• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.527-535
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• 2018

This study examines how the implementation of the Normalization policy of public institutions aimed at reducing debt affects accounting conservatism in public corporations. In particular, we analyze the general behavior of accounting conservatism based on debt ratio, and analyze whether the policy has changed this behavior of conservatism. Empirical findings are summarized as following. We show that debt ratios are positively associated with conservatism, consistent with the result for the private corporations. This result means that public corporations increase their conservatism as their debt ratios increase. However, no significant effect is found in this relationship after the implementation of the policy. This finding implies that the implementation of Normalization policy is not a factor that alters the conservative accounting practices of public corporations. This suggests that the recent debt reduction performance of public corporations is irrelevant to conservatism and is the result of the actual process of normalization of management. The results documented in this paper provide an important empirical evidence for evaluating the performance of the government policy at the present time when the debt reduction policy of public institutions is viewed more important than ever.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.105-113
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• 2016

This study analyzed and verified panel data based on CSMAR (China Stock Market & Accounting Research) DB from 2002 to 2014 in order to find out significant differences of conservative accounting before and after Chinese companies adopted international accounting standards. Financial changes in companies can occur at the point of change in accounting standards, and as the difference would affect conservative accounting, it is important to understand conservatism in financial transaction. In this study, earnings per share and price, return on equity, and debt ratio were measured. As a result of analysis, conservative accounting has increased after the introduction of accounting standards, and as the debt ratio was higher, the proportion of conservative accounting was higher. Thus, at a certain point of change in accounting standards, companies apply conservative accounting in order to improve reliability in an unstable future financial environment. Therefore, this study is expected not only to practically influence business practice in changes in GAAP rules but also to provide useful guidance for future studies.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.103-108
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• 2020

본 연구는 미청구공사의 테마감리 지정으로 인해 해당 기업의 보수주의 성향이 증가하였는지 검증한다. 미청구공사에 대한 테마감리 대상지정 배경은 공사 진행률 과대산정 및 평가의 적정성 문제로 회계적 의혹의 적정성에서부터 출발하였다. 미청구공사 금액 계산 시 밀접하게 연관되는 공사진행률은 경영자의 재량적 판단이 반영될 수 있다. 만약 경영자가 이익을 상향할 목적으로 진행률을 부풀린다면 미청구공사가 과다하게 인식되는 문제가 발생한다. 이러한 문제점은 2013년 일부 건설업계의 어닝쇼크를 비롯하여 수주산업에서의 회계부실 문제가 사회적으로 큰 이슈가 되었다. 특히 조선업과 건설업의 잇달은 부실과 함께 미청구공사와 관련된 회계 불투명성이 크게 드러나는 등 회계자료에 대한 불신이 증가되었다. 이로 인해 미청구공사 과대계상 이슈는 금융감독원의 테마감리 대상으로 지정되었다. 본 연구의 실증분석 방법은 2012년부터 2017년까지 Basu(1997)의 보수주의 측정 모형을 이용하여 미청구공사 금액을 반영하기 전과 후를 비교하여 동 기업의 보수주의 회계처리에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 중요분석 결과로는 테마감리 지정 이후에 미청구공사에 대한 보수적 회계처리가 유의하게 증가되었다. 이를 통해 테마감리 지정 목적인 미청구공사금액의 과대계상 금지와 공시 강화라는 측면에서 그 실효성을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.314-323
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• 2022

This study examines the effecs of National Pension Service blockholders on accounting conservatism. The sample consists of 10,117 non-banking firm-years listed in Korea Stock Exchange(KOSPI) during the period 2011 to 2018. The results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that companies in which the National Pension Service as a major shareholder hold more than 5% of the shares are less prone to conservative accounting treatment than those that do not. Second, such a negative relationship between investment by the National Pension Service and conservative accounting was consistently found even when the investment period of the National Pension Service was divided into short-term (less than 1 year) and long-term (more than 3 years). It is expected that the National Pension Service, the largest institutional investor in Korea, will be able to carry out meaningful management control activities on investment companies. As the monitoring function of the National Pension Service works effectively in the capital market, agency costs are reduced, and investors' demands for corporate conservative accounting have decreased.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2021

On December 2015, Financial Supervisory Service(FSS) announced the four key thematic audit review areas, one of them is an appropriation of unbilled revenue. Accounting of unbilled revenue is intertwined with a percentage of completion, that is concerned about discretionary decision by manager. Therefore, if manager motivated by income-increasing manipulation is exaggerating percentage of completion, unbilled revenue is excessively recognized. This problem is caused the serious accounting issues(e.g., shock at a loss for 2013 fiscal year by some construction firms, malpractice of accounting in order-made production industry). Distrust of accounting was grown because the shipbuilding and construction industries successively went poor management and bad accounting of them is revealed. Those accounting issues were the trigger for problem recognition of unbilled revenue, they were background for the designation of appropriation unbilled revenue as thematic audit review areas by FSS. Therefore, this study verified effectiveness of thematic audit review by empirically analyzing whether designation of thematic audit review makes the firm increases conservative behavior. Conservative accounting is estimated by using Basu(1997) model. We analyzed the effect of the thematic audit review on conservative accounting of unbilled revenue by comparing with reflecting unbilled revenue or not. The sample for test consists of firm-years the manufacturing and construction industries from 2012 to 2017. The test results of this study suggested that the conservative accounting of unbilled revenue after designation of the thematic audit review was significantly increased. We also tested again by classifying whether or not it is construction industry. We found that construction industry is more conservative than the other industry only for the designated year of the thematic audit review, otherwise there was not any evidence for significantly increasing conservatism. This study contributes to the literature by empirically analysing relationship of the unbilled revenue to the thematic audit review from the perspective of the conservatism and verifying effectiveness of the thematic audit review.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.393-400
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• 2022

