• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.265-295
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• 2017

Breast tissue is composed of skin, mammary gland(including lactiferous duct), subcutaneous fat layer. The anatomical position is on the anterior chest wall(the outside of the chest cavity) but not on the inside of the thorax. Therefore, when the internal organs in the thoracic cavity are defined and expressed as 'organs' and the internal organs of each are labeled for a long time, for the breast located outside the thoracic cavity, it is thought that there is considerable difficulty in defining and recognizing the breast tissue as organs. For this reason, it is necessary to discourage the controversy over whether or not the breast is contained in the chest(or intra-thoracic cavity). In order to completely exclude it, it is assumed that the "chest-abdomen" can be called the "intra-thoraxic or intra-abdominal." But it is difficult to change the terms in various laws and regulations, I think that it would be necessary to insert only the clue clause "Breasts are excluded" in the detailed criteria for grading. In order to include it, it is necessary to change the terms of the ordinance or to say that the breast is exceptionally included.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.295-303
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• 2005

The Korean laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group made a survey of laparoscopic gastric surgeries which were performed in Korea during 2004. Thirty-eight surgeons from 36 Institutions responded to the questionnaires. One thousand eighty-nine laparoscopic gastric operations were performed during 2004. The cumulative number from 1995 to 2004 was about 2,386. Seven hundred fifty-four operations for a gastric adenocarcinoma were performed during 2004 which is almost two times the number performed during 2003. Laparoscopic radical procedures, such as a laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy (LADG and LATG) have increased rapidly since 2001 (55 cases in 2001, 150 cases in 2002, 364 cases in 2003 and 738 cases in 2004). Especially, laparoscopic total gastrectomies were explosively adopted last year (20 cases in 2003 and 112 cases in 2004). However, laparoscopic function-preserving gastrectomies, which included one laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy and laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy, are rarely performed at this time. One hundred forty-two wedge resections for a gastric submucosal tumor were performed during 2004. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) was performed in 39 cases in 2001, 55 in 2002, and 49 in 2003; however, only 5 such surgeries were performed during 2004. In 2003, laparoscopic bariatric surgery began, and during 2004, 49 operations were performed. In terms of indications of laparoscopic gastric surgery for adenocarcinoma, 19 surgeons performed a LADG only for a T1 lesion, and 7 surgeons extended their indications to T2N0 lesions. In the near future, laparoscopic procedures for gastric cancer will be widely adopted in Korea if the medical-insurance obstacle is overcome, and the long-term survival results are verified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.534-539
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• 2007

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of Leuconostoc citreum GJ7 (Leu. citreum GJ7), a lactic acid bacterium isolated from Kimchi, in ICR male and female mice. The test article was administered to the mice orally or intraperitoneally. Mortality rates, clinical findings, and body weight changes were monitored for the 2 weeks following administration. The results showed that in 50% of the cases, lethal doses ($LD_{50}$) of Leu. citreum GJ7 were determined as >5, 000 mg/kg (p.o.) and >2500 mg/kg (i.p.) in both sexes. There were no significant changes in general conditions, body weights clinical signs and any gross lesions between vehicle control and Leu. citreum GJ7-treated groups. Hence, it is suggested that Leu. citreum GJ7 does not induce any significant acute toxicity in ICR mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.4 s.84
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• pp.561-567
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• 2007

The present study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity of Leuconostoc kimchii GJ2(Leu. kimchii GJ2), an exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, in ICR male and female mice. The test article was intraperitoneally or orally administered to both sexes of mice. Then followed a 14-day period of observation. In intraperitoneal acute toxicity test, mice were injected intraperitoneally with dosage of 0, 700, 900, 1,100, 1,300, 1,500, 1,700, 1,900, 2,100, 2,300 and 2,500 mg/kg. Intraperitoneal 50% lethal doses($LD_{50}$) of Leu. kimchii GJ2 was >2,500 mg/kg in male and female mice. In oral acute toxicity test, male and female mice were gavaged with Leu. kimchii GJ2 of five doses(0, 625, 1,500, 2,500 and 5,000 mg/kg). Oral $LD_{50}$ of Leu. kimchii GJ2 was consider to be higher than 5,000 mg/kg. Furthermore, no significant changes in general conditions, body weights, clinical signs and any gross lesions were observed in both sexes of mice administered intraperitoneally or orally with Leu. kimchii GJ2. In conclusion, our results suggest that no adverse effect level of Leu. kimchii GJ2 is estimated to be over 2,500 mg/kg in the intraperitoneal route and 5,000 mg/kg in the oral route, respectively.

