• The Korean Nurse
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• v.17 no.4 s.96
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• pp.41-47
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• 1978

1. 기초간호교육제도- 기초간호교육은 4년제 대학과정과 3년제 전문 대학과정의 두 제도가 있다. 수업년한, 졸업기준 학점이 다르다. ''학술의 심오한 이론, 그 정치하고 광범한 응용방법을 교수 연구하고 지도적 인격을 도야함''은 대학의 교육목적이며, 전문대학은 ''전문적 지식과 이론을 교수''연구하며 재능을 연마하여 중견 직업인을 양성함''으로 명시되었다. 전자는 학문과 지도력에 중점을 두었고 후자는 전문적 지식과 이론에 바탕을 둔 재능의 연마와 중견직업인에 역점을 두고 있다. 교육과정의 편성비율에 있어서도 대학과정과 전문대학 과정에 현저한 차가 있다. 전문대학은 총 이수학점 중 20$\%$를, 대학과정은 30$\%$를 교양과목으로 과하고 있고, 전문대학은 전공선택과 필수를 총 학점의 80$\%$로 하는데 비해 대학과정은 총 이수학점의 50$\%$ 내외로 하고 자유선택, 부전공 등에 나머지를 할애하고 있다(표 7, 표 8) 2. 계속교육제도- 계속교육제도는 정규교육제도에 포함되고 있는 대학원 과정과 보사부장관이 인정하는 특정 기관에서 개설하는 특수분야별 수습과정들로 나눌 수 있다. 대학원 과정은 간호학 전공 외에도 보건학 교육학동 인접학문 영역을 연구하여 학위를 받고 있고 서울대학교와 연세대학교에서 박사학위 과정을 개설하고 있다. 전공분야별 간호원의 자격인정은 보건간호, 마취간호, 정신간호 분야에 가능하나 극소수의 간호원 자격을 취득하고 있다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.72-79
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• 2014

This paper presents a method for constructing a pipeline-aware quasi-cyclic irregular repeat accumulate low-density parity-check (PA-QC-IRA-LDPC) codes and efficient rate-1/2 (2016, 1008) PA-QC-IRA-LDPC decoder architecture. A novel pipeline scheduling method is proposed. The proposed methods efficiently reduce the critical path using pipeline without any bit error rate (BER) degradation. The proposed pipeline-aware LDPC decoder provides a significant improvement in terms of throughput, hardware efficiency, and energy efficiency. Synthesis and layout of the proposed architecture is performed using 90-nm CMOS standard cell technology. The proposed architecture shows more than 53% improvement of area efficiency and much better energy efficiency compared to the previously reported architectures.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 1989

1983년 1월 부터 1987년 12월까지 5년간 부산의 세곳 대학병원(부산의대, 고신의대, 인제의대)에서 병리조직학적으로 확진된 갑상선암 629예중 병력지 관찰이 가능하였던, 478예를 분석하여 1988년 보사부에서 발행한 Five Years' Report for Cancer Registry Programmme in Republic of Korea (1982 7. 1$\sim$1987. 6.30)의 발생빈도와 비교하였으며, 478예중 311예의 갑상선주사 소견을 분류하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 전체 악성암에 대한 갑상선암의 발생빈도는 2.54%(629/24.749)이었으며 이는 한국인에 있어서의 발생빈도와 거의 같았다(2.5%). 2) 여자에서 5배 이상 발생하여 (1 : 5.64) 이것 역시 한국인에서의 성별빈도와 매우 유사하였다(1 : 5.22). 3) 연령분포는 10세에서 91세까지로서 87.03%가 20세에서 59세 사이에 있었다. 4) 유두상암이 가장 흔하였고(78.24%),다음이 여포상암(14.44%) 그 다음이 미분화암(22.30%) 이었다. 5) 갑상선주사 소견상 대부분의 암은 solitary cold nodule을 보였다(82.96% : 258/311).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-74
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• 1996

