• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.145-154
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• 1998

The motion-limiting devices can be used for reducing the maximum and residual displacements of the multi-span continuous bridges with inelastic elements such as isolation bearings and plastic hinges formed in piers. For the design of motion-limiting device, the nonlinear time history analysis is required. But the time history analysis is time consuming and very complex. This study suggests the simple design procedure of the motion-limiting devices using the equivalent elastic analysis method and the acceleration-displacement spectrum concept. The suggested design procedure can be used very effectively for determining the location and gap size of the motion-limiting devices.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.467-475
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• 2015

In this paper, the behaviour of a cantilevered beam was predicted to examine the difference between linear and non-linear static, dynamic analysis for a structure by using CR nonlinear formulation. Then, external transverse static and dynamic loads were applied at the free tip of the beam. Classical theories were used for the present linear analysis and co-rotational dynamic FEM program was used for the present nonlinear analysis. In the static analysis, effects of the load for the beam deflection were observed in both linear and nonlinear analysis. Then, normalized displacement at the tip of the beam was predicted for different frequency ratio and a significant difference was obtained in the vicinity of the resonant frequency. In addition, effects of frequency and time for the beam deflection were investigated to find the frequency delay.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.2 s.54
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• pp.105-113
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• 2007

In the current research, an algorithm of performance-based seismic retrofit design of reinforced concrete columns using FRP jacket has been proposed. For exact prediction of the nonlinear flexural analysis or FRP composite RC members, multiaxial constitutive laws of concrete and composite materials have been presented. For seismic retrofit design, an algorithm of direct displacement-based design method (DDM) proposed by Chopra and Goel (2001) has been newly applied to determine the design thickness of FRP jacket in seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete columns. To compare with the displacement coefficient method (DCM), the DDM gives an accurate prediction of the target displacement in highly nonlinear region, since the DCM uses the elastic stiffness before reaching the yield load as the effective stiffness but the DDM uses the secant stiffness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.55-58
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• 2006

차세대 방송서비스 개발의 일환으로 관심을 모으고 있는 다시점 비디오 부호화(multi-view video coding, MVC) 방식은 인접한 여러 대의 카메라로 동시에 획득한 영상을 효과적으로 압축하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이때, 중간시전 영상을 생성하여 부호화하는 과정의 참조영상으로 이용할 수 있으며, 이를 위해서는 다시점 비디오 특성에 맞는 영상보간 방법이 필요하다. 기존에 제안되었던 영상보간법은 변위의 검색범위를 초기에 설정하여 블록정합을 이용하여 화소 단위로 변위를 측정하기 때문에 카메라 사이의 거리가 크거나 객체의 움직임이 커서 변위의 변동이 심한 영상에서는 안정적인 화질의 영상을 얻기 어렵다. 또한, 고정된 크기의 블록을 이용하여 전체 변위를 측정하므로 객체의 변위차가 큰 영역에서 변위 오류가 많이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제를 해결하여 보다 개선된 화질의 중간시점 영상을 얻기 위한 새로운 영상보간법을 제안한다. 영역분할을 이용한 초기의 변위측정 과정에서, 처음부터 최대 변위의 범위를 설정하는 대신에 블록 단위로 대략적인 변위륵 측정한 후에, 가변 블록을 이용하여 보다 세밀한 변위를 측정한다. 이 방법은 변위차가 큰 객체의 경계 부분에서 보다 정확하게 변위를 측정 할 수 있으므로, 화소 단위로 변위를 측정할 때 이전에 추한 변위 정보를 바탕으로 각 화소별로 검색 범위를 설정한다. 적응적으로 설정된 검색 범위를 이용하여 화소 단위의 변위를 측정하면 보다 개선된 변위를 얻을 수 있다. 추가적으로, 변위측정 과정에서 발생하는 변위의 오류를 최대한 줄이기 위해 각 단계별로 미디언 필터를 이용하여 변위 오류를 수정하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법으로 실험한 결과 기존의 영상보간 방법보다 화질이 약 $1{\sim}4dB$ 정도 개선되었다.필, 투명도 등을 위성원격탐사 자료와 GIS를 이용하여 공간분석을 실시하고, 공간분포도를 작성함으로써 대상해역의 해양환경을 파악하였다. 본 연구결과, 분석된 위성자료가 현장조사에 의한 검증이 이루어지지 않을 경우, 영상자료분석을 통한 표층수온 추출은 대기 중의 수증기와 에어로졸에 의한 계산치의 오차가 반영되기 때문에 실측치 보다 낮게 평가 될 수 있으므로, 반드시 이에 대한 검증이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 현지관측에 비해 막대한 비용과 시간을 절약할 수 있는 위성영상해석방법을 이용한 방법은 해양수질파악이 가능할 것으로 판단되며, GIS를 이용하여 다양하고 복잡한 자료를 데이터베이스화함으로써 가시화하고, 이를 기초로 공간분석을 실시함으로써 환경요소별 공간분포에 대한 파악을 통해 수치모형실험을 이용한 각종 환경영향의 평가 및 예측을 위한 기초자료로 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.염총량관리 기본계획 시 구축된 모형 매개변수를 바탕으로 분석을 수행하였다. 일차오차분석을 이용하여 수리매개변수와 수질매개변수의 수질항목별 상대적 기여도를 파악해 본 결과, 수리매개변수는 DO, BOD, 유기질소, 유기인 모든 항목에 일정 정도의 상대적 기여도를 가지고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이로부터 수질 모형의 적용 시 수리 매개변수 또한 수질 매개변수의 추정 시와 같이 보다 세심한 주의를 기울여 추정할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월이하의 중단기가 적합함을 발견하였다. 이상의 행태적 측면과 투자성과측면의 실증결과를 통하여 한국주식시장에 있어서 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략은

