• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.356-362
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• 2003

Background: Intralobar and extralobar pulmonary sequestrations have been considered as congenital lesions that occur at different stages of embryonic life. However, most cases of intralobar pulmonary sequestration (IPS) seem to have an acquired origin, as they are absent in infants and associated anomalies are relatively, uncommon among them. Material and Method: The cases of 25 patients who were diagnosed as IPS after surgical resection from December, 1985 to July, 2002 were included in this study. The medical records wire retrospectively reviewed and the clinical characteristics were age at operation; gender; symptoms at presentation; presence of congenital anomalies; combined diseases; preoperative studies and diagnosis; location of the lesion; method of surgical resection; origin, size and numbers of aberrant artery; histopathological findings; and postoperative complications. Result: There were 17 (68%) female patients and 8 (32%) male patients, their ages ranged from 1 to 57 and mean value was 23 years old. Though 14 patients (56%) complained of respiratory symptoms such as pneumonia and recurrent respiratory infections, a large number of patients (44%) were asymptomatic or had chest pain only when the lesion was discovered. Only 8 patients (32%) were diagnosed as pulmonary sequestration preoperatively and 8 (32%) were suspected as mediastinal or lung tumor, 5 (20%) were congenital or acquired cystic lung disease, and 4 (16%) were lung abscess or bronchiectasis, respectively. The majority of aberrant arteries (86.4%) confirmed during the operation were originated from thoracic aorta and 2 were thoracic and abdominal aorta, 1 was abdominal aorta, respectively. The younger patients (less than 10 years old) had more other congenital anomalies (30% vs 6.7%) but the proportion of congenital IPS was not significantly different (10% vs 6.7%, p>0.05) compared with elder patients. Histopathologically, almost all lesions showed chronic inflammation, cystic changes and similar pleural adhesions regardless of age. Conclusion: The large portion of the patients with IPS (44%) was clinically asymptomatic or presented non-respiratory symptoms at diagnosis and likely to be diagnosed as mediastinal or lung tumor especially in elder patients. Though the younger patients had more other congenital anomalies, most cases of IPS proved to be acquired lesions in terms of the histopathlogical findings and the proportion of congenital evidences.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1990

The authors report series of 360 cases of transthoracic fine-needle aspiration cytology (TFNA) from Oct. 1982, through Aug. 1986 at the Seoul National University Hospital. A diagnosis of neoplastic lesion was established in 50.3% of the cases. A non-neoplastic diagnosis was made in 38.5%, nondiagnostic one in 6.5% and inadequate one in 4.7% of the total. Statistical findings on cytological diagnoses were as follows. Specificity was 100% ; sensitivity, 92% ; predictive value for positive, 1.0 ; predictive value for negative, 0.9 ; concordance rate, 84.2% ; diagnostic accuracy in non-neoplastic lesion, 65.4%, and typing accuracy in malignant tumor, 0.77.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.421-424
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• 2005

X-ray is currently most effective method in detecting small malignant breast tumors but has the several problems due to suppressing breast, ionizing radiation and not detecting small cancer. In this paper, a new method is proposed by using dielectric characteristics of pathological tissues and time delay of backscattered response. We have developed a detection algorithm and verified it by numerical simulation and measurement for a prototype system. For a prototype system, we have fabricated experimental model(artificial breast with a cancer) and UWB(ultra-wideband) antenna. The results of the measurement simulation show an excellent detection capability of a cancer tissue. It is found that a good UWB antenna is a key element of such detection system. Further study is ongoing to develop a commercial system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.325-328
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• 2002

The neuroendocrine tumor is a rare thymic neoplasm, which has been regarded as a distinct tumor from thymoma and originates from Kultschizky cell. The pathologic diagnosis of thymic neuroendocrine tumor has been on findings from light microscopy, immunohistochemical studies, and electron microscopy. About 50% of thymic carcinoids are seen with endocrinopathies. Recurrence and extrathoracic metastasis are characteristics of thymic carcinoids. Surgical removal of the initial and recurred tumor is considered to be the most effective treatment. The role of the adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is still uncertain. Herein we report a case of thymic neuroendocrine tumor, which was resected surgically.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1979.05a
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• pp.4.1-4
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• 1979

Otosclerosis is correctly termed otospongiosis progressiva insidiosa or more briefly otospongiosis. It consists of one or several circumscribed area of new, vascular, songy bone which is less dense and less sclerotic than the petrous bone of the normal labyrinthine capsule that it replaces. Clinically it causes progressive or sensorineural in nature. It occurs most commonly in middle aged adult. Authors analysed the cases which is thought otosclerosis clinically, and stapedectomy was performed for the purpose of therapy and pathological confirmation. This paper is dealt with its case study as well as pathological discussion and its literature analysis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.176-185
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• 2004