• 건강소식
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.16-17
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• 2011

건강검진에서 혈압, 혈당과 더불어 빠지지 않는 항목이 바로 간 수치다. 흔히 간 수치가 높다 낮다 등으로 표현하는데, 정확한 의미를 아는 사람은 많지 않다. 간 수차(간 효소 수치)는 간이 얼마나 튼튼한지를 나타내는 척도다. 이 같은 간 수치를 알아보는 간 기능 검사는 1차적으로는 소변을 받고 혈액을 뽑으면 된다. 따라서 검사 전 금식은 필수다. 만약 1차 검사에서 이상이 발견되면 2차 혈액 검사를 진행하거나 종양표지자, 복부초음파, CT, MRI, 복강경, 복부혈관조영 등 다양한 방법으로 심층적인 검시를 진행한다. 간은 2/3가 손상돼도 정상기능을 유지하는 반면, 기능을 상실하기 전까지 이렇다 할 증상이 없어 질환을 알아차리기가 쉽지 않다. 그래서 간을 '침묵의 장기'라는 고약한 별칭이 따라붙는 이유다. 간 기능 검사를 통해 수시로 점검하는 길만이 최선이다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.539-543
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• 2014

Vaginal tumors are the second most common types of tumor in canine female reproductive tract, and most of these tumor are diagnosed as leiomyoma. These tumors are categorized by intraluminal or extraluminal form, and tend to develop as hormone dependent manner. In this report, we describe two cases of extra-luminal form of vaginal tumor. Both tumors were located in abdominal cavity, and adhered to entire surrounding internal organs, including urinary bladder, rectum, and particularly a part of ureter. Surgical excision was performed via laparotomy without damage to the surrounding internal organs and ovariohysterectomy, as well. A diagnosis of vaginal leiomyoma was established based on histopathology.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.23-27
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• 2014

Purpose: Laparoscopic hernia repair in children is still controversial. The aim of this study was to report our long-term results of the laparoscopic hernia technique, which is based on the same surgical principles as conventional open herniotomy. Methods: Five hundred fourteen pediatric patients with inguinal hernia were included in this study under informed consent. All patients underwent a laparoscopic technique of sac transection and intracorporeal ligation. The asymptomatic contralateral inguinal ring was routinely explored and repaired if a patient had patent processus vaginalis on the contralateral side. Patients were prospectively followed for 5 years. Those who were lost to follow-up were excluded from the study. Perioperative complications and recurrences were evaluated. Results: The mean follow-up period was 29 months. Mean operation time was 27.5 minutes. Forty one percent of the patients had contralateral patent processus vaginalis. Only one hernia recurred (0.19%). We had one case of contralateral metachronous hernia (0.21%) during follow-up period. Conclusion: The long-term follow-up results of our study revealed that laparoscopic hernia sac transection and ligation can be a safe and effective alternative for conventional herniorraphy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.213-218
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• 1994

복강장기의 유착을 방지하기 위하여 토끼의 공장에 인공창상을 일으키고 sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC)와 dextran 70을 단일 혹은 합제로 사용하여 이들의 유착방지 효능을 조사하였고, 아울러 체중의 변화를 조사함으로써 이들을 사용하였을 때 일어날 수 있는 부작용을 검토하였다. 인공창상에 의한 유착형성 유발빈도와 정도를 알아보기 위하여 토끼를 전신마취시킨 다음 개복수술을 시행하여 공장의 장막에 2cm 폭으로 3곳에 abrasion또는 electrocautery를 실시하였던 바, 이러한 인공창상들이 유의성있는 높은 유착형성율(abrasion, 70%; electrocatuery, 72.7%)과 심한 유착정도를 일으켰으며(abrasion, 1.80; electrocatuery, 2.44), 체중의 감소를 가져왔다(abrasion, -2.5%; electrocautery; 9.9%). Abrasion보다는 electrocatuery에 의한 자극이 더욱 심한 유착정도 및 체중감소를 보였으며 심할 경우 폐사를 일으키기도 하였다. 이러한 유착을 효과적으로 방지하기 위하여 1, 2, 3%의 SCMC 및 6, 10%의 dextran 70 용액을 단일 또는 합제를 만들어 abrasion방법으로 공장에 인공창상을 일으킨 토끼의 복강내에 주입하고 수술 4주후에 복강을 열어 유착형성율을 조사하였던 바, 1% SCMC와 10% dextran 70의 합제(Synthetic soln)에서 가장 낮은 유착형성율(0%)을 보여 유착방지 효과가 가장 뚜렸하였다. 아울러 수술 4주일후 체중의 변화도 유의하게 일으키지 아니 하였다. 그러므로 유착방지제로서 synthetic solution을 사용하는 것이 가장 효과적이라고 사려된다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1982

A massive mycetoma was observed in the abdominal cavity of a 3-year-old spayed female Labrador Retriever dog originated from France. The mycetoma lesion involved adhesion with one-half of the spleen, several portions of the small and large intestine, and the diaphragem. Histologically the distinct hypertrophy of the intestinal muscle layer, wide-spread deposition of the hemosiderin through the affected abdominal organs and thrombosis of splenic arterioles with atheromatous change were recognized as persistant, debilitating changes of the affected organs. From the histological appearance of the fungal colonies it was presumed that the causative fungus to be identified as Allescheria boydii.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is defined as the dissemination of cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity resulting in deposition of malignant cells onto parietal or visceral peritoneal surfaces, and is associated with malignant ascites. In general, PC has been treated similarly to metastatic cancers of the primary tumor, but associated with unfavorable outcomes as compared to other sites of metastatic disease from the same primary tumor origin. It has been known to have the median survival of only 3-6 months with supportive care alone. PC is an intractable problem to physicians because of its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent studies have reported that a combination of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy improved survival in PC of colorectal cancer. This paper gives overviews of the characteristics, symptoms, prognosis, and diagnosis of PC and current treatment options on PC of stomach, colorectal, and unknown primary origin.