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2010

In order to investigate the tendency of general displacements and behaviors with respect to each construction process as well as the applicability of numerical analysis schemes, this research has focused on not only analyzing a variety of field observations made in a NATM tunnel, such as displacement of top and side, stress of shotcrete and axial strength of rock bolt, but also carrying out a series of numerical analyses. It was established from the investigation that the 2-dimensional continuum numerical analysis was the one which could more accurately predict displacement of crown and side in the area of one step excavation (patten, P1-P3), while the 2-dimensional discontinuum analysis was the most suitable scheme to study that of two step excavation (patten, P4-P6). In addition, the 2-dimensional continuum analysis enabled to appropriately predict the axial strength of rock bolt and stress of shotcrete in all the area of the tunnel. Finally, it has been possible to conclude from the study that the 3-dimensional continuum analysis should be applied to inspect the behavior and tendency with respect to each stage of the construction as well as in the case of joints, such as large turnouts where relaxation loads in both of horizontal and vertical direction are piled up.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.149-164
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• 1996

The sequential behavior of earth retaining structure is investigated by using soil springs in elasto -plastic soil. Mathematical model that can be used to construct the p-y curves for subgrade modulus is proposed by using piecewise linear function. The excavation sequence of retaining wall is analyzed by the beam -column method. Reliability on the developed computer program is verfied through the comparison between the prediction and the in -situ measuidments. It is concluded that the proposed method simulates well the construction sequence and thus represents a significant improvement in the prediction of deflections of anchored wall excavation. Based on the results the proposed method can be effectively used for the evaluation of the relative importance of the parameters employed in a sensitivity analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.34-39
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• 2003

Morphing wing sections actuated by piezoceramic actuator LIPCA have been designed and their actuation displacements estimated by using the therml analogy and MSC/NASTRAN based on the linear elasticity. The wing sections are fabricated as the design and tested for evaluation. Measured actuation displacements were larger than the estimated values mainly due to the material non-linearity of the PIT wafer. The morphing wing sections can be used for control surfaces of small scale UAVs or MAVs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.933-936
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• 2008

An engineered cementitious composite (Engineered Cementitious Composite) had been developed in previous study. Theoretical prediction of the tensile stress-strain relation of ECC is important in providing the material constitutive relation necessary for designing structural members. But, few studies have been reported with regard to predicting the tensile stress-strain relation of ECC. Prediction of the tensile stress-strain relation of ECC accounting for actual bridging curve, such as fiber dispersion is needed. The present study extends the work as developed by Kanda et al., by modeling the bridging curve, accounting for fiber dispersion, the degree of matrix spalling, and fiber rupture to predict the tensile stress-strain relation of ECC. The role of material variation in the bridging curve, such as number of effective fiber actually involved in the bridging capacity and how it affects the multiple cracking process is discussed. The approach for formulating the tensile stress-strain relation is discussed next, where the procedure for obtaining the necessary parameters, such as the crack spacing, is presented. Finally, the predicted stress-strain relation will be validated with experimental tests results.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.189-206
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• 2003

During tunnel excavation in urban area a systematic monitoring is important for the purpose of determination of support type and quantity, as well as for the control of stability of both surface structures and the tunnel itself due to the frequently, and in many cases, abruptly changing ground condition. In Austria absolute displacement monitoring methods have replaced relative displacement measurements by geodetic methods to a large extent. Prompt detection of weak ground ahead of the tunnel face as well as better adjustment of excavation and support to the geotechnical conditions is possible with the help of the improved methods of data evaluation on sites. Deformation response of the ground to excavation starts ahead of the tunnel face, therefore, the deformation and state of the tunnel advance core is the key factor of the whole deformation process after excavation. In other words, the rigidity and state of the advance core play a determining role in the stability of both surface structures and the tunnel itself. This paper presents the results from detailed three-dimensional numerical studies, exploring vertical displacements, vector orientations and extrusions on tunnel face during the progressive advancement for the shallow tunnel in various geotechnical conditions.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.393-401
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• 2016

In the present study, fault attitudes and the locations of appearance of faults in tunnel faces were predicted by analyzing the trajectory of the maximum longitudinal displacement immediately before the appearance of faults through three-dimensional finite element analysis. A total of 28 fault attitude models were used in the analysis. Those faults that have drives with dip appear first in the upper part of tunnel faces as tunnel excavation progresses and their maximum longitudinal displacement shows a tendency to move from the middle part to the upper part of tunnel faces. Those faults that have drives against dip appear first in the lower part of tunnel faces as tunnel excavation progresses and their maximum longitudinal displacement shows a tendency to move from the middle part or middle upper part to the lower part of tunnel faces. In addition, when the dip of faults is larger the maximum longitudinal displacement moves from the left upper part toward the wall part in the case of drive with dip models and from the left lower part toward the wall part in the case of drives against dip models. Therefore, it was indicated that the attitudes of faults distributed ahead of tunnel faces and the locations where faults appear in tunnel faces can be predicted by analyzing the longitudinal displacement trajectory of tunnel faces following excavation.