• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of occupant's path selection on the shape of the pictogram and the opening/closing of the door. This study was carried out through a simulation experiment using computer virtual reality. Exit light pictogram for exit door and exit light pictogram for passage were arranged for each scenario in type T corridor and type + corridor. The computer graphic was used to carry out the simulation. In addition, we analyzed the response of human behavior according to the two directions (left and right) of exit light pictogram for exit door and the effect of opening direction of doorway. In addition, the change of decision-making according to the presence or absence of exit light pictogram for passage was confirmed. The results of the direction selection response were as follows. First, in the case of the T-shaped corridor, if the exit light was not installed on the door, it was influenced by the opening direction of the door. Second, when the exit light is attached to the door, the selectivity in the direction that matches the exit light pictogram direction is high. As a result, it was confirmed that the pictogram direction of the exit light influenced the evacuation route selection of the occupants.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.186-195
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• 2009

This research is intended to provide basal material on institute composition of nursing homes that will be built in the near future. According to the result, five of the passages are central type, one of them is extensive type, and the other is group type. Secondly, in living space bedroom area is widest, and both sizes of bedroom system and floor heating system are the same. Thirdly, the sizes of clinic room and physical therapy room are similarly widest in medical space, and people use physical therapy room most frequently. Fourth, dining room and kitchen area are widest in public space, and it is hard to move to program room. Fifth, office area is widest in superintendent space, and it is located near lobby on the first floor. Sixth, the dimension per individual doesn't reach the standard of bedroom size per individual. Seventh, in each space, the rate of whole dimension of living space is highest.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2013

Purpose: General hospital in korea is getting large-scaled, specialized and upgraded. So, nursing unit of race track type has been advanced along with a spatial organization, building equipment and environmental approach. This study is to search the guidelines for renovation of nursing unit with race track type in the case of K university hospital in Daejeon. Methods: 9 cases of recently opened general hospital has been analyzed for spatial and environmental design solution. Questionnaires and interviews about user needs of nursing staff, patient and visitors, have been conducted for a nursing care system and facility of nursing units in K university hospital. Results: The user needs are represented as followings. Center core public zone in each floor plan and center core nursing station and supporting areas in nursing unit are good for an adjacency and separation of spatial organization. Toilet of group patient room is necessary to equip for easy, safe and infective aspects, and so toilet install will decrease the patient number and increase the nursing care service. Hall type of station front is good for visibility and observation. It is appropriate to renovate into south facing group patient room for privacy, enough space for nursing care facility and supporting area, enough width of door to move portable medical equipment, room for medical doctor and practical student, noise absorbing of day room. Implications: Upgrading the nursing care service and facility equipment is necessary to reflect the user needs and cooperate with hospital management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.382-382
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• 2023

기존의 GRM(Grid based rainfall-Runoff Model)에서는 강우-유출 사상에 대한 유출 모의를 주요 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 GRM 모형에서 연속형 모의가 가능하도록 차단, 증발산, 융설을 모의할 수 있는 모듈을 개발하였다. 차단은 LAI의 연최댓값과 해당월의 값의 비율을 이용해서 계산하며, 증발산은 Blaney-Criddle, Hamon, Hargreaves, Priestly-Taylor 방법을 적용하였다. 융설은 Anderson에 의해서 제안된 방법을 적용하였다. 연속형 모의를 위한 모델 매개변수 설정 인터페이스를 추가하였으며, 기온, 일사량, 일조시간 등의 기상자료를 입력할 수 있게 하고, 계산된 각 수문성분을 출력할 수 있도록 GRM 모형의 입력과 출력 모듈을 개선하였다. 충주댐 유역을 대상으로 개선된 모형을 적용하였다. 공간자료의 해상도는 500m × 500m로 구축하였으며, 수문학적 지형정보와 토양도, 토지피복도를 구축하였다. 기상자료를 강수량, 일최고 기온, 일최저 기온, 일조시간, 일사량을 적용하였다. 증발산은 Hargreaves 방법을 이용하여 모의하였다. 모의 기간은 2001년 ~ 2018년이며, 이 중 2004년까지의 4년은 모델 warming up 기간으로 하고, 적합도 평가는 2005년 ~ 2018년의 모의결과를 이용하였다. 충주댐 유입량 모의결과를 관측값과 비교하였을 때 Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient(NSE) 0.84, 상관계수 0.92, 총용적 오차는 0.26%를 나타내어 관측유입량을 잘 재현하였다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 개발된 차단, 증발산, 융설 모의 기법은 적절히 구현된 것으로 판단되며, GRM을 이용한 연속형 모의가 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 향후 연구에서는 좀 더 다양한 유역에 대해 GRM을 이용한 연속형 유출모의 결과를 평가할 필요가 있다.

