• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2022

Candidemia is a major cause of nosocomial infections resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It remains a serious risk in inpatients and increases medical treatment costs. From 2009 to 2018, Candida strains (3,533) isolated from blood culture tests at the S Hospital were analyzed according to the period, year, sex, age, ward, etc. During the entire period, 54,739 of 717,996 blood culture tests showed a positive rate (7.6%) and the Candida isolation rate was 3,533 (6.4%) out of 1,036 patients. Among the Candida isolates, C. albicans was most common (33.8%), followed by C. tropicalis (28.6%), C. glabrata (19.8%), C. parapsilosis (7.8%), and C. krusei (4.0%). In early (2009~2013)/late (2014~2018) isolation, C. tropicalis decreased by 3.8% and C. glabrata increased by 3.4%. After 50 years of age, the higher the separation frequency. C. parapsilosis (31.3%) in 1~10s, C. tropicalis (30.3%) and C. glabrata (27.6%) in 41~50s, and C. tropicalis (28.6%) in 80s are relatively frequent. has been separated C. krusei was isolated in a relatively high proportion from females (60.9%). Therefore, a systematic and continuous nosocomial infection control system should be established for appropriate treatment as per antifungal treatment guidelines. The system should continuously monitor the distribution of Candida species and provide rapid identification results.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.600-605
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• 2005

Background : Primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin in never-been-treated tuberculosis patients, and this malady is caused by the transmission of a resistant strain from one patient, who is infected with a resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, to another patient. The prevalence of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis could be a good indicator of the performance of tuberculosis control programs in recent years. We conducted a case-control study to identify the risk factors for primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods : From January 1, 2001 to, June 30, 2003, by conducting prospective laboratory-based surveillance, we identified 29 hospitalized patients with P-MDRTB and these patients constituted a case group in this study. The controls were represented by all the patients with culture-confirmed drug susceptible tuberculosis who were admitted to National Masan Hospital during the same study period. The odds ratios for the patients with primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, as compared with those of the patients with drug susceptible tuberculosis, were calculated for each categorical variable with 95% confidence intervals. Results : Multivariate logistic regression showed that the presence of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-6.86) was independently associated with having primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Conclusion : This study has shown that diabetes mellitus might be one of the risk factors for primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2017

To understand the application in farm for the fish aquaculture, we investigated biological and pathological traits on red sea bream Pagrus major which were reared in each copper-alloy net cage and the synthetic fiber net cage for 9 months. Two groups of cage were made and set in Yokji-eup, Tongyoung, Gyeongsangnam-do in size of 25 m in diameter and 10 m of depth. Survival rate of the red sea bream in the rearing copper-alloy net cage and synthetic fiber cage showed 99.75% and 99.70% respectively, there was no significant difference. Daily weight growth rate in each net was shown to 2.13 g/day and 1.65 g/day. Health analysis by blood composition analysis showed a favorable result in the copper-alloy net cage rather than in the synthetic fiber net. Bioaccumulation of heavy metal such as Cu and Zn especially in gonad was higher than other organ. Bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn in the muscle was lower compared to the permitted standard for food safety. Pathogenic infection test discovered Microcotyle tai for parasite, V. alginolyticus and other five species for bacteria. But there was a little bit difference of bacteria infection in copper-alloy net cage and copper-alloy net cage is expected to be has antibacterial effect. Thus, copper-alloy net cage can be applied to farm considering its system stability, recycling, antibiosis and food safety.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.11 s.268
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• pp.822-827
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• 2006

