• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 1995

The model equations including scaling factors to estimate the soil water characteristics curve(SWCC) without direct measurement of soil water tension were developed. Scaling were applied to a data set of soil water content, soil water tension, particle size distribution, and OM contents of the 134 soil samples with the 10 soil textural classes. The capability of the model equations was tested on another 205 soil samples. The parameter, ${\theta}^*$, of soil water contents was used by scale transformation as follows : ${\theta}^*=[{\theta}i-{\theta}(1.5MPa)]$/$[{\theta}(10KPa)-{\theta}(1.5MPa)]$ Using ${\theta}^*$ a model equation to estimate SWCC, which was applicable to all textural classes, was developed as follows: $H(0.1MPa)=0.13{\cdot}({\theta}^*)^{-2.04}$. Other model equations to estimate the water content at the soil water tension of 10KPa [${\theta}(10KPa)$] and 1.5MPa [${\theta}(1.5MPa)$], which are required to ${\theta}^*$ were developed by using scale factors of sand(S) and silt(Si) content and organic matter content(OM) as foilows : ${\theta}(10KPa)=26.80-3.99ln[S]+2.36{\sqrt{[Si]}}+2.88[OM]$ ($R=0.81^{**}$) ${\theta}(1.5KPa)=15.75-2.86ln[S]+0.55{\sqrt{[Si]}}+0.70[OM]$ ($R=0.76^{**}$) The measured and estimated values of ${\theta}(1/30MPa)$ on the 205 soil samples were highly correlated on 1 : 1 corresponding line with $R=0.85^{**}$.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.325-334
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze family variations for growth-related traits of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated using all measurement data like shell length, shell width, and total weight as 18-month-old growth traits of 5,334 individuals of selected third generation's Pacific abalone produced in 2011. Family variations of 865 individuals of the upper 10 families with the largest number were inspected. Overall mean in phenotypic traits of 18-month-old Pacific abalone which was investigated in this study showed 54.5 mm of shell length, 36.8 mm of shell width and 21.3 g of total weight respectively. And, variation coefficient of total weight was 51.0%, so variability of data was shown to be higher than 21.1% of shell length and 20.7% of shell width. The family effects showed significant difference by each family (p < 0.05), and heritability of shell length, shell width, and total weight was medium with 0.370, 0.382, and 0.367 respectively. So it is considered that family selection is more advantageous than individual selection. On the basis of breeding values of estimated shell length and total weight, to investigate distribution and ranking by each individual about the upper 10 families with the largest number of individuals, the values were used by being changed into standardized breeding values. Based on shell length, it was investigated that the individual number of the upper 5.4% is 152 and the number of the lower 5.4% is 8. In case of total weight, it was inspected that the individual number of the upper 5.4% is 164 and the number of the lower 5.4% is 1. Like these, phenotypic and genetic diverse variations between families could be checked. By estimating genetic parameters and breeding values of a population for production of the next generation, if they are used properly in selection and mating, it is considered that more breeding effects can be expected.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 1989

In order to study spatial variability of soil physical properties accross the land-partitioned boundary on Hwadong silt clay loam soil (Fine clayey, mixed, mesic family of Aquic Hapludalfs), all measured data were analyzed by means of kriging, fractile diagram, smooth frequency distribution, and autocorrelation. Sampling for soil particle size distribution analysis was made at 225 intersections of $15{\times}15$ grid with 10m interval. Field capacity, bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured in situ at 594 intersections of $33{\times}18$ grid with 2.5m interval in only $6,000m^2$ reselected from $22,500m^2$ of sampling area for particle size distribution analysis. Sampled or measured soil depths were 0 to 10cm 25 to 35cm and 50 to 60cm at each intersections. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The coefficient of variance (CV) of various physical properties ranges from 4.8 to 128.8%. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is classified into the high variation group with CV greater than 100%, while the low variation group with CV smaller than 10% consists of bulk density. Other properties belong to the medium variation group with CV between 10 and 100%. 2. The appropriate number of soil samples for the determination of various physical properties with error smaller than 10% are calculated as one for bulk density, six for field moisture capacity, 16 for silt, 19 for clay, 69 for sand and 686 for saturated hydraulic conductivity. 3. Smooth frequency distribution and fractile diagram show that saturated hydraulic conductivity is in lognormal distribution while other physical properties are in normal distribution. 4. Serial correlation analysis reveals that the soil physical properties have spatial dependence between two nearest neighbouring grid points. Autocorrelation analysis of physical properties measured between the serial grid points in the direction of south to north following section boundary shows that the zone of influence showing stationarity ranges from 7.5 to 40m. In the direction of east to west across section boundary, the autocorrelogram of many physical properties shows peaks with the periodic interval of 30m, which are similar to the partitioned land width. This reveals that the land-partitioned boundary causes soil variability.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.665-673
• /
• 2011

