• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.1 s.173
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• pp.118-123
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• 2000

Most quadruped walking robots under current research are individually controlling every joint ic make them step or walk according to an integrated strategy. Such methods are characterized by at least one pair of an actuator and a sensor installed per each 'oint so that the robots weigh execssively and move inefficiently in terms of energy expenditure. In addition, the task of controlling all the joints simultaneously is quite complex and prone to destabilize the robot motion. These respects keep the existing walking robots away from realistic applications such as transportation even if they have potentially, outstanding adaptability to swamps or uneven terrains as opposed to wheeled vehicles. So, this paper presents a new conceptual quadruped robot developed to walk and steer only with a minimal number of actuators owing to a closed-chain mechanism. To prove its actual performance including the adaptability to various types of terrains. experiments are done with the mammal-type prototype. And. it is also shown that the same concept can be easily extended to carry out different gait forms. for instance, that of spiders only with minor modifications.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.209-219
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• 1997

Objectives: Anterior approach to achieve arthrodesis of the cervical spine has become a widely accepted and often-used approach since its earliest reports by Bailey and Badgley, Smith and Robinson and Cloward. However, anterior interbody fusion in the presence of the posterior instability may be complicated by the bone graft dislodgement, kyphotic defomity or nonunion. As an attemp to prevent this undesirable complication, additional methods such as skeletal traction, halo appratus or even posterior fusion has been utilized. Therefore, The cervical spine locking plate(CSLP) with the anterior intervertebral body bone grafting provide immediate cervical stabilization and widely successful in achieving fusion. Material and methods: This study analysed 14 patients who underwent a single anterior procedure and application of CSLP for the treatment of the cervical spinal disorder. Eleven patients were disc herniations and three patients were traumatic lesion. The average age of the patient was 47 years and the mean follow up periods was 20 months ranging from 13 to 27 months. Results: Ambulation was started 2nd day after the operation with the aid of the Philadelpia orthoses. Bone union was observed 13 cases on average 12 weeks after operation. The one case was nonunion with plate breakage without clinical symptom. Conclusion: Anterior fusion with CSLP are thought to be a safe and valuable method for treating cervical spine disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the foot plantar pressure and temperature changes of the developed combat boots with functional impact absorption and ventilation insole. A total of 11 male subjects(age: $21.8{\pm}2.2yrs$, height: $174.3{\pm}3.6cm$, weight: $71.6{\pm}8.6kg$, foot length: $261.0{\pm}1.0mm$) were recruited to compare the foot plantar pressure and temperature changes of the three types of combat boots: Combat boots A (generalized combat boots), Combat boots B (developed combat boots with ventilation function), Combat boots C (Application of ventilation function and impact absorption insole to combat boots B). Pedar-X and a portable thermistor temperature sensor were used to measure the foot plantar pressure parameters and the internal temperature of the combat boots, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the results of plantar pressure and temperature changes. The results were as follows: First, in the foot plantar pressure parameters, combat boots C showed the significant lower maximum foot plantar pressure in the right/left rear foot compared with combat boots A and average foot plantar pressure in the left foot compared with combat boots B. Second, after 40 minutes from the start of walking, the developed combat boots B and C showed the significant lower temperature than the general combat boots A.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2013

Objective : To identify the effect of bilateral arm training for activities of daily living(ADL) of the chronic phase after stroke. Methods : 20 patients with stroke, randomized to an experimental group(n=10) and a control group(n=10). Both groups received the usual occupational therapy. In addition, an experimental group received an bilateral arm training, 30-min sessions per a day for 6 weeks. The Functional Independence Measure(FIM) was used to evaluate ADL for both groups. Results : First, there is a significant difference before and after receiving the bilateral arm training(p <.05). Second, there are significant differences in all ADL areas of Self-care, Transfer, Social cognition after bilateral arm training(p<.05). Third, there are significant differences in all sub-areas of Self-care, only stairs of Locomotion, and only Problem solving of Social cognition by comparing sub-areas as bilateral arm activity(before and after) and occupational therapy intervention(before and after). Conclusion : Using bilateral arm training for the chronic phase after stroke improved their abilities of ADL. Therefore, there are an expectation to use bilateral activity training for the chronic after stroke clinically and a need of further study about bilateral arm training related to ADL in the future.

• Trans-
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• v.3
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• pp.109-135
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• 2017