Background: Lung transplantation is a definitive therapy for a variety of end stage lung diseases. Since 1996, we have performed thirteen cases of lung transplantation including two retransplantations, and we analyzed the outcomes, complications, and survivals of these patients. Material and Method: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of thirteen cases from July, 1996 to July, 2005. Result: During the period, 11 patients had undergone 43 lung and heart-lung transplantations, and two patients had retransplantation due to allograft failure. Mean age of recipients were $45.2{\pm}10.7$ years(range, $25{\sim}59$). Early complications were bleeding, reperfusion injury, and infection and late complications were mainly infection and post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease. Excluding the operative mortality, the mean survival period was 16.5 months($2{\sim}60$ months). Two retransplantations had been performed 2 weeks and 13 months after single lung transplantations. Conclusion: In order to achieve long term survival, early detection of complications and proper treatment in addition to surgical skills are necessary, and these efforts can promote better lung transplantation programs in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.209-226
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• 2018

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to develop evidence-based practice guideline for isolation in health care settings to prevent transmission of infectious diseases utilizing guideline adaption process. Methods: The process of guideline adaptation was performed according to the Korean hospital nurses association's guideline adaptation manual which consisted of three main phases, 9 modules, and 24 steps. Results: The adapted isolation guideline consisted of introduction, overview of isolation guideline, summary of recommendations, recommendations, references, and appendices. The guideline includes 224 recommendations in 4 sections which are organizational administration, standard precautions, transmission-based precautions, and education/counselling. Conclusion: The adapted isolation guideline is recommended to be disseminated and utilized by nurses and clinicians nationwide to improve the isolation practices for infected or colonized patients with communicable diseases and to decrease the transmission of infections in the healthcare settings.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.842-850
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• 2023

Pyrrolnitrin, pyrrolomycin, and pyoluteorin are functional halogenated phenylpyrrole derivatives (HPDs) derived from microorganisms with diverse antimicrobial activities. Pyrrolnitrin is a secondary metabolite produced from L-tryptophan through four-step reactions in Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia plymuthica, etc. It is currently used for the treatment of superficial dermatophytic fungal infections, has high antagonistic activities against soil-borne and foliar fungal infections, and has many industrial applications. Since pyrrolnitrin is easily decomposed by light, it is difficult to widely use it outdoors. As an alternative, fludioxonil, a synthetically produced non-systemic surface fungicide that is structurally similar and has excellent light stability, has been commercialized for seed and foliar treatment of plants. However, due to its high toxicity to aquatic organisms and adverse effects in human cell lines, many countries have established maximum residue levels and strictly control its levels. Pyrrolomycin and pyoluteorin, which have antibiotic/antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive bacteria and high anti-oomycete activity against the plant pathogen Pythium ultimum, respectively, were isolated and identified from microorganisms. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and production of natural pyrrolnitrin derived from bacteria and the characteristics of synthetic fludioxonil and other natural phenylpyrrole derivatives among the HPDs. We expect that a plethora of highly effective, novel HPDs that are safe for humans and environments will be developed through the generation of an HPD library by microbial biosynthesis and chemical synthesis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.500-506
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• 2023

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is emerging as a worldwide public health threat. Recently, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2)-producing sequence type (ST) 307 was identified main clone of CRKP, and dissemination of ST307 was reported in South Korea. This study examined the molecular characteristic and antimicrobial resistance pattern of 50 CRKP isolated from a tertiary hospital in Daejeon, from March 2020 to December 2021. Epidemiological relationship was analyzed by Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined using disk-diffusion method. PCR and DNA sequence analysis were performed to identify carbapenemase genes. CRKP infections were significantly more frequent in males and the patients aged ≥ 60 years. Among the 50 CRKP isolates, 46 isolates (92.0%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 44 isolates (88.0%) were carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CPKP). The major carbapenemase type was KPC-2 (36 isolates, 72.0%) and New Delhi metalloenzyme-1 (NDM-1) and NDM-5 were identified in 7 isolates (14.0%) and 1 isolate (2.0%), respectively. In particular, 88.9% (32/36) of KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae belonged to ST307, whereas 87.5% (7/8) of NDM-1,-5-producing K. pneumoniae belonged to non-ST307. These results suggest that proper infection control and effective surveillance network need to prevent not olny the spread of ST307, but also the development of non-ST307.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2001

