• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.312-317
• /
• 2013

The armyworm, Pseudaletia separata was occurred suddenly in a golf club in Namhae, Gyeongnam province in 2013. Thus, pathogenicity of seven species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 strain, S. glaseri Dongrae strain, S. longicaudum Nonsan strain, S. monticolum Jiri strain and S. siamkayai, Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan strain, and H. bacteriophora Hamyang strain) was evaluated against armyworm on tall fescue in pot and golf course to control this pest environmentally friendly. The pathogenicity against P. separata larvae was significantly different depending on nematode species. The corrected mortality of fifth instar of P. separata was 100% in the treatment with S. carpocapsae GSN1 in 7 days in tall fescue pot. However, there was not different in the mortality of fifth instar of P. separata (80 to 100%) at the rate of 385 to 6,160 infective juveniles (Ijs) ($=2.5{\times}10^2$ to $4{\times}10^5Ijs/m^2$) of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain in each pot. Corrected mortality of P. separata was 65 and 60% at the rate of $10^5Ijs/m^2$ of S. carpocapsae GSN1 and S. longicaudum Nonsan strain, respectively in the tall fescue of golf course.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2022

Purposes: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of health service quality and perceived risks of Korean hospitals on the satisfaction and revisit of Kazakhstan's customers. Among two classified groups: health service providers and health service receivers, this study aims to identify the effects of health service receivers in Kazakhstan's health service quality and perceived risks on customer satisfaction. Methodology: Hypotheses were developed upon the explanations on health service quality, perceived risks, customer satisfaction, and revisit, advanced by prior literature. A survey was conducted on the effects of health service receivers in Kazakhstan's health service quality and perceived risks on customer satisfaction and revisit. The proposed hypotheses were confirmed by examining validity and reliability of the collected data, followed by regression analysis. Findings: First, the five dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles showed a positive correlation between the impacts of health service quality and customer satisfaction of Korean hospitals. Second, the physical risk, social risk, time-loss risk showed a negative correlation. Lastly, the relation between customer satisfaction and revisit showed a positive correlation. Practical Implication: Health service quality and perceived risks were identified to impose significant effects on Kazakhstan customers. The identified results suggest that Korean hospitals should implement management strategies based on the customers' satisfaction factor.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 2009

In 2008, leaf rot and blight on pepper seeding ("Dokya-chungchung") occurred in a pepper farm at Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The typical symptom is water-soaking and dark brown leaf blight at edges and tips of leaves. The fungal colonies isolated from infected tissues were pinkish at first and turned gradually to gray. Conidia were fusiform, non-septum, and $8.1-17.0{\times}2.0-3.8{\mu}m$ in size. Several specific PCR primers derived from the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA, such as CaINT, CgINT and CcINT were used for the identification of the fungal pathogen. The C. acutatum-specific primer CaINT was amplified single fragment of 496 bp that discriminated C. acutatum from the other species. The pathogenicity test was performed on seedlings and fruits of red pepper. On the basis of the morphological, molecular characteristics and pathogenicity test, we identified as Colletotrichum acutatum. This is the first report on leaf rot and blight on pepper seedling caused by C. acutatum in Korea.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.415-419
• /
• 2012

To know proper drying condition for making a safe Sunsik, uncooked food, microbial and physicochemical characteristics of cereal dried by hot-air drying was investigated. As moisture content of 3 Sunsik samples was reduced to about 8%, protein, carbohydrate, fat and ash content of those was increased. But approximate composition of black bean, black rice and glutinous millete and black bean showed little changes during hot-air drying (30, 40, $50^{\circ}C$). Lightness (L value), redness (a value) and yellowness (b value) was increased after hot-air drying. In case of black rice and glutinous millet, b value and L value wasn't changed individually. When we measured a texture for 3 kinds of raw cereal for, hardness of dried cereals was lower than raw cereals. Hardness of dried cereals was increasd as drying temperature was increased. As results of mocrobiologicl experiment for 3 kinds of sunsik on hot-air drying conditions, total cell count was reduced 2 log - 3 log and other pathogenic microorganism wasn't detected except B. cereus.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 1991

A cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus isolated from the oriental tobacco budworm, Heliothis assulta (HaCPV), was studied on morphology of the polyhedron and virus particles, analysis of viral protein and nucleic acid, and bioassay of the HaCPV to determine the feasibility of application as a microbial control agent. The shape of polyhedron was hexagonal ranging 0.5-3.7 ${\mu}m$ and the virus particles were icosahedral outline measured 55 nm in diameter. Polyhedral protein was composed of a major polypetide of 24.3 Kd and 5 minor components and virus particle had seven polypeptides ranging in 28.0 Kd-133. 6 Kd by the SDS-P AGE. The genome of virus was segmented with 10 double stranded RNA in the total mol. wt. of 18.08 Md ranging in 0.65 Md -2.79 Md. The $LC_{50}$ values of the HaCPV to the 3rd instar of H. assulta larvae were calculated to $2.895{\times}10^5PIBs/ml$. The $LT_{50}$ values in the concentration of $5.0{\times}10^{6}PIBs/ml$ was 16.4 days.