Donguisusaebowon, Kogchigo are wrritten by Dong-Mu. Dokhaengpyun of the Kogchigo has philosophy of Dong-Mu about Gi-In. In order to understand constitutional medicine of Dong-Mu, it is necessary to study about Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja(four types of man) in Dokhaengpyun. The results are summarized as follows : 1. In Dokhaengpyu, it is defined that In-Eui-Ye-JI - the nature of human - as In-Ja, Eui-Ja, Ye-Ja, Ji-Ja. This attribute is composed of Chung-Sin-Ip-Yong. We can know that this concept, that is Chung-Sin-Yeum-Hae'Ja, is relative to the Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja. 2. We can think and infer the relation of Sabujisim of Myeng-Ja and Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja from Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Bu that is attribute of In-Eui-Ye-ji'Ja. Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja can approach the behavior of Chung-Sin-Yeum-Hae'Ja, if they heard the attitude of YouHaHye and BaelYi which they have attribute of In-Eui-Ye-Ji'Ja. 3. They explain Tthat Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra-Jisim is quoted from SaBuJiSim of Dahak. Thinking that Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra-Jisim of Dokaengpyun and SaBujiSim of YuRiak, we know that there is no rule. So, it is difficult that we can infer the Simyok and make some pattern. 4. The relationship of Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja and In-Eui-Ye-Ji are different from the relationship of Dokhaegpyun, Sadanron, In-Eui-Ye-Ji of YuRiak and Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja. If we regard the In-Eui-Ye-Ji Sadan as the nature of human, many attritude can be possible and it may be different that apply a Sadan to the proper time and environment. Therefore, we have to be accepted change, as applying method than fixing idea.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate the mercury concentration of restaurant meals and to estimate the total dietary intake of mercury. Experimental subjects were 66 cases in 11 kinds of common restaurant meals collected from the Seoul area. Total mercury was determined by Hg-analyzer and two kinds of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results were as follows: 1. Mean value of mercury contents in fluid of meals was about 0.002 ppm and there was no significant difference between the two methods. 2. Mercury concentration of residue by AAS was significantly higher than that by Hg-analyzer. The mean values of mercury concentration were 2.423 ppm, 10.229 ppm and 11.655 ppm by Hg-analyzer, AAS-PE and AAS-Hi, respectively. 3. Dietary intake of mercury from the meals was estimated $7.806\;\mu\textrm{g}/day$ by Hg-analyzer and 31.290, $35.349\;\mu\textrm{g}/day$ by two kinds of AAS. The values were lower than the FAO/WHO limit, $42.9\;\mu\textrm{g}/day$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 2008

This study was conducted to response the photosynthetic rate and anatomical characters in one year ginseng plant against the light transmission ratio (10%, 20% and 30% in natural light) under shading materials by polyethylene (PE) net. The chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis of ginseng according to the light transmissivity showed decreasing trend as the light transmission ratio increased. At the higher light transmission ratio condition, leaves showed the chlorosis due to the physiological disorder, stems formed hypodermis, and phloem development inside the vascular tissue shrunk remarkably. Also, roots showed the epidermis destruction and less cambium development at the higher light intensity. The root weight also decreased as the light transmission ratio increased.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2003

Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita cv. Jang-Ma) plants showing necrotic mosaic symptom were collected from their growing fields in Andong, Euisong, Gunwi and Daegu, Korea. Direct negative stainning method by electron microscope showed filamentous particles of about 660 nm in length. Immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) revealed filamentous particles of 660nm decorated with antiserum of Chinese yam necrotic mosaic virus (ChYNMV). The virues purified partially were used to isolate viral RNA as template for RT-PCR to amplify about 1.2 kbp of 3'-terminal region (coat protein, 3'-UTR) with ChYNMV specific and oligo-dT primers. Amino acids sequences of amplified CP genes revealed that the viruses shared 97.9% similarity with ChYNMV (AB044386) wh ich was known as the member of Macluravirus. So the viruses from Chinese yam (D. opposita cv. Jang-Ma) plants were identified as ChYNMV. Comparing the CP amion acid sequences of ChYNMV strains with other macluraviruses such as Cardamon mosaic virus (CdMV), Narcissus latent virus (NLV) and Maclura mosaic virus (MacMV) revealed that N-terminal was the most varialbe region and conserved regions were present within the genus Macluravirus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the sanitary quality of ground water in Pusan area(see Fig. 1). One hundred and thirty two water samples were collected from the 11 stations from October 1981 to Sept ember 1982. To evaluate the sanitary quality, coliform group, fecal coliform, viable cell count and composition of coliform group by IMViC reaction were observed. The median value of coliform group MPN of the samples were 59/100 ml in Udong and Daesindong, 68/100 ml in Suyeong, Yeonsandong and Sungjigog, 43/100 ml in Jenpodong and Mangmidong, 33/100 ml in Yeongdo and Dongrae, and 13.3/100 ml in Gammandong. Geometric mean of fecal coliform MPM was 4.1/100ml in Udong, 8.6/100 ml in Suyeong, 8.1/100 ml in Jenpodong, 6.1/100 ml in Daesindong and Dongrae, 8.7/100 ml in Yeongdo, 7.1/100 ml in Mangmidong, 6.5/100 ml in Yeonsandong, 9.1/100 ml in Sungjigog, 3.0/100 ml in Gammandong and 7.6/100 ml in Gupo. The seasonal difference of total coliform showed much more contamination in June or July when there were more climers than in December though it was caused by the rise of loafer temperature. With 50 percentile of total coliform MPN July was about 30 times higher than December for July was 163.5/100 ml and December 5.3/100 ml, Particularly, June was about 1.3 times higher than July in contamination because of a sudden increase of people using it. Composition of coliform was $7.64\%$ Escherichia coli, group, $42.86\%$ Citrobacter freundii group, $16.78\%$ Klebsiella aerogenes group and $32.72\%$ others. Plate count of samples was varied from 48 to $4.4{\times10}^2/ml$ during the study period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.502-508
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• 1992

From 1969, when the National Nutrition Survey started, to 1989, survey methods are studied for each year. survey methods are examined about the area surveyed, the size and the contents of survey. The National Nutrition Survey are supervised by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (MOHSA). The department in charged are changed according to the reorganization of the ministry. Items of the physical examination in the contents of survey are decreased. Sampling methods are changed two times. Until 1974, area and household surveyed are smaller than 1,000 households. From 1989, the number of households surveyed are 2,000. The number of subject surveyed are changed at 1974, 1983 and 1988. From 1988, the number of subject surveyed are about 8,000. Seasons for the survey are summer before 1978 and fall after that. The result suggests that careful attention should be paid to analyzing results of survey because of variation in seasons.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.812-816
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• 2017

Although amaranth, a red-colored tar dye, is usually used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics, its bioavailability and intestinal absorption have not previously been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics properties and intestinal permeability of amaranth in rats following the intravenous and oral administration of this dye. Amaranth rapidly disappeared from the plasma following the intravenous injection, with a half-life of 38.8 minutes. However, the plasma concentration of amaranth was increased to 400 minutes following the oral administration of amaranth, and the absorption time and bioavailability of amaranth were calculated to be 356 minutes and 55.6%, respectively. This suggests that once amaranth exists in the gut, this dye may be efficiently and effectively absorbed. Consistent with this result, the intestinal permeability of amaranth was comparable to atenolol, a marker compound of moderate permeability, and to one-third of caffeine's intestinal permeability (a highly permeable compound). In conclusion, a significantly long absorption time and substantial intestinal absorption of amaranth was observed following the oral administration of amaranth at a dose of 300 mg/kg in rats, despite the rapid elimination of this dye from the plasma. These results may suggest the necessity of a careful and limited use of amaranth dye when it is added to food, lip-care cosmetics, and orally administered pharmaceutics.