of green areas in the city.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2003

Osancheon creek is located in the southwest of the middle area in Korea. Weed community around the Osancheon creek, where various disturbances exert a bad influence directly on its community by human work or nature, was surveyed phytosocialogically. Our surveys have been accomplished from June, 2003 to September, 2003. Weed communities formed around the Osancheon creek were divided into several patterns and analysed. They have been divided into 8 communities. Community A: Humulus japonica community, B: Phragmites communiscommunity, C: Persicaria thunbergii community, D: Zi=ania latifolia community, E: Miscanthus saccharilflorus community, F: Echinochica crusgalli community, G: Typha orientalis community, H: Sataria viridis community. The flora surveyed in these communities was constituted of 19 families, 36 genera, 4 varieties, and 40 species. Wild plants such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis Erigeron annuus, Bidens frondosa, Aeschynomene indica and Oenothera odorata were mostly light loving plants and higher resistant plants against the disturbance. Our result from the ranking all surveyed areas by the Bray-Curtis ordination method was very similar to the results from phytosocialogical table work.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2007

It was announced that 'making a better wellbeing city program' is a new core quality of life policy of Roh Mu-Hyun government. The policy is comprehended as a sign of regional policy changeover, that give empathize to human ware oriented governance from hard ware oriented physical elements input policies. To be effective, It is important to introduce a institutionalization of dynamic social relations in regional community such as participations of civil society. In the case study of Jinju city, a medium scale city located in southern part of Korean peninsular, Invitation of the innovation city, initiated by the alliance of city government and growth coalition, was making progress. Through alliance of labor unions and citizen associations, the public management of public bus companies were succeeded. But the restoration of historical places were suffered a setback by conflicts of interests with development profits. In these contexts, it is insisted that the core of 'making a better welling being city program is introducing of human ware oriented regional policies, such as institutionalization of citizen associations participation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.421-431
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• 2010

The hydromorphological structure assessment of the urban streams of Anyang stream, Yangjae stream, Osan stream, Jangsu stream, and Hakui stream 5 years the after close to nature stream restoration work was performed using LAWA (Laenderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser) for the investigation of the ecology of streams in urban areas. Based on the results, the effectiveness of stream restoration in urban areas was least in spite that existing various types of stream improvements were applied. Significantly, the grade of the longitudinal, the waterfront, and the use of land nearby waterfront was poorly evaluated. It would be estimated that this trend was due to the discontinuity of the longitudinal, the lack of diversity in waterfront, the installation of facilities nearby waterfront, and was due to the use of hard materials as like stones, blocks, frames, and mats in waterfront. The further studies on the implementation of structural diversity in waterfront should be performed for the improvement of the ecology of urban streams.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-46
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• 1999

In the middle of motorization, the traffic problems become serious social problems in Korea. The walking environment is not only a topic which restores the community spirit of a city or society but also a lever which renovates the future space of the city environment-friendly. Thus, the Purpose of this study is to suggest the new criteria of walkway level of service adopting the concepts of safety. convenience, comfort, environment, security, and continuity in addition to present pedestrian flow rate, and to provide basic data for walkway plan in Korea. In order to analyze the adequacy of the present walkway level of service criteria, the walkways of which service levels were A, C, E according to USHCM were selected as study walkways, and an interview surrey was conducted to compare the three service levels with those that pedestrians evaluate actually. Also, another interview survey was conducted to analyze the service conditions and satisfaction level at the walkways of high service levels(A and B). For the establishment of more reasonable walkway level of service criteria. the survey of pedestrian\`s consciousness for walkway service was conducted. Based on the survey results, the new criteria for the evaluation of walkway service were selected and the six levels of service for each criterion was analyzed: so the comprehensive criteria of walkway level of service were suggested.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.327-331
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• 2009

Covering structures and elevated road of Cheonggyecheon are the by-products of the developing era when functionality and efficiency were emphasized. Historic river restoration project around Cheonggyecheon which had been emerged as a threat to the safety of the citizens due to its corrosion and structural defects as time passes had been performed during the period from July, 2003 through October, 2005 under the slogan of future-oriented urban environment creation. By dint of this river restoration project, its value is being heightened as almost all the rivers of Seoul including Seongbukcheon, Chungreungcheon and Honghaecheon have been arranged by inter-active linkage. In addition, this river is becoming a place frequented by the numerous visitors at home and aborad by providing the citizens with an attractive space for utilizing leisure time. Currently in the diversified areas, an academic research on the Cheonggyecheon restoration is under progress. In this study, sampled questionnaire for the visitors was carried out by site visit with the necessity of users' satisfaction survey in terms of revitalization of pedestrian space of the city street. As a result of this, natural restoration and provision of leisure space were surveyed to be highly assessed in terms of satisfaction and insufficient provision of convenience facilities including toilet and parking space was pointed out as a matter to be improved. As Cheonggyecheon is invigorated from the obstacle of urban environment through its epochal restoration, its value provided to us will be evaluated and by supplementing the deduced problems, we intend to find its meaning in our hope that this would become a sustainable future assets providing a basic data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2021

혼합대는 지표수와 지하수의 수리적 교환이 일어나는 경계부로써 1) 수문학적 관점에서는 하도와 하상간의 물교환이 이루어지는 공간으로 다양한 물리적·화학적 작용이 발생, 2) 생지화학적인 관점에서는 하상 간극수 흐름에 의한 전이대(ecotone)를 형성하여 용존산소·영양물질·용존유기탄소의 이동뿐만이 아니라 지하수로부터 열에너지·무기염류의 공급을 유도하면서 높은 생지화학적 활동과 변환을 야기하는 산화·환원 반응구역, 3) 생태적인 관점에서는 저서생물과 지하 유기체종을 특징으로 하는 서식지이나 잠재적인 레퓨지움(refugium) 등의 관점에서 해석될 수 있다. 국내 하천환경의 생태학적 지속가능성을 위한 지표수-지하수 혼합대 관리에 대한 중요성이 점차 증대되고 있지만 우리나라는 여전히 지하수의 이용 및 보전과 지하수의 안정적인 수량·수질 확보를 목표로 관리를 추진하고 있다. 따라서, 실질적인 지표수-지하수 혼합대에서 발생하는 다양한 현상의 이해나 관리방안에 관한 연구는 아직 미비한 상황이다. 지표수-지하수 혼합대에 관한 보고서, 논문 등을 종합하여 혼합대의 영향인자를 살펴보면 1) 수리수문 특성에는 수리전도도·하천 수위·하천 유속·하천수 수온, 2) 수질 특성에는 유기오염물질·영양염류, 3) 수생태 특성에는 대형무척추동물 등으로 분류할 수 있다. 지금까지 단일 연구분야의 접근방법으로 다양한 현장측정기법 및 모델링을 통한 혼합대 연구가 수행되고 있지만, 혼합대가 가지는 환경적 중요성에 대한 이해와 인식이 부족하고, 혼합대 내부에서 발생하는 복합적인 프로세스로 인해 전문가들조차 연구에 어려움을 가질 것이다. 지표수-지하수 혼합대의 효율적인 관리를 위해서는 수리수문·수질·수생태 등 다양한 시각에서 접근하여 학제간 융합연구를 통해 기초 데이터를 상호교환하고, 기존의 혼합대 조사에 부족한 부분을 해결할 필요가 있다. 향후 하천 기저유출 및 혼합대 기초자료 구축, 혼합대 흐름 정량화, 하천복원사업에 의한 혼합대 영향 규명 등의 연구를 수행함으로써 혼합대를 체계적으로 관리할 수 있는 기술 방안을 제시할 필요가 있다.