• 재활복지
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.59-81
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of participation of sports activities on job duties by analyzing job satisfaction of workers in rehabilitation hospital. From April to May 2015, 400 nurses, nursing assistants, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and administrative staffs were selected from eight rehabilitation hospitals in Busan Metropolitan City. Analysis was performed by t-test, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha analysis, one-way ANOVA and Duncan tests. correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted to obtain the following conclusions. As a result of the difference of job satisfaction according to participation form of sports activity, there was a significant difference in all factors such as exercise time, exercise frequency, sports item, and exercise period. As the exercise time and exercise frequency were higher and the athletic career was higher, Among the items, participation of aquarobic and aerobic was found to increase job satisfaction. Regression analysis showed that self - evaluation, job orientation, job commitment, and job satisfaction had positive effects among the five factors of job satisfaction. There is a significant difference.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.210-219
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to establish an efficient screening method for radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivars that are resistant to black spot, which is caused by Alternaria brassicicola. Seven A. brassicicola isolates were selected and investigated for their ability to produce spores and pathogenicity. Of these isolates, A. brassicicola KACC 40036 and 43923 produced abundant spores in V-8 juice agar medium and showed pathogenicity and strong virulence on radish seedlings. We examined the resistance of 61 commercial cultivars of radish to A. brassicicola KACC40036, and found that there are no highly resistant radish cultivars; however, some cultivars, such as 'Geumbong' and 'Searom', showed weak resistance to A. brassicicola. For further study, we selected four radish cultivars that showed different disease responses to A. brassicicola KACC40036. According to the growth stage of the radish seedlings, inoculum concentration, and incubation temperature of radish, development of black spot on four cultivars has been investigated. The results showed that younger seedlings were more sensitive to A. brassicicola than older seedlings, and the disease severity depended on the concentration of the spore suspension. The disease severity of plants incubated in humidity chamber at $25^{\circ}C$ was greater than that of plants grown at $20^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. Taken together, we suggest the following method for screening for radish plants that are resistant to A. brassicicola: 1) inoculate 16-day-old radish seedlings with an A. brassicicola spore suspension ($2.0{\times}10^5spores{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) using the spray method, 2) incubate the inoculated plants in a humidity chamber at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and then transfer the plants to a growth chamber at $25^{\circ}C$ with 80% relative humidity under a 12 h light/dark cycle, and 3) assess the disease severity of the plants two days after inoculation.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2004

Effect of solid grain media on the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and its biofunctional activities were investigated using seven kinds of grains. Foxtail millet and barley were good for growth of hypha of P. ostreatus. However, growth of the mycelium was very slow in the solid grain media containing wheat, corn and brown rice. Mycelial growth of P. ostreatus according to water content of solid grain media was good at 25% to 30%. Mycelial growth of P. ostreatus according to heating-time and temperature of solid grain media was good for 30 min at $121^{\circ}C$. Anticancer activities against lung cancer cell line of the myceial extracts from P. ostreatus grown on several grain media were strong in the corn, defatted soybean, brown rice, barly and black bean in order. Fibrinolytic activities of the myelial extracts were strong in order defatted soybean, wheat, foxtail millet, barley, brown rice and black bean. The mycelial extracts were showed good antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2007

Single spores were isolated from infected roots of Chinese cabbage with a typical clubroot symptom, collected from different Chinese cabbage cultivation areas in Korea. When the single spore isolates were inoculated on Chinese cabbage, radish, turnip, kale, leaf mustard and Williams' differential varieties, among 321 roots harvested two weeks after inoculation, a visual symptom was observed on only one root and light/uncommon symptoms were done on 70 roots. These 71 individuals were homogenized and used as inocula. These inocula caused generally higher pathogenicity than that of single spore. Finally 15 isolates, with enough growth for conducting further experiment, were selected. These 15 individuals were grouped four, seven, two and two into race 1, race 4, race 9 and race 11, respectively, using Williams' differential set. It was confirmed that race 4 were dominantly present in Korea. These 15 had been obtained from roots of Chinese cabbages, radishes and turnips inoculated with single resting spores and had shown pathogenicity to Laurentian and Wilhelmsburger belong to Rutabaga in Williams' differential variety set. Therefore, we assume that such characteristic pathotypes including race 4, especially, of P. brassicae showing strong pathogenicity to Chinese cabbage, radish and turnip may be dominant in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.447-456
• /
• 2008

Five effective strains against tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Steinernema carpocapsae (GSN1), Steinernema sp. (GSNUS-10), Steinernema sp. (GSNUS-14), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hamyang (HbH), and Heterorhabditis sp. (GSNUH-1) were selected among 14 isolates of Korean entomopathogenic nematode in laboratory tests. $LC_{50}$ values of above five strains against tobacco cutworm were various by different nematode strains and developmental stages of tobacco cutworm. $LC_{50}$ value of S. carpocapsae (GSN1) was the lowest by $4.0{\sim}8.3$ infective juveniles (Ijs) and 2nd instars of tobacco cutworm was most susceptible. Pathogenicity of five effective strains against tobacco cutworm depends on nematode strain, concentration, and application times. The most effective strain was determined as S. carpocapsae (GSN1). Two or three times of applications were effective regardless of nematode strain, or concentration. Efficacy of S. carpocapsae (GSN1), Steinernema (GSNUS-10), Steinernema (GSNUS-14), and Heterorhabditis (GSNUH-1) was variable depending on nematode strain, concentration, application times, and host variety. S. carpocapsae (GSN1) was the most effective and inoculation of 100,000 infective juveniles per m2 (720,000 Ijs/7.2 $m^2=1{\times}10^9$ Ijs/ha) resulted in higher efficacy. Three times of application of nematodes led to higher control efficacy than one or two applications. Efficacy of nematodes was higher on Chinese cabbage than cabbage or kale.