• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.67-98
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• 1997

This study examines multi-level factors geographic proximities between elderly parents and their children in the United States and Japan. Despite their similar economies, the United States and Japan show a significant difference in their patterns of generational proximity. In 1993, half of US non-Hisapnic white parents aged 70 or over lived separately but within 10 miles of their nearest children and a majority of them lived far from their non-nearest children. The family geographic network for Japanese elderly parents is more hierarchial. In 1989, 74 percent of Japanese parents aged 70 and over lived with their nearest children but most of them lived far from their non-nearest children. To explain this distinctive pattern of inter- and intra-family differences in generational proximities in the two societies, this study employs a multi-level analysis which compares the relative importance of life course conditions of elderly parents and their children and economic and ecological characteristics of elderly parent's places of residence in influencing generational proximities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.125-148
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• 2004

본 연구는 우수한 학업 성적을 보이는 재미 한인 영재 청소년들이 민족적 정체감을 어떻게 형성해 나가는지를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 미국 뉴욕의 학업영재아를 위한 고등학교에 재학중인 25명의 한인 영재아들을 대상으로 Phinney의 민족적 정체감 평가지가 사용되었다. 민족적 정체감의 평가를 위해 3가지의 민족 정체감 구성요인들이 사용되었는데, 이들은 민족적 자기 정의, 민족집단에 대한 평가와 민족집단에 대한 참여이다. 개방형 문제에 응답을 한 학생들은 두 명의 독립적인 관찰자에 의해, 자신이 정의한 민족집단에 대한 탐구와 헌신의 정도에 따라, 3단계의 민족 정체감 발달 단계로 나누어졌다. 이 3단계 중 첫번째 단계는 자신이 속한 민족집단에 대한 무관심과 낮은 참여도를 보이는 민족 정체감 무관심의 시기이고, 두 번째 단계는 자신의 민족집단에 대한 관심을 가지고 그 집단의 역사와 철학, 문화, 그리고 주류사회 속에서 해당 민족집단의 사회적 위치와 편견 등에 대해 관심과 참여를 보여주는 민족 정체감 탐구의 시기이며, 마지막 단계는 민족 정체감 완성 시기로, 자신을 그 집단의 구성원으로 완전히 수용하면서, 민족적 정체감에 안정된 모습을 보이는 단계이다. 각 민족 정체감 구성요소들과 민족 정체감 발달 단계내의 집단차를 논의하기 위해 ANOVA가 사용되었다. 연구에 참여한 대부분의 영채아들은 자신을 재미아시아인이 아니라, 한국인 혹은 재미동포로 정의하였고, 이러한 민족적 자기 정의는 학생들의 민족집단에 대한 평가도와 참여도에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 민족집단에 대한 긍정적인 평가는 민족집단에 대한 활발한 참여와 밀접한 관련성을 가지고 있었다. 연구에서 나타난 결과들을 바탕으로 재미 한인 영재 청소년들이 높은 자아 존중감을 지닐 수 있도록, 현재 교육현장과 실생활에서 활용할 수 있는 여러 방안들과 함께, 앞으로 필요한 보다 많은 연구를 위한 제언이 제시되었다. 사고력 계발에 보다 충실할 수 있도록 내용의 폭을 넓히고 접근방법을 달리하는 심화 중심으로 교육과정을 구성하고 운영한다고 하였다. 그러나 현재 개발된 교육과정 편성과 운영은 창의성 교육의 구현보다는 압축형 속진 교육과정의 특성이 강하여, 이와 같은 운영지침을 실현하기 어려운 것이 현실이므로 교육과정 편제의 개선이나 운영지침에 적합한 교육내용의 개발이 시급히 이루어져야 할 것이다. 둘째, R&E(Research ＆ Education)는‘연구를 통한 교육’,‘교육을 통한 연구’를 의미하며 과학영재교육과정의 가장 큰 특징이라 할 수 있는 자율연구와 위탁교육을 위한 프로그램이다.여주는 것으로 나타났다.보였다. 5. L값은 살균처리의 경우 저장 30일 이후 약간 어두워지는 경향을 보였고, 121$^{\circ}C$ 살균처리에서 높은 값을 보였다. 대체로 저장온도가 높고 저장기간이 길어질수록 약간 밝아지는 경향을 보였다. 적색도는 인삼 첨가구의 경우 상온 및 냉장저장에서 10$0^{\circ}C$ 살균이 121$^{\circ}C$ 처리구 보다 약간 높은 값을 보였다. 저장기간에 따른 적색도의 변화는 인삼과 송이 첨가구에서 비교적 안정적이었다. 황색도는 상온 및 냉장저장에서 저장기간에 따라 약간 감소하는 경향을 보인 후 상온저장 50일 째, 냉장 60일 째 가장 높게 나타났다. 121$^{\circ}C$ 살균처리구가 10$0^{\circ}C$ 처리구보다 약간 높은 경향을 보였다.^{\circ}C$$,에서는 20시간 가열시 0.706$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg으로 가장 높게 생성된 후 서서히 감소하였다. 그러나 산값과 공액이중산값은 계속 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 즉 B(a)P생성과 산패도 변화사이에는 일정한 관계를 나타내지는 않았다.ve(+)의 상관관계가 있었다.l

