• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.405-412
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• 2016

In order to examine the possibility of practical use of concrete at low-temperature environment using high early strength cement with cold resistance admixture, an experimental study on workability, freezing temperature and compressive strength of the mortar with different types of anti-freezer, water reducing agent and accelerator for freeze protection at low-temperature were evaluated. Compressive strength was increased in use of anti-freezer, especially SN anti-freezer was higher than CN anti-freezer. 0min flow was increased, the 20min flow was decreased. And 20min flow was improved in use of FR, RT water reducing agent. CF, LS accelerator for freeze protection, regardless of the type of water reducing agent, compressive strength was increased.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.130-136
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• 2008

목적: 방사성옥소 치료를 받는 많은 환자들이 장기간의 전처치와 격리 입원 동안에 신체적 불편함을 호소하므로 이를 줄여주기 위하여 첫째, 방사성옥소 치료 전 환자들이 저옥소식을 잘 지킬 수 있도록 도움을 주며 둘째, 4일간의 격리입원기간 동안 심리적 어려움과 신체 적불편함을 줄여줌으로써 환자의 만족도를 향상시키는 효과를 기대하고자 본 연구를 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1. 연구자들의 브레인스토밍을 통해 환자들의 불편함을 파악하였다. 2. 방사성옥소 치료를 위해 입원한 환자 36명에게 입원 기간 동안 느낀 점을 기록하게 하고 이를 조사하였다. 3. 환자 퇴원시에 치료과정에 대한 만족도 설문을 문제점 개선 전 33명, 개선 후 22명에게 조사하였다. 결과: 문제점과 개선안을 도출하였으며 가능한 범위 내에서 개선활동을 실시하였다. 그리고 만족도 설문을 조사하였으며 개선 전 후를 비교하였다. 문제점으로 1) 저옥소식: 맛이 없다, 반찬 가려 먹기가 어렵다. 2) 치료병실 생활: 속이 메스꺼워 음식 섭취가 곤란하다, 병실이 춥다. 3) 호르몬제 투여중지: 전신이 나른하다, 몸이 붓는다가 도출되었으며 이를 해결하기 위한 개선 활동은 1) 입원 전 예약 시에 음식조절(저옥소식)에 대한 설명을 자세히 하였다. 2) 타부서와의 협의-협조사항(치료병실의 청결유지와 쾌적한 병실을 만들기 위해 16층 병동과 협의, 저옥소식 영양상담을 치료 과정중에 넣기 위해 영양과와 협의, 온열매트리스 설치와 보온이불 구입을 위해 시설팀과 협의 등)을 해결하려 노력했다. 3) 전반적인 개선활동(방사성옥소를 차질없이 구입, 치료병실의 치료 전 후 방사능오염 방지, 환자의 심리적 불안감 해소 등)을 하였다. 환자의 만족도 설문에 대한 개선 활동 전 후 비교 결과에서 '치료과정 전체에 대해 힘들었다'는 개선 전 후에 각각 80.6%, 81.8%로 큰 차이가 없었다. 또한 문제점으로 도출된 '저옥소식이 힘들었다'는 개선 전 후에 각각 24.1%, 27.8%로 역시 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 '병실생활이 힘들었다'는 개선 전 후에 각각 48.3%, 72.2%로 큰 차이를 보였다. 그리고 '호르몬 투여중지로 인해 힘들었다'는 개선 전 후에 각각 27.6%, 0%로 큰 차이를 보였다. 고찰 및 결론: 환자들의 불편함을 줄여주기 위하여 연구자들의 개선활동이 있었고 그 중에서 입원병실의 생활환경이 특히 향상되었다. 그러나 결과에서 '병실생활이 힘들었다'에 대한 답의 비율은 오히려 더 높아졌다. 이는 '호르몬 투여 중지로 힘들었다'로 답하는 환자의 비율이 상대적으로 줄었기 때문에 높아진 것으로 생각되었다. 방사성옥소 치료로 인해 생길 수밖에 없는 신체적 반응 때문에 대부분의 환자들은 항상 힘들었다고 할 것이다. 만족도 개선 활동으로 환자의 힘든 치료과정을 완전히 해소시켜 줄 수는 없었으나 환자입장에서 생각할 수 있게 된 계기가 되었으며 좀 더 향상된 치료환경을 제공하는 기회가 되었다.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

