• Title/Summary/Keyword: 보수물질

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Characteristic of Inorganic Contaminants and Conservation Treatment Materials for the Three-Storied Stone Pagoda of Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju (경주 불국사 삼층석탑(석가탑)의 무기오염물과 보수물질 특성)

  • Lee, Gemma;Kim, Sa Duk;Park, Sungchul;Kim, Derk Moon
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.421-431
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    • 2018
  • Analyses of the three-storied stone pagoda at the Bulguksa temple in Gyeongju were carried out in order to identify the cause for material characteristics of inorganic contaminants and conservation treatment materials. Results indicated that foreign soil or weathering soil caused yellow discoloration of the pagoda, reddish-brown contaminants were formed by goethite (FeOOH), an iron oxide mineral, and black pollutants were formed by manganese (Mn) oxide, leading to discoloration of the rock. Among the restoration materials used in the past, cement mortar could cause whitening by reacting with the external environment. The results were used as basic standards to evaluate the material characteristics of the surface contaminants and identify a set of effective conservation treatments. Nevertheless, continuous monitoring is required, as there is a high possibility of regeneration of pollutants in the future because of the continuous exposure of the pagoda to the external environment.

Studies on Damage Characteristics of Gyeongju Bunhwangsa Stone Brick Pagoda (경주 분황사 모전석탑의 손상 특성 연구)

  • Do, Jin Young;Kim, Jeong Jin
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.149-159
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    • 2018
  • The Gyeongju Bunhwangsa Stone Brick Pagoda, which was built with bricks of andesite, is the oldest brick stone pagoda of Silla period. The damage patterns in the stone pagoda are pollutants such as white crust, black crust, discoloration, soil adsorption, and microorganisms, and repair materials. The damage pattern of structural factors in the Stone Brick Pagoda is a bulging phenomenon. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, white crust are mainly consist of calcite ($CaCO_3$) and thermonatrite ($Na_2CO_3{\cdot}H_2O$) that evaporite finds in nature. Damage pattern varies depending on location of stone pagoda. The pollutants are first story body of pagoda. The microorganisms are confirmed at base, lion statues, first and second story capstone, and repair materials observed at base. The bulging phenomenon appeared on the first story body of the pagoda. Occupancy rates by damage type were higher in the order of microorganisms, pollutants, repair material, bulging phenomenon, and peeling. The highest percentage of individual damage patterns were black microorganisms (39.3%), followed by lichen (17.9%), discoloration (8.0%), white crust (5.5%), cement mortar (5.1%) and peeling (3.1%).

Physical Properties of Dietary Fiber Sources from Peel of Asian Pear Fruit at Different Growth Stages (생육단계별 배 과피에서 분리한 식이섬유원의 물리적 특성)

  • Zhang, Xian;Lee, Fan-Zhu;Eun, Jong-Bang
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.905-911
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    • 2005
  • Physical properties and compositions of dietary fiber sources (DFS) from peels of Asian pear fruit, Hosui, Niitaka and Chuwhangbae, were examined at different growth stages, young, unripe, and ripe fruits, to investigate their use as functional ingredients. Total dietary fiber (TDF) contents of DFS prepared from peels of three cultivars at three stages were high, 74.00-88.38%, with most being insoluble dietary fiber. Total phenolic compound contents of DFS were 1.64-4.46mg/g, with those of Niitaka and Chuwhangbae increasing with growth stages. Density of DFS from young fruit was significantly lower than those from unripe and ripe fruits (p<0.05), because particle size of DFS increased with growth stages within cultivars. Water-holding capacity (WHC) and oil absorption were 3.11-6.03g water/g solid and 1.98-2.57g oil/g sample, respectively. Young fruits, which showed lowest WHC value, had highest oil absorption value. Particle size of DFS had significant correlation with density, WHC, and oil absorption (p<0.05). Physical properties of DFS were mainly influenced by cellulose and uronic acid.

난연 코팅에 관한 최근의 문제의 해결방안

  • Lee, Mi-Suk
    • 방재와보험
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    • s.110
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    • pp.51-54
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    • 2005
  • 건물의 유지보수를 위해 연소성 물질인 페인트로 겹겹이 덧칠해진 벽은 불이 번지는 연료로 작용할 뿐만 아니라 화재를 가속화시키는 위험을 안고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방화 코팅은 화재의 확산을 막을 뿐만 아니라 화마로 부터 탈출할 시간을 벌어주며, 비용절감 측면에서도 이점을 제공하는 좋은 해결책이 될 수 있다.

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공정안전관리(PSM) 대상 사업장의 효율적 관리방안에 관한 연구

  • 함병호
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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    • 2002.05a
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    • pp.165-168
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    • 2002
  • 화학물질을 대량 취급하는 사업장은 화재$\cdot$폭발 및 독성물질 누출 사고가 발생할 경우 사고의 영향이 사업장 내부는 물론 인근 주민과 주변 환경에까지 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 무엇보다도 사고의 예방이 중요하나 일반적으로 공정설비의 규모가 크고, 운전$\cdot$변경 성능유지$\cdot$보수 등에 있어 고도의 전문성이 필요하며, 사고의 위험요인이 다양하기 때문에 타 산업에 비해 안전성 확보가 어려운 실정이다[1].(중략)

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Weathering Impact for Rock Properties and Material Characteristics of Concretes Used Stone Pagoda of the Mireuksaji Temple Site, Iksan, Korea (익산 미륵사지 석탑에 사용된 콘크리트의 재료학적 특성과 석재의 풍화에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee Dong-Sik;Lee Chan-Hee;Kim Ji-Young
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.39 no.3 s.178
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    • pp.285-299
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    • 2006
  • The Mireuksaji stone pagoda in Iksan is the largest stone pagoda existing in Eastern Asia. It was assumed that originally it had been established in the shape of nine-storied pagoda but as time went by only six-storied pagoda remained partially due to collapsing, repair and reconstruction. According to the reference, we can't make sure when its modification happened. The form that the pagoda is having now, was modified with concrete by the Japanese during the 1910s. The materials mixed in concrete were mixture of Portland cement, all sorts of stone, sand, and a little bit of new building stone, additive and compound. And also these materials were applied to cultural assets without any experiment at the time of 1910s as maintenance, which are still used recently. To prevent the change of its shape, the west side, south side and the north side which is partially destructed was rebuilt and reinforced with concrete and some of the deformed parts were also filled. The amounts of concrete used were about 200 tons. Such method had prevented the pagoda from destructing, however, by choosing a wrong repair method, its surface of the stone has secondary contaminants and precipitation caused by concrete. This kind of contamination speeds up the weathering which accelerates the aging mechanism of the stone to make it even harder to revive the absence of historical nature. Therefore, we are to find the best cleaning method to remove the secondary hazard contaminants.

Analysis of Transportation and Handling System of Advanced Spent Fuel Management Process Using Graphic Simulator (그래픽 전산모사를 이용한 차세대관리공정 원격운반취급 분석)

  • 홍동희;윤지섭;김성현;송태길;진재현
    • Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.431-437
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    • 2003
  • The graphic simulator has been used to analyze the problems that can occur during transporting and handling radioactive materials, and to derive necessary devices that can transport and handle spent fuel powder without scattering in a hot cell. The graphic simulator has advantages over the real scale physical mockup with respect to cost and schedule. The process equipment and maintenance devices can be verified in advance with less cost and reduced schedule. The derived results are being reflected in the design of equipment for demonstration and are being verified during demonstration.

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