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.107-122
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• 2010

Mathematically gifted students' emotional changes during Mathematical Olympiad training camp were studied. The emotions of the gifted during the camp were fluctuated significantly by comparing their test scores with other camp attendants, while the morale was high at the beginning. The camp attendants were likely to overcome disappointment resulting from bad scores with putting more efforts on studying, which means their self-assessments for their mathematical talents are not affected by test results. From what characterizes the emotional changes of the gifted, we conclude as follows: First, they tend to be positive on grouping classes depending on the mathematical ability. Second, careful emotional supports and care were needed in ability grouping education. Third, it is important to let the gifted have more chances to communicate with other camp attendants. It is recommended to induce the gifted to put their focus on the learning goal. Fifth, the proper environment helps the gifted be indulged in studying mathematics.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2002

Purpose : Hippocampal atrophy is one of the characteristic pathologic findings of hippocampal sclerosis, for which MR imaging of the hippocampus is essential in the evaluation of hippocampal sclerosis. The purpose of this study is to present the normal MR volumetric data of the hippocampus in normal adult Korean and to compare those with MR volumetric data of hippocampus in patients with hippocampal s-clerosis, providing the diagnostic volume criteria of the hippocampal atrophy. Materials and methods : MR volumetry was performed in 30 normal adults and 28 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy whose final diagnosis was hippocampal sclerosis. The volumetric data were compared between sexes, right and left sides, and normal and abnormal hippocampus, and the volume criteria for the diagnosis of hippocampal atrophy was determined. Results : The mean $volumes({\pm}standard$ deviation) of normal Korean adult were $2.20{\pm}0.73\textrm{cm}^3$ (right) and $2.17{\pm}0.72\textrm{cm}^3$ (left) in male and $2.27{\pm}0.47{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$ (right) and $2.23{\pm}0.48\textrm{cm}^3$ (left) in female. The mean right-left differences were $0.14{\pm}0.11\textrm{cm}^3$ and $0.19{\pm}0.13\textrm{cm}^3$ in male and female, respectively. The MR volumetry showed no significant statistical differences between sexes and between right and left. The mean volume and standard deviation of the hippocampus in hippocampal sclerosis patients was $1.46{\pm}0.60{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$, and the right-left difference was $0.51{\pm}0.41\textrm{cm}^3$, In comparison of two volume distributions between normal adult group and hippocampal sclerosis patients group, the reasonable diagnostic volume criteria was $0.4{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$ as right-left volume difference, in which the sensitivity and specificity are 0.61 and 0.90. In all patients with right-left volume difference more than $0.4{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$, visual determination of unilateral hippocampal atrophy was possible. Conclusion : The MR-based hippocampal volumetry is a useful add-on of visual MR diagnosis, only when visual diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis is difficult.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.508-515
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the optimal management interval in 33 healthy adults by observing changes in oral health on the basis of the plaque control index and gingival index. When plaque control score was compared according to the period, it was found that oral hygiene management was the best in the fourth visit (p<0.05). Improved oral hygiene status was observed during the 3- and 6-month follow-up (p<0.05). Regarding gingival index, the fourth visit showed the healthiest gingival status (p<0.05). At the 3-month follow-up, the gingival index worsened, but a healthy gingival status was attained by 6-month follow-up (p<0.05). The plaque control score according to interest in dental health showed that the 'interested' group had good oral hygiene management (p<0.05). As a motivation for oral hygiene status and gingival health, examination with a 'phase contrast microscope' in the first visit and calculation of the 'evaluation index' in the follow-up visit tended to improve the patients' ability for oral hygiene management (p>0.05). The questionnaire survey showed, that the optimal management interval was 1, 3, and 6 months. As a result, with the effective management interval for the preventive management program focused on professional mechanical tooth cleaning, which was administered weekly, the maximum ability for oral hygiene management was attained at the fourth visit. The effective management period was 1 month. The use of a phase contrast microscope and the calculation of the evaluation index for oral hygiene management could influence the motivation to improve oral hygiene management.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1329-1339
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• 2006