Grapevines will experience various types of winter damage. Some winter damages are caused by mechanical injury, freezing temperatures or poor vine vigor. This research was conducted to find out the appropriate control methods through selection of resistant rootstocks and improvement of overwintering methods for the control of crown gall disease on 'Kyoho' grape. The crown gall symptoms were not found when three stock plants of grapevine SO4, 5BB and 3306 were inoculated with $10^4cfu/ml$ of Agrobacterium vitis strains (YK2823, YK3312, LMG259, HKA234). But when they were inoculated with higher concentration $(10^6 cfu/ml)$ of A. vitis, irrespective of stocks plants, crown galls were formed all of them and the gall size was much smaller than that of kyoho. Three stock plants were selected as resistant based on above mentioned. Covering trunks and branches with rice straw and insulating coverlet was the most effective method for prevention of crown gall disease. This treatment minimized the ambient temperature changes on grapevine trees during winter season to $9.6^{\circ}C$ and the normal plant growth was due to the absence of freezing injury.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 1983

Several supplementary heating methods were investigated to find their effects on night air temperature, injury in plant, growth and yield with Hokowase strawberry(Fragaria grandiflora) under greenhouse, during early spring season in 1981 and 1982. Kerosene lamp as a supplementary heating was not suitable because of its severe injury on strawberry plants, danger of accidental fire and bad smell. Paraffine candle and electric wire heating did not injure on strawberry plant, raised the minimum air temperature in greenhouse at night, enhanced growth, flowering and harvesting time of strawberry. Paraffine candle was effective as a supplementary heating method for short period growing under greenhouse, whereas electric wire heating was suitable for long period cultivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate thermal and water transmission properties of several vapor permeable water repellent (VPWR) fabrics and synthetic battings that became available in recent years. Five VPWR fabrics evaluated were Hipora in three coating variants, $Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$ and $Aitace^{\circledR}$. Battings evaluated were $Viwarma^{\circledR}$, $Uniwarmr^{\circledR}$, $Thinsulate^{\circledR}$, and $Airseal^{\circledR}$ Thermal resistance and water vapor transmission were measured for each fabric and batting and in all combinations. Thermal resistance at zero and 37 cm/sec air velocity was determined by the Thermo Labo II technique for simultaneously measuring conduction and radiation heat transfer. Water vapor transmission over 24 hours was measured by a modified weight-gain method in a compact humid chamber at conditions simulating the clothing climate under heavy exercise ($40{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $90{\pm}2\%$ R.H., and 0.5 m/sec air velocity). Fabric porosity was calculated from fiber density and fabric weight, thickness, and area. Thermal resistance results for the fabrics showed the effectiveness of coatings in inhibiting heat transfer. Measurements taken in wind were: $31.1\~37.6\%$ for $Hipora^{\circledR}$ variants; $31.0\%$ for $Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$; and $18.4\%$ for $Aitaca^{\circledR}$ Measurements without wind were higher but in the same order. Water vapor transmission results were in reverse order: $Aitac^{\circledR}$, $8.8 kg/m^{2};\;Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$, 6.4 kg/$m^{2}$; and $Hipora^{\circledR},\;4.4\~6.0\;kg/m^{2}$. In general thermal resistance increased with porosity. For battings, the thermal resistance with wind results were: $Viwarmu^{\circledR}$, $65.0\%;\; Thinsulate^{\circledR}$, $62.0\%$; $Uniwarm^{\circledR}$, $61.0\%$; and $Airseala^{\circledR},\;53.1\%$. Thermal resistance was proportional to thickness. Thermal resistance of fabric-batting combinations were $20\%$ higher than those of the battings only. Water vapor transmission for combinations was mainly affected by that for the VPWR fabric used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical thermal resistances and comfort properties of ski wear made with vapor-permeable water repellent (VPWR) fabrics and thermal insulation battings. Four types of experimental clothing were made with the combination of two VPWR fabrics (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}$, Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}$) and two thermal insulation battings ($Viwarm^{\circledR},\;Airseal^{\circledR}$). Thermal resistances of ski wear were objectly evaluated by thermal manikin experiment ($21{\pm}\;2^{\circ}C,\;50{\pm}5\%$ R.H.,0.25 m/sec air velocity) and thermographic accessment ($2{\pm}2^{\circ}C,\;0\%$ R.H.,0.25 m/sec air velocity, and emissivity level : 1). Garment wear tests of ski wear included the measurement of the microclimate (inner temp. and relative humidity) of the experimental clothing by digital thermohygrometer and subject wear sensation using McNall's thermal comfort ratings. CBo values of experimental clothing 4 (Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}+Airseal^{\circledR}$) and 1 (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}+Viwarm^{\circledR}$) were significantly higher than those of 2 (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}+Airseal^{\circledR}$) and 3 (Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}+Viwarm^{\circledR}$). Thermal resistances in the points of breast, back, belly, and loin was significantly higher than those of upper am, fore arm, and shank of measuring points on the thermal manikin. According to the color map of the thermogram, the experimental clothing 4 indicated higher surface temperatures than the others showing more yellowish spots on the surface of clothing. Inner temperature of experimental clothing was not significantly different among the four types of ski wear, but relative humidities of experimental clothing were significantly different. Relative humidities of experimental clothing 1 and 3 showed higher than those of 2 and 4. Relative humidity of experimantal clothing was affected largely by the thermal resis- tance of thermal insulation batting materials. The subject wear sensation of experimental clothing 2 and 4 showed lower humidity than the others. Subject wear sensation was affected more by humidity sensation than by thermal sensation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2020