In order to estimate the hydrocarbon reserves, the porosity of the reservoir must be determined. The porosity of the area without a well is generally calculated by extrapolating the porosity logs measured at wells. However, if not only well logs but also seismic data exist on the same site, the more accurate pseudo porosity log can be obtained through artificial neural network technique by extracting the relations between the seismic data and well logs at the site. In this study, we have developed a module which creates pseudo porosity logs by using the polynomial neural network method. In order to obtain more accurate pseudo porosity logs, we selected the seismic attributes which have high correlation values in the correlation analysis between the seismic attributes and the porosity logs. Through the training procedure between selected seismic attributes and well logs, our module produces the correlation weights which can be used to generate the pseudo porosity log in the well free area. To verify the reliability and the applicability of the developed module, we have applied the module to the field data acquired from F3 Block in the North Sea and compared the results to those from the probabilistic neural network method in a commercial program. We could confirm the reliability of our module because both results showed similar trend. Moreover, since the pseudo porosity logs from polynomial neural network method are closer to the true porosity logs at the wells than those from probabilistic method, we concluded that the polynomial neural network method is effective for the data sets with insufficient wells such as F3 Block in the North Sea.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.36 no.7
• /
• pp.661-673
• /
• 2015

UBVI CCD photometry of the intermediate age open cluster NGC 7790 has been obtained using AZT-22 1.5 m telescope (f/7.74) at the Maidanak Astronomical Observatory in Uzbekistan. NGC 7790 contains three ${\delta}$ Cep variable stars including CEa Cas, CEb Cas, and CF Cas. PSF photometry was carried out using IRAF/DAOPHOT for all observations. The total number of stars observed both in V and I filter was 1008 and the limiting magnitude was $V{\approx}22$. To determine atmospheric extinction coefficients and photometric zero points, many blue and red standard stars as well as the standard stars in the celestial equator under various airmass were observed. Photometric data were transformed into the standard Johnson-Cousins' UBVI standard system. From the analysis of UBVI color-magnitude diagram and color-color diagram, the color excess in V and I filter [$E(B-V)=0.58{\pm}0.02$], the selective extinction ratio in V and I filter [$R_V{\equiv}A_V/E(B-V)=3.02{\pm}0.09$] and distance modulus ($V_0-M_V=12.65{\pm}0.10$) of the cluster were determined. The age of the cluster was estimated to be log $age=8.05{\pm}0.05$ [yr] based on the position of these three Cepheid variables in the color-magnitude diagram, the isochrone of the Geneva group ($Ekstr{\ddot{o}}m$ et al., 2012-Z=0.019), and the isochrone of the Padova group (Bressan et al., 2012-Z=0.014) were used to compare each other. Of them, the Geneva models that considered stellar rotation well described the position of ${\delta}$ Cepheid variables in the blue loop. Although they were well consistent with standard period-luminosity relation of ${\delta}$ Cepheid variables, three Cepheid variables in NGC 7790 were, on average, brighter by about 0.5 mag than the absolute magnitude estimated from the mean period-luminosity relation at a given period.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.60-70
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate whether fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can be applied to simultaneous determination of fatty acids contents in different soybean cultivars. Total 153 lines of soybean (Glycine max Merrill) were examined by FT-IR spectroscopy. Quantification of fatty acids from the soybean lines was confirmed by quantitative gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The quantitative spectral variation among different soybean lines was observed in the amide bond region ($1,700{\sim}1,500cm^{-1}$), phosphodiester groups ($1,500{\sim}1,300cm^{-1}$) and sugar region ($1,200{\sim}1,000cm^{-1}$) of FT-IR spectra. The quantitative prediction modeling of 5 individual fatty acids contents (palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid) from soybean lines were established using partial least square regression algorithm from FT-IR spectra. In cross validation, there were high correlations ($R^2{\geq}0.97$) between predicted content of 5 individual fatty acids by PLS regression modeling from FT-IR spectra and measured content by GC. In external validation, palmitic acid ($R^2=0.8002$), oleic acid ($R^2=0.8909$) and linoleic acid ($R^2=0.815$) were predicted with good accuracy, while prediction for stearic acid ($R^2=0.4598$), linolenic acid ($R^2=0.6868$) had relatively lower accuracy. These results clearly show that FT-IR spectra combined with multivariate analysis can be used to accurately predict fatty acids contents in soybean lines. Therefore, we suggest that the PLS prediction system for fatty acid contents using FT-IR analysis could be applied as a rapid and high throughput screening tool for the breeding for modified Fatty acid composition in soybean and contribute to accelerating the conventional breeding.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.365-373
• /
• 1998