Purpose : Failure of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) may be encountered in practice because of either relapse of the malignancy or dysfunction of the graft. Second HSCT may be the only option for some patients whose initial HSCT failed. Methods : From May, 1991 to December, 2004, 115 HSCTs were performed at the Pediatric Blood & Marrow Transplantation Center, Chonnam National University. This study was a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 15 patients who received the second HSCT after initial graft. Results : Among eight patients with nonmalignant diseases, two patients underwent the second HSCT because of primary graft failure and five because of late graft rejection. The remaining Fanconi anemia patient was re-transplanted due to development of AML. Two patients died and one experienced primary graft failure, but is still alive. The Kaplan-Meier 5-year overall survival rate was 75 percent and the disease free survival rate was 62.5 percent in nonmalignant diseases. All malignant patients underwent second transplants because of relapses. Four died of relapse and one of treatment-related complications. The Kaplan-Meier 2-year overall and event free survival rate was 28.6 percent each in malignant diseases. Conclusion : Second HSCT for graft dysfunction of nonmalignant disease seems to be feasible and should be considered as a standard practice. The relapse of malignant diseases remains a big obstacle even after the second HSCT, although a small portion of patients might be salvaged. Further investigation of novel therapeutic strategies, as well an the understanding of the biology should be explored.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2001

In this paper, the channel environment for next generation ITS/DSRC which is developed for 10Mbps is modeled with ray tracing technique and, we analyzed BER of OFDM which has an advantage over reducing the effect of ISI with multi-carrier and guard time, occuping bandwidth on 6-ray channel environment. Also, we applied the one-tap equalizer to improve the performance of BER. In case only OFDM is applied with 32 sub-carrier, the result of BER is under $10^{-6}$ from 10 to 100m if $E_b/N_0$ is more than 23dB. But in case OFDM and one-tap equalizer are applied with 32 sub-carrier, $E_b/N_0$ is required of about 17dB to achieve BER under $10^{-6}$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.101-109
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• 2016

The images captured by digital still cameras or mobile phones are not always satisfactory because the devices have limited dynamic ranges compared with that of the real world. To cope with the problems, tone mapping function based methods and retinex theory based methods are studied. However, these methods generate a halo artifact or limited enhancement of global and local contrasts. The proposed method estimates illumination information used for image enhancement by optimizing a dynamic range of input image. The estimated illumination information has smoothness characteristic where the luminance is flat and does not have where the luminance changes to prevent the halo artifact. Additionally, the estimated illumination information and surrounding pixel values are considered when the tone mapping function is applied to overcome the limitations of the conventional tone mapping function approach. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional methods on objective and subjective criteria.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 1968

저자(著者)는 구개도(口蓋圖)에 의(依)하여 한국어(韓國語) 마찰음(摩擦音)의 라, 사, 자, 차 사행(四行), 도합(都合) 40음(音)에 대(對)한 정당교합자(正堂咬合者) 오인(五人)과 부정교합자(不正咬合者) 십칠인(十七人)의 발음(發音)을 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 라, 사, 자, 차 사행(四行)의 구개도(口蓋圖)는 V, H 및 C형(型)을 나타낸다. 2) 라행(行)의 구개도(口蓋圖)는 교합군(咬合群)에 관계(關係)없이 주(主)로 H형(型)을 보인다. 라행(行)에 있어서 전치(前齒)와 접촉부위간(接觸部位間)의 거리는 과개교합군(過蓋咬合群)에서 크고, 반대교하군(反對咬合群)에서는 작다. 3) 사행(行)은 주(主)로 V형(型)을 보이며 반대교합군(反對咬合群)에서만 C형(型)이 1/3정도(程度) 나타난다. 반대교합군(反對咬合群)에서의 V형(型)은 그 접촉부위(接觸部位)가 구치부(臼齒部)로 갈수록 두터워 진다. 4) 자, 차행(行)의 구개도(口蓋圖)는 라, 사행(行)에 비(比)하여 변화(變化)가 많다. a) 과개교합군(過蓋咬合群)은 H형(型)이 67%이고 나머지는 C형(型). b) 반대교합군(反對咬合群)은 거의 모두가 C형(型). c) 과개교합군(寡蓋咬合群)에서는 반이상(半以上)이 C형(型), 나머지는 H형(型)이나 간혹 V형(型)도 출현(出現)한다. 5) 구치부(臼齒部)에서의 측방반대교합(側方反對咬合)의 경우는 반대교합(反對咬合)이 있는 반대(反對)쪽의 접촉부위(接觸部位)가 넓다. 6) 과개교합군(寡蓋咬合群)에서의 접촉부위(接觸部位)는 정상군(正常群)이나 과개교합군(過蓋咬合群)에서 보다 일반적(一般的)으로 넓게 나타난다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.5 s.335
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• pp.39-46
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• 2005

It is well known the fact that turbo codes has better performance as the number of iteration and the interleaver size increases in the AWGN channel environment. However, as the number of iteration and the interleaver size are increased, it is required much delay and computation for iterative decoding. Therefore, it is important to devise an efficient criterion to stop the iteration process and prevent unnecessary computations and decoding delay. In this paper, it proposes the efficient iterative decoding stop criterion using the absolute mean value of LLR difference. It is verifying that the proposal iterative decoding stop criterion can be reduced the average iterative decoding number compared to conventional schemes with a negligible degradation of the error performance.