In a situation where the company handles accounting conservatively, the management's earnings forecasting information will be more conservative, and the conservativeness of this earnings forecasting information will have a differential effect in evaluating the performance of managers and paying compensation. This study aims to examine how the level of corporate accounting conservatism affects the forecast information of managers and how this affects the compensation of managers. This study establishes a hypothesis on the effect of the level of accounting conservatism on the earnings forecasting information and compensation of managers, and examines the relationship between managerial profit forecasting information & manager compensation according of conservatism in corporate accounting that can vary depending on the manager's disposition. As a result of the analysis, conservative managers are also conservative in earnings forecasting disclosure, and when corporate managers are highly conservative, they show their ability by making earnings forecasts disclosures more frequently and more accurately than corporate managers with low conservatism. It will help reduce the forecasting errors of stakeholders. Therefore, it is expected that this will play an important role in judging the manager's ability and determining compensation. Therefore, when a company handles accounting conservatively, management's earnings forecasts are also measured conservatively, which is expected to provide useful information on the basis and form of management's compensation to stakeholders.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 1998.03a
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• pp.199-203
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• 1998

활동정보회계시스템은 전통적인 복식부기시스템을 개선·보완하기 위해 도입된 것으로 사용자들이 쉽게 이용할 수 있고(user friendly), 직접 자사의 업종에 적합한 회계시스템을 구축할 수 있는 기본적인 툴(basic tool)를 제공해준다. 전통적으로 전산회계시스템은 개발에 막대한 비용이 투입될 뿐만 아니라 이미 개발된 시스템도 환경적인 요인이 변화되면 사용하기 어렵거나, 유지보수가 매우 어렵다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 활동정보회계시스템은 이러한 단점을 극복할 수 있도록 해준다. 예컨대 , 이 시스템은 회계상의 거래를 처리할 때 반드시 준수해야 하는 일반적으로 인정된 회계원칙인 기업회계기준이 개정되었다고 하더라도 큰 제약을 받지 않고 곧바로 시스템의 내용을 이용자들이 손쉽게 변경할 수 있도록 설계되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 활동정보회계시스템이 모든업종(영리단체와 비영리단체)에 적용될 수 있음을 제시하여 ,매우 유연성이 높은 시스템을 입증하고자 한다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1203-1213
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• 2013

Governmental accounting system has changed from budgetary accounting on the basis of cash and bookkeeping by single entry to financial accounting on the basis of accrual and bookkeeping by double entry. In the context of this transition, infrastructure becomes considered an asset in accounting, and resulting accounting methods also take different approaches from conventional budgetary accounting. Financial accounting system defines expenditures into two categories, i.e. capital expenditure(CAPEX) and operational expenditure(OPEX), and stipulates that the expenditure shall be divided into those two categories before accounting. The construction and expansion of infrastructure must be considered a CAPEX because it means a sort of asset acquisition, but with regard to applications in practical accounting, it is actually challenging to judge whether any expenditure associated with maintenance works (including repair and service) during use of infrastructure acquired shall be considered CAPEX or OPEX. This paper suggested an asset management based accounting method for sewer maintenance expenditure. And it applied the method to actual accounting cases and analyzed them in comparison with conventional financial information. As a case study result, Sewer asset value of S city increased approximately 700 hundred won because sewer maintenance expenditure are classified between OPEX and CAPEX according to the proposed accounting method. It is expected that the proposed accounting method will contribute significantly to providing any proper sewer asset value information.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2016

In this research, The new CEO is expected to increase a reporting income through earning management for individual benefit such as a good reputation, high compensation and CEO' s contract extension in the early years of service, of which may influence value relevance of the accounting numbers. We investigate the change of value relevance from 2004 to 2014, compare firms with a change of CEO and firms with non-change of CEO and analysis the value relevance in the early years and in the late years of the new CEO. The results of research are as follows. First, value relevance of EPS of firms with change of CEO are decreased, whereas value relevance of BPS are increased in the regression of all sample. Second, value relevance of EPS are decreased, whereas value relevance of BPS are increased in the early years of the new CEO. This research makes a contribution to provide the first proof about influence of value relevance by the earning management in the early years of the new CEO in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.71-98
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• 2000

본 연구는 1988년 6월부터 1994년 12월까지 우리나라 주식시장에 상장된 267개 최초공모주 를 대상으로 3년간 성과를 분석하고 그리고 이들 기업들이 채택한 이익관리방법에 따라 성과에 차이가 나는지를 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 누적초과수익률(CAR)로 추정한 최초공모주의 장기성과는 양(+)의 초과성과를 매입보유초과수익률(BHAR)로 추정한 경우에서는 저성과를 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 그리고 공개기업의 이익관리방법에 따라 성과에 차이가 나는지를 보기위해 표본기업 267개 기업중 기업의 결산시점이 달라 분석이 어려운 기업들을 제외한 후 219개 기업을 표본으로 하여 누적초과수익률(CAR)과 매입보유초과수익률(BHAR)로 분석한 결과, 두 모형 모두에서 기업의 이익을 공격적으로 관리한 기업(DCA2)의 성과가 이익을 보수적으로 관리한 기업(DAC1)의 성과보다 낮게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 이상의 결과에 대해 명확한 해석을 내리기에는 기업의 제반환경 및 여건 등이 영향을 미칠 수 있어 어려움이 따르나 고려할 수 있는 이유 중 하나로 최초공모주 기업들이 공개에 앞서 기업성과를 과대계상하거나 또는 매출액 및 이익부풀리기 등과 같은 분식회계처리방법이 한 요인이 된 것으로 해석할 수 있다.