In this study, the humidity control effect of a counter-flow ventilator was analyzed in a greenhouse with high relative humidity at night in the winter season. A case of the counter-flow ventilator was 0.96 × 0.65× 0.82(W × D × H, m) and there were heat transfer element and two fans for air supply and exhaust in the counter-flow ventilator. Two counter-flow ventilators were used in this study and the setting humidity of the ventilators was 80%. The temperature and relative humidity at night(18:00-8:00) in the greenhouse were measured. In a greenhouse without a counter-flow ventilator, the average temperature and humidity was 14.9℃, 82.8%, respectively. When the counter-flow ventilator was operated, the corresponding averages were 15.1℃, 79.9%. The independent sample t test of monthly temperature and relative humidity showed no difference in temperature, and a significant difference in relative humidity with 1% of the significance level. Therefore, using the counter-flow ventilator helps to control relative humidity in greenhouse and increase yield.. And further research considering the pros and cons of using the counter-flow ventilator is needed.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.23-32
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• 2019

Vacuum Insulation Panel(VIP) has the lowest thermal conductivity among present insulations. It is composed of envelope, core material and getter. Aluminum film is usually used as the envelope of VIP, and it is important component to decide the useful life of VIP. In this research, the thermophysical properties of incombustible fiber glass core VIP were investigated with the possibility of its architectural applications. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: 1) The thermal conductivity of 20mm-thick fiber glass core VIP is resulted as 0.00177W/m·K, which means that 20mm-thick VIP can meet all the reinforced insulation guideline and it can be used in any envelope of any region in Korea. 2) As a result of the test of incombustion and gas toxicity, fiber glass core VIP was suitable for incombustible material. 3) As the test result for the long term thermal conductivity, fiber glass core VIP was found out that it would keep above 10 times insulating performance than polystyrene foam and glass fiber. 4) To meet the thermal transmittance of 0.12W/㎡K, limited-combustible insulation of expanded polystyrene foam and phenolic foam should be used respectively as thick as above 280mm and 170mm, incombustible VIP can meet the same insulation level with 20mm thickness. 5) The price competitiveness of incombustible VIP to meet the thermal transmittance of 0.12W/㎡·K was about 1,500won/㎡ higher than that of phenolic foam.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 1985

This study was designed to find out the optimum processing condition and the characteristics of yeots : In this study, Yeoteses were made from glutinous rice, Rice, Millet, Sorghum and Corn by microwave oven. The textural parameters of various Yeotses were determined by sensory evaluation and Rheometermeasurement. RESULTS : 1. The sweetness of all the raw materials before saccharification is 11%. In case of the sweetness of the raw materials after saccharification, Glutinous rice was the highest(28.8%) and Corn was the lowest(17.7%). Also, the sweetness of Glutionous rice Yeots was the highest(86%) and Corn Yeots was the lowest(82.7%).It showed similar tendancy to the sensory evaluation for sweetness. 2. The pH of the raw materials before saccharification was 4.4.The pH of sorgphum after-saccharification was the highest (4.7) and that of Corn was the lowest (4.3). 3. In the sensory evaluation of the various Yeotses, Glutinous rice Yeots showed the best quality and it did not showed any significant difference between glutinous Yeots and Rice Yeots.The overalll quality of Milet, Sorghum and Corn Yeotses were inferior to Glutnous and Rice Yeotses. Textural characteristics by Rheometermeasurement revealed differences among the various Yeotses. Hardness, Cohesiveness, Adhesiveness were the highest in Glutinous rice and Rice Yeotses. Adhesiveness showed similar tendancy to that of the sensory evaluation. 4. However, Becuase glutinous rice is more expensive than rice, it is desirable that we use Rice Yeots.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

Although the life jacket can provide the buoyance with the drowner, heat loss can make the drowned individual be subject to the hypothermia. In this study, The thermal insulation of two types life jacket including inflatable and foam type were evaluate by both experiments and numerical analysis. To estimate the thermal resistance of the jackets, experiments on the heat flux were conducted by the thermal manikin exposed to cold water. Heat flux loss on the surface of thermal manikin were measured for both foam and inflatable type life jacket. Also, finite element method is applied to a body section in order to understand the level of hypothermia of each life jacket. The segmental of human thigh is represented by a multi-layered section which considers the heat conduction within tissue, bone and fat. As a result, the thermal resistance and hypothermia time of each jackets have been compared based on the finite element analysis. It was found that the insulation ability of suggested life jackets is better than that of conventional type.