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze characteristics of everyday movement showed in performances of Steve Paxton. A work of art has been realized as a special object enjoyed by high class people as high culture for a long time. Therefore, a gap between everyday life and art has been greatly existed, and the emergence of everyday elements in a work of art means that public awareness involving social change is changed. The postmodernism as the period when a boundary between art and everyday life is uncertain was a postwar society after the Second World War and a social situation that rapidly changes into a capitalistic society. Changes in this time made scholars gain access academically concepts related to everyday life, and affected artists as the spirit of the times of pluralistic postmodernism refusing totality. At the same period of the time, modern dance also faced a turning point as post-modern dance. After the Second World War, modern dance started to be evaluated as it reaches the limit, and at this juncture, headed by dancers including the Judson Dance Theatre. Acting as a dancer in a dance company of Merce Cunningham, Steve Paxton, one of founders of the Judson Dance Theatre, had a critical mind of the conditions of dance company with the social structure and the process that movement is made. This thinking is showed in early performances as an at tempt to realize everyday motion it self in performances. His early activity represented by a walking motion attracted attention as a simple motion that excludes all artful elements of existing dance performances and is possible to conduct by a person who is not a dancer. Although starting the use of everyday movement is regarded as an open characteristic of post-modern dance, advanced researches on this were rare, so this study started. In addition, studies related to Steve Paxton are skewed towards Contact Improvisation that he rose as an active practician. As the use of ordinary movement before he focused on Contact Improvisation, this study examines other attempts including Contact Improvisation as attempts after the beginning of his performances. Therefore, the study analyzes Satisfyin' Lover, Contact at 10th & 2nd and Bound that are performances of Steve Paxton, and based on this, draws everyday characteristics. In addition, related books, academic essays, dance articles and reviews are consulted to consider a concept related to everyday life and understand dance historical movement of post-modern dance. Paxton attracted attention because of his activity starting at critical approach of movement of existing modern dance. As walking of performers who are not dancers, a walking motion showed in Satisfyin' Lover gave esthetic meaning to everyday movement. After that, he was affected by Eastern ideas, so developed Contact Improvisation making a motion through energy of the natural laws. In addition, he had everyday things on his performances, and used a method to deliver various images by using mundane movement and impromptu gestures originating from relaxed body. Everyday movement of his performances represents change in awareness of performances of the art of dancing that are traditionally maintained including change of dance genre of an area. His activity with unprecedented attempt and experimentation should be highly evaluated as efforts to overcome the limit of modern dance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.200-206
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ropivacaine on pain following laparoscopic surgery. Between March 2015 and June 2017, all 97 patients with renal mass who elected to receive laparoscopic nephrectomy were reviewed, retrospectively. Normal saline (0.9%) was used as a control in 45 patients while Ropivacaine was used for local anesthesia in the instillation group (n=52). Pain score (visual analog scale) of the shoulder and upper abdominal area between the two groups was significantly different between recovery time and 24 h (p<0.05), with no significant differences between 48 and 72 h (both p>0.05). In the instillation group, pain score of shoulder and abdominal pain in the two groups according to the amount of CO2 used was not significantly different between recovery time and 24, 48, and 72 h (all p>0.05). Ropivacaine reduced shoulder and upper abdominal pain that occurred within 24 h after surgery. Effective pain control with Ropivacaine is needed in the early postoperative period when a large amount of CO2 is used in laparoscopic surgery.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3508-3517
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• 2013

District is not only a place that every urban activities are executing but also basic unit that are forming urban structure. Therefore this study tried to make land use-transportation model through analyzing $CO_2$ exhausting volumes by assuming 270 scenarios those are postulated various land use patterns and transport policies in District. As results, this study shows best District Unit Design technique is the policy that develop equally all blocks or only outer blocks and introduction of car free zone to inner 2 way streets. Most important policy in order to reduce $CO_2$ gas is to introduce Transportation Demand Management especially in case of hyper high density development. In case of low density development, policy of car free streets in 2 ways roads is efficiency for reducing $CO_2$ gas. And suggested land use-transportation model will be good for choosing alternatives those are able to reduce $CO_2$ in District Unit.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1988

The treatment of tibial shaft fracture has become one of the most controversial subjects in orthopedic surgery. Comminuted, segmental and rotationally unstable fractures or bone defect at fracture site have problems of the fixation. The interlocking nail solve these problems. We have experienced 8 cases of the tibial shaft fractures treated with interlocking nail from 1986 to 1988. Authors analysed these cases and our own clinical study. The results were as follows. 1. The average bone union rate was about 15 weeks. 2. The interval between operation and crutch walking was 4:3 weeks. 3. The merits of this operation were the short hospitalization and early adaptation of social activity. 4. The advantage is be able to do early ambulation without following muscular atrophy or joint stiffness. 5. The results were assessed on clinical examination and radiographic appearance by Hamza et al. An excellent results were 7 cases and good result was 1 case.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.450-452
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• 2010

A 4-year-old male Yorkshire terrier was referred to us with signs of vomiting and unconsciousness due to a blunt head trauma. Gross examinations detected facial edema, subcutaneous hemorrhage and hypersalivation. A survey radiograph located an occipital fragment which was displaced caudally. A three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction demonstrated that the ventral portion of the fragment was attached incompletely. Because of the instability of the fragment, it was decided to perform an esquillectomy. After removing the fragment, the defect was reinforced with a muscular flap originating from the splenius muscle. The patient's condition gradually improved except for a slightly ataxic gait. At 20 months follow-up, there was no evidence of ataxia. The neurological status did not deteriorate before starting surgical intervention, although the patient sustained a skull fracture with severe intracranial hemorrhage. It is likely that the fragment being displaced outwardly played an important role in preventing an increase in intracranial pressure which could have led to neurological deterioration.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to review vestibulo-ocular reflex and vestibular rehabilitation for balace problem in elderly. Falling is a common problem associated with aging. Falling and the resulting consequences constitutes one of the most common and serious problems. Balance deficits are one of the top risk factors for falling. Three systems(visual, vestibular and somatosensory) need to be integrated and used to coordinate and control balance. During normal ambulation and head movement, the vestibulo-ocular reflex(VOR) stabilizes gaze, and helps to keep the image of the retina. There is a direct association between deficits in VOR and falls. Older adults have a decreased ability to enhance and suppress the VOR. Vestibular rehabilitation(VR) is an exercise-based group of approaches that began with the aim of central nervous system compensation. VR restores VOR gain and reduces error using repetitive movements of the head and eyes. Many researches showd balance and gait tests were superior in the VR group. It is considered this article helps to prevent elderly falling with vestibular rehabilitation.