배경: 본 연구는 1987년부터 1997년까지 원자력병원에서 수술을 시행한 500명의 식도암환자를 대상으로 하여 휴향적 방법을 통해 조기 및 장기성적, 재발양상, 예후인자 등을 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 대상환자 중에서 발병암이 있는 경우, 인두식도 경계부위나 위식도 경계부위 암, 고식적 우회술 또는 인공식도 삽입예 그리고 시험적 개흉술이나 개복술 만을 시행한 경우는 제외 시켰다. 식도 절제는 대부분 우측 개흉술을 이용한 Ivor Lewis 술식을 사용하였고 대부분의 문합은 stapler를 사용하였다. Extended lymph node dissection은 1994년 8월부터 시행하였고 그 이전에는 standard lymph node dissection을 하였다. 96.8%에서 위를 식도 대체장기로 사용하였고 경부에서 절제 및 재건술을 시행한 경우를 제외한 모든 식도재건은 후종격동을 통해 시행하였다. 결과: 474예(94.8%)가 편평상피 세포암이었고 대부분(58.2%)은 중부식도에 위치하였다. 술후병기는 47.4%가 stage III이었고 25%가 stage IIA이었다. 392예에서 근치적 절제가 가능하였고 74예는 고식적 절제를 시행하였으며, 식도열공을 통한 식도절제술과 경부에서의 유리공장 이식술을 시행한 34예는 위분류에서 제외하였다. 술후 유병율은 38.4%이었고 수술 사망률은 5.8%로 호흡기 감염, 문합부 유출이 주요 원인이었다. 대상환자의 99.8%에서 추적은 가능하였고 수술사망 예를 포함한 전체환자의 1, 2, 5년 생존율은 각각 63.5%, 38.9%, 19.4% 이었다. Standard lymph node dissection 그룹에서의 1, 2, 5년 생존율이 60.7%, 35.9%, 16.9%이었으나 extended lymph node dissection그룹에서는 1, 2, 4년 생존율이 70.2%, 46.5%, 30.9%이었다. 근치적 절제의 경우는 1, 2, 5년 생존률이 69.4%, 43.9%, 21.9%이었고, 고식적 절제의 경우는 37.8%, 17.6%, 7.3%이었다. 수술사망을 제외한 근치적 절제술과 extended lymph node dissection을 함께 시행한 경우의 4년 생존율은 35.6%이었다. 수술후 재발은 226예에서 발견되었고 주로 국소임파절(69%; 경부, 종격동, 복부)이었으며, 전신재발은 간, 폐, 뼈, 뇌 등의 순이었다. 결론: 저자들은 적절한 술후 환자관리가 선행되어야 하지만 근치적 절제와 광범위한 임파절 절제가 장기성적의 향상에 필수적 요소이고, 진행된 식도암에 있어서는 보다 효과적인 보강적 복합치료가 연구되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among empowerment, awareness and performance on standard precautions and identify the factors that affect performance of standard precaution in the health care workers. The data were collected from 200 health care workers working in the general hospital located Y city. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. The result of the stepwise multiple regression indicates the awareness predict 49.0% (F=191.98, P<.001) in the performance of standard precaution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop awareness of the standard precaution strategy program for improving the performance of standard precautions in health care workers.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

Foodborne diseases (FBD) pose significant public health problems and economic losses worldwide. In recent years, emerging foodborne diseases have resulted mainly from novel bacteria, viruses, protozoa, mycotoxins, prions in animal and plant sources. The consumption of unsafe food contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemical agents or naturally occurring toxins results in high morbidity and mortality. However, estimating the incidence and burden of FBD is a huge global challenge due to the difficulty in food source attribution to specific pathogenic or chemical hazards, underreported cases, diagnosing how infections are transmitted or when a person is infected are not well understood and thus makes the control of FBD very challenging. Therefore, implementing comprehensive food safety strategies and policies, enhancing surveillance, ensuring resilient health system, and intensifying education and training to ensure safe food and prevent foodborne diseases is everybody's responsibility.