Purpose: Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by extensive crescent formation and rapid deterioration of renal function within few months. For better understanding of its clinical course and designing better treatment strategies, a clinicopathological study of childhood RPGN was performed. Methods: The clinical manifestations and pathological findings were reviewed retrospectively in 12 children who were diagnosed as having RPGN by clinical manifestations and renal biopsy during a period from 1991 to 2003. Several clinicopathological parameters were analyzed as prognostic factors. Results: Among a total of 12 patients, 4 were male and 8 were female. The median onset age was 11.5 years(range 5.5-14.6 years), and the median period of follow-up was 25 months(range 7 months-6.6 years). According to the pathological classification, 10 patients (83%) were type II RPGN(immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis), 2 patients were type III RPGN(pauci-immune glomerulonephritis), and none was type I RPGN(anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis). All patients were treated with oral steroid in various combinations with methylprednisolone pulse therapy(10 patients, 83%), cyclophosphamide(8 patients, 67%), or plasmapheresis(4 patients, 33%). Clinical outcomes of 12 patients were complete remission in 1(8%), end-stage renal disease in 2(17%), chronic renal insufficiency with persistent proteinuria in 2(17%), and normal renal function with persistent proteinuria in 7(58%) at the last follow-up. Poor prognosis is associated with increased serum creatinine level, severe anemia and younger age at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: Immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis is the major cause RPGN in children and most cases showed improvement of renal function with aggressive management. For better understanding of this rare disease, a prospective multicenter study should be done.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.764-767
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• 2002

An unusual case of primary leiomyosarcoma at the left lower posterior chest wall with metastasis to the right lung parenchyme is presented. The patient was a 43-year-old man who was asymptomatic but a slow growing hard mass was noted at the left lower posterior chest wall. The chest computed tomography showed a tumor at the left lower posterior chest wall with multiple metastasis to the right lung. The left lower posterior chest wall mass was examined by percutaneous needle aspiration and it was revealed as rhabdomyosarcoma histologically. En bloc resection to the left lower posterior chest wall tumor and metastasectomy to the multiple nodules in the right lung were done and pathological examination finally revealed primary leiomyosarcoma at the left lower posterior chest wall with multiple metastasis to the right lung. Chemotherapy was scheduled as adjunctive measure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging method employing tomography. CT is a 3-Dimensional (3-D) radiographic imaging technique, which is not suited for assessment of inflammation, but can be considered a reference method for assessment of bone damage, due to its direct 3-D visualization of calcified tissue. In this study of pathological joint changes in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and quality analysis of bone destructions were performed by 3-Dimensional computed tomography images. These data demonstrate that the destructive progression of disease in a rat AIA model can be quantified using 3-D CT image analysis, which allows assessment of arthritic disease status and efficacy of experimental therapeutic agents.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.479-484
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• 2007

A case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma transformed in pleomorphic adenoma occurring in palate of a 61 years old woman is reported. The tum or was composed of 2 different components, pleomorphic adenoma and epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma, accounting for approximately 40% and 60% of whole tumor, respectively. As the results of the immunohistopathologic study, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma showed multiple tubular or solid nest, which were separated by a basement membrane and considered of variable proportion of 2 cell types, cuboidal epithelial cells positive for cytokeratin and clear myoepithelial cells positive for glial fibrillary acid protein, wheres the myoepithelial nest of pleomorphic adenoma intermingled with hyaline and myxoid stroma. The malignancy was demonstrated by convincing evidence of invasion into the submucosa, although the epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma component was mostly surrounded by the pleomorphic adenoma componemts. An increased immunoreactivity of proliferating cell nuclear antign in the epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma area in comparison to the pleomorphic adenoma also suggested epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma arising in a pleomorphic adenoma.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2010

Purpose : We know little about the natural course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in association with histologic changes especially in children. We investigated clinicopathologic features with long-term follow-up biopsy to clarify the outcomes and prognostic indicators for childhood IgAN. Methods : From our patients' medical records, we retrieved 20 patients with IgAN, to whom renal biopsies had been performed for the initial diagnosis and follow-up to find out any histologic changes. Initial and follow-up biopsies were classified by Haas classification. The changes of these parameters were compared with the evolution of clinical features. Results : Patients were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in combination with angiotensin receptor blockers (in subclass II or above) and short-term cyclosporine A(in patients showing nephrotic syndrome). Histologic improvement in 7 cases and deterioration in 3 cases were observed. At the time of last biopsy, 10 cases (50%) showed clinical remission and the others showed improved clinical features. These clinical outcomes did not correlate with initial Haas classifications. Hypertension at onset observed in 5 cases (25%) revealed significant correlation with clinical outcome (P =0.01) and last Haas classification (P =0.007). None of the cases showed progression to CRF or ESRD. Conclusion : During a mean follow-up of $10.8{\pm}3.4$ years, childhood IgAN showed good clinicopathologic outcome. Hypertension at onset was only a strong predictor of clinicopathologic outcomes, but initial Haas classification cannot predict outcomes in children. Histologic change of IgAN in long term follow-up period cannot be completely predicted by clinical data and vice versa. Therefore, a renal biopsy should be considered as a part of follow-up plan.