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.277
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• pp.48-55
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• 2013

국토교통부(장관 서승환)는 수직증축 리모델링 허용 등을 포함한 '공동주택 리모델링 제도개선 방안'(6.5 발표)의 후속조치로 노후 공동주택 거주 주민이 부담 가능한 범위에서 불편사례를 선택적으로 개선할 수 있도록 '맞춤형 리모델링' 활성화를 위한 연구용역을 마무리하고, 조만간 가이드라인을 제작 발표할 계획이라고 밝혔다. 가이드라인에는 주차장 부족, 배관 노후화 등 노후 공동주택 거주 주민들의 주요 불편사항(급 배수관 노후화, 주차장 부족, 난방효율 저하, 승강기 부족 등)을 효과적으로 해소할 수 있도록 단지 동 세대 내에서 각각 시행할 수 있는 총 39가지의 리모델링 아이템에 대한 소개와 공사비 등의 정보가 포함될 예정이다. 먼저, 단지내 리모델링에는 데크 지하주차장 신설, 녹지 보육시설 및 헬스장 등 확충, 노후상가 철거 후 별동 증축 등이 포함되며, 아파트 개별 동 내에서는 급 배수관/전기 통신/소방 등 노후 설비 교체, 승강기 신설, 코어증축(복도${\rightarrow}$계단식 변경) 등이, 세대 내에는 문 창호 및 내장재 교체, 단열 기밀 등 에너지 성능 향상, 실내공간 재배치 등이 포함된다. 특히, 아이템별 이주기간을 재실형과 이주형으로 구분하여 주민 선택의 폭을 한층 더 넓힐 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10c
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• pp.475-479
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• 2007

본 논문은 Hidden Markov Model을 사용하여 사람의 특정한 행동을 인식하여 사용자에게 알려주는 지능형 영상 감시 시스템을 제안한다. 본 방법에는 카메라를 통해 입력된 영상에서 사람 영역을 찾은 후 발 영역만을 추출하여 특징이 되는 관측열을 생성한다. 특징 영역은 입력 영상의 각 프레임을 16개의 영역으로 나누어 발바닥이 위치한 곳의 코드를 읽어 사용하고, 인식하고자하는 패턴 행동들에 대해서는 각각의 관측열을 구하고 HMM의 Baum-Welch 알고리즘을 사용하여 학습한다. 인식에는 전향 알고리즘을 사용하여 입력된 행동과 학습된 행동을 확률적으로 비교하므로써 영상 내의 행동이 어떤 패턴 행동인지를 결정하여 출력하도록 한다. 제시된 방법은 복도에서 사람의 특정 행동을 인식하는데 성공적으로 적용될 수 있음을 실험을 통해 확인 하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5221-5229
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• 2013

This study focused on the construction of Korean Evacuation load Model for reflecting Korean Evacuation behaviors. For the purposes, several evacuation experiments are executed according to the ages, and the level and types of disabilities. We accumulated the data on the evacuation velocity and behavior patterns according the ages, and the level and types of disabilities. From these results, we proposed the Korean Evacuation Load Model and compared with several popular evacuation simulation model such SIMULEX. As results of these studies, we found the possibility of construction of Korean Evacuation Simulation System based on the Korean Evacuation Model including the evacuation velocity and human behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3961-3968
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• 2014

The portion of single-household in Korea is more than 20% of the total household, and expected to be increase every year and reach 24% in 2030. For the accommodation of single-households, a small housing system called the share-house has appeared and developed in Japan and Europe. In this study, a comparative case analysis was performed to determine the development criteria for foreign and domestic cases. The analysis was conducted in view of the building type and scale, plan layout, add-on facilities and features, and operational methods and target tenants. In the cases of Korea, the share-house is mainly developed through the remodeling of a single detached house with the characteristics of small scale and living room centered plan targeting specific individuals with clear operating themes. For foreign cases, it was developed through the remodeling of various buildings, such as hotels or motels, having the characteristics of medium or large scale and corridor type plan targeting for various individuals with a range of operational methods reflecting regional features.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1367-1375
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• 2017

Recently, the use of land cover maps has been continuously increasing to analyze spatial patterns such as spatial compositions, functions and changes of landscape mosaics. In this paper, we propose a landscape analysis system that extracts patches, which is an element of landscape mosaics, in the land cover map using region-based image processing technique, and computes patch-based measures at patch level and class level. Also we propose a patch-based spatial pattern that can represent spatial relations using the computed measures. To validate the proposed system's effectiveness, we apply to Gwangju metropolitan city and analyze Gwangju's land use and spatial patterns.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1727-1737
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a system to detect spatial structures in land cover maps and to detect time-series spatial structure changes. At first, the proposed system detects patches in a certain area at different times and calculates their measures to analyse spatial structure patterns of the area. Then the system conducts patch mapping among the detected time-series patches and decides 6 types of patch changes such as keeping, creating, disappearing, splitting, merging, and changing in a mixed way. Also, the system stores the patch-based spatial structure patterns of time-series land cover maps in binary form to extract changes. This demonstrated that the proposed change detection system can be used as a basis for planning the reconstruction of the urban spatial structure by measuring the degree of urban sprawl.