Purpose: The conventional gamma camera is not ideal for scintimammography because of its large detector size (${\sim}500mm$ in width) causing high cost and low image quality. We are developing a small gamma camera dedicated for breast imaging. Materials and Methods: The small gamma camera system consists of a NaI (T1) crystal ($60 mm{\times}60 mm{\times}6 mm$) coupled with a Hamamatsu R3941 Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube (PSPMT), a resister chain circuit, preamplifiers, nuclear instrument modules, an analog to digital converter and a personal computer for control and display. The PSPMT was read out using a standard resistive charge division which multiplexes the 34 cross wire anode channels into 4 signals ($X^+,\;X^-,\;Y^+,\;Y^-$). Those signals were individually amplified by four preamplifiers and then, shaped and amplified by amplifiers. The signals were discriminated ana digitized via triggering signal and used to localize the position of an event by applying the Anger logic. Results: The intrinsic sensitivity of the system was approximately 8,000 counts/sec/${\mu}Ci$. High quality flood and hole mask images were obtained. Breast phantom containing $2{\sim}7 mm$ diameter spheres was successfully imaged with a parallel hole collimator The image displayed accurate size and activity distribution over the imaging field of view Conclusion: We have succesfully developed a small gamma camera using NaI(T1)-PSPMT and nuclear Instrument modules. The small gamma camera developed in this study might improve the diagnostic accuracy of scintimammography by optimally imaging the breast.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.40 no.11
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2003

Two configurations of Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators with acoustic quater-wave bragg reflector layers are theoretically analyzed using equivalent circuits and the difference of their characteristics are discussed. We compare the characteristics of λ/2 mode to those of ideal FBAR with top and bottom electrode contacting air and the characteristics of λ/4 mode to those of ideal FBAR with top electrode contacting air and bottom electrode clamped. We assume that the piezoelectric film is ZnO, the electrode is A1 and the substrate is Si, ABCD parameters are extracted and input impedance is calculated by converting the equivalent circuit from Mason equivalent circuits to the simplified equivalent circuits that ABCD parameters are extracted possible, From the variation of resonance frequency due to the change of thickness of reflector layers and the variation of electrical Q due to the change of mechanical Q of reflector layers, it is confirmed that the reflector layer just under the bottom electrode have the greatest effect on the varation of resonance frequency and electrical Q. It is shown that the number of reflector layers required for the saturation of electrical Q decreases with the increase of the impedance ratio of reflector layers and electrical Q of λ/2 mode is larger than that of λ/4 mode, Electromechanical coupling factor is independent of the number of layers, The impedance ratio of reflector layers becomes larger as the electromechanical coupling factor becomes larger, The electromechanical coupling factor of the two mode are smaller than those of ideal FBARs because of the trapping of acoustic energy in the reflector layers, The insertion loss of the ladder filter decreases with the increase of the number of reflector layers but the bandwidth is not affected much by the number of reflector layers, As the impedance ratio of reflector layers becomes larger the insertion loss becomes smaller and the bandwidth becomes wider, In our analysis of the two mode, characteristics of λ/2 mode appear to be slightly more favorable than that of λ/4 mode

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.342-349
• /
• 1982

Filefish muscle in the form of thin plate $(5{\times}10{\times}0.4\;cm)$ was dried in a forced air dryer at $47.5^{\circ}C$ to study the relation between dehydration mechanism and water activity. The dryer was designed in such a way that the temperature, relative humidity and velocity of air could be controlled. The whole dehydration process of the filefish muscle was divided into two different drying rate periods, constant and falling rate period. During the constant drying rate period, the drying rate was proportional to the square root of air velocity under the conditions of constant temperature and relative humidity of air. The falling rate period was further divided into two different falling drying rate periods, first and second falling rate period. The first falling rate period was an unsaturated surface drying period caused by partial unsaturation of the drying surface with capillary condensed free water diffused from the internal part of the filefish muscle. At this stage he drying rate was mainly dependent on the relative humidity at constant air temperature, and case-hardening phenomenon started at the end of this stage. The moisture content and the water activity at which the second falling rate period started were not constant, because the drying rate of the first falling rate period was strongly dependent on the air humidity. The second falling rate period was again divided into two drying rate periods, former and latter period. The drying rates of both of these periods were independent on the external air humidity. During the former period of the second falling rate period, the dehydration was proceeded by diffusion and vaporization of capillary condensed free water in filefish muscle. The diffusion coefficient of water was $2.89{\times}10^{-10}m^2/sec\;at\;47.5^{\circ}C$. At this stage, the case-herdening continued until the water activity reduced to 0.7. The latter period of the second falling rate period started at the water activity of 0.45. The dedydration was proceeded by diffusion and vaporization of bound water, which adsorbed in multimolecular layers, through the hardened drying surface. The number of molecular layers was 4, and the diffusion coefficient of water during this stage was $4.38{\times}10^{-11}m^2/sec\;at\;47.5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.32 no.4_1
• /
• pp.299-309
• /
• 2014

This paper evaluated the possibility for 1/5,000 digital topographic mapping by using PLEIADES images of 0.5m GSD(Ground Sampling Distance) resolution that has recently launched. Those results of check points by applying the initial RPC(Rational Polynomial Coefficient) of PLEIADES images came out as; RMSE of those were $X={\pm}1.806m$, $Y={\pm}2.132m$, $Z={\pm}1.973m$. Also, if we corrected geometric correction using 16 GCP(Ground Control Point)s, the results of RMSE became $X={\pm}0.104m$, $Y={\pm}0.171m$, $Z={\pm}0.036m$, and t he RMSE of check points were $X={\pm}0.357m$, $Y={\pm}0.239m$, $Z={\pm}0.188m$; which of those results indicated the accuracy of standard adjustment complied in error tolerances of the 1/5,000 scale. Additionally, we converted coordinates of points, obtained by TerraSAR. for comparing with measurements from GPS(Global Positioning System) surveying. The RMSE of comparing converted and GPS points were $X={\pm}0.818m$, $Y={\pm}0.200m$, $Z={\pm}0.265m$, which confirmed the possibility for 1/5,000 digital topographic mapping with PLEIADES images and GCPs. As method of obtaining GCPs in unaccessible area, however, the outcome evaluation of GCPs extracted from TerraSAR images was not acceptable for 1/5,000 digital topographic mapping. Therefore, we considered that further researches are needed on applicability of GCPs extracted from TerraSAR images for future alternative method.