• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.827-834
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• 2020

In this paper, a third-order harmonic mixer is designed using frequency multiplier theory for the microwave airborne radar. Unlike the basic mixer design method, the gate bias voltage, at which the third-harmonic component of the Local frequency (LO) is the maximum, is selected using a frequency multiplier theory to maximize the third-harmonic mixing component at the intermediate frequency (IF). The proposed harmonic mixer was designed and manufactured using a commercial GaAs MESFET device in a plastic package, and it was possible to improve the high conversion loss, circuit complexity, high cost, and manufacturing complexity of the existing microwave mixer. The harmonic mixer using the proposed design method has a -8 ~ -10 dB conversion loss by pumping 11.5 GHz LO with a +5 dBm level when operating from 33.0 GHz to 36.0 GHz and the 1-dB gain compression point (P1dB) of 0 dBm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

In this work, the chemical composition of the exhaust gas from domestic gas boiler has been analysed in the point of thermodynamics and CO sensor has been characterized. We proposed that the combustion condition can be estimated by the exhaust gas composition, i.e., the excess air ratio and combustion temperature can be calculated simply by the measurement of the $O_{2}$ fraction and $H_{2}/CO$ in the exhaust gas. By analyse the on site situation domestic boiler, the excess air ratio is about $55\~110\%$. Therefore, the CO may be produced in domestic gas boiler by luminous(yellow) flames rapidly lose heat by radiation, turbulent flames may be partially quenched by the action of steep velocity gradients, and flames burning very close to a cold wall may be partial1y quenched by heat conductivity to the wall. The output voltage of CO sensor is lineally depend on the CO and $H_{2}$concentration. And the exhaust CO from boiler can be reduced by closed loop control with CO sensor

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

Recently deep interests have been paid on the effective generation of ozone, which has been widely used for water treatment, deodorization, color removal, and chemical processing of exhausted smoke. The silent discharge reaction has been proposed as the most effective one in the many ozone generation methods, because the silent discharge can be generated under the conditions of lower applied voltage and power consumption, compared other ones. In this paper, in order to improve the ozone generation and ozone generation efficiency, the conventional silent discharge chamber with $Al_2O_3$ dielectric layer and tubular ferroelectric bed discharge reactor packed with $Al_2O_3$ pellets were made, and the silent discharge of the reactors were studied experimentally. The ozone generation characteristics are also discussed based on the discharge characteristics, especially on the wall charge accumulation properties and power consumption. The results show that the electric charges of discharge tube with bead are around 2.5 times as large as those without bead. In the discharge chamber packed with dielectric beads, the ozone concentration and the energy yield characteristics were also improved, compared with those in the conventional silent discharge reactor.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2002

In this study, the vertical aligned carbon nanotubes was synthesized by DC bias-assisted Inductively Coupled Plasma Hot-Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (ICPHFCVD). The substrate used CNTs growth was Ni(300 ${\AA}$)/Cr(200 ${\AA}$)-deposited one on glass by RF magnetron sputtering. R-F, DC bias and filament power during the growth process were 150 W, 80 W, 7∼8 A, respectively. The grown CNTs showed hollow structure and multi-wall CNTs. The top of grown CNT was found to Ni-tip that the CNT end showed to metaltip. The graphitization and field emission properties of grown was better than grown CNTs by ICPCVD. The turn-on voltage of CNT grown by DC bias-assisted ICPHFCVD showed about 3 V/${\mu}m$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2017

This paper presents an ongoing study to develop a novel pressure sensor by means of a Nano Carbon Piezoresistive Composite (NCPC). The sensor was fabricated using the 3D printing process. We designed a miniaturized cantilever-type sensor electrode to improve the pressure sensing performance and utilized a 3D printer to build a small-sized body. The sensor electrode was made of 2 wt％ MWCNT/epoxy piezoresistive nano-composite, and the sensor body was encapsulated with a pipe plug cap for easy installation to any pressure system. The piezoresistivity responses of the sensor were converted into stable voltage outputs by using a signal processing system, which is similar to a conventional foil strain gauge. We evaluated the pressure-sensing performances using a pressure calibrator in the lab environment. The 3D-printed cantilever electrode pressure sensor showed linear voltage outputs of up to 16,500 KPa, which is a 200％ improvement in the pressure sensing range when compared with the bulk-type electrode used in our previous work.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 1998

A study to improve filling of semiconductor contact holes by enhancement of the directionality of the source beams has been undertaken. The collimation of source beams was improved by the ionized cluster beam deposition technique with modification of the cell geometry. The collimation tested with neutral beam was excellent. But, the Cu flims were grown in a columnar mode due to the lack of surface mobilit of the impinged clusters. A shadow effect also caused cleavage and consequent discontinuity at the steos as films grow. By applying acceleration voltage, the columnar growth in a contact hole of 0.5 $\mu$m diameter and 1 $\mu$m height disappeared and considerable coverage at the side wall of the contacts as well as perfect bottom coverage were observed. These are all due to the assistants of the accelerated ionized clusters with high kinetic energy. Thus we demonstrated that the ICB deposition technique can be used to completely fill sub-half-micron contact holes with high aspect ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2001

The discharge characteristics of 3 electrcdes AC surface discharge plasma display were analyzed. For an unstable state of the discharge which appeared at the maximum discharge voltage, it is found that a parbal erase of the wall charge by the second discharge is a cause. Based on the second discharge, new operation margin considering the interrelation between the address discharge and the display discharge was defined and the validity of it was verified by the experiments. It is necessary to decrease the acklress pulse width for high-speed addressing. However, the operation margin of the ackIress pulse decreases as the pulse width of it becomes narrower. If the address pulse width is wider than l[ps], the operation margin of the display discharge is not related to the address pulse width. From the experimental result, image or 8bit 253 gray level was displayed on PDP with the cell structure of the HDTV class by using the high-speed address ADS drive methcd with pulse width of $1[{\mu}s]$ and the brightness of $560[cd/m^2]$ was obtained. ained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2011

최근 에너지 위기와 환경 규제 강화 및 친환경, 녹색성장 등의 이슈가 대두되면서 에너지 절감과 환경보호 분야에 그린 전력반도체 수요가 날로 증가되고 있다. 이러한 그린 전력반도체는 휴대용컴퓨터, 이동통신기기, 휴대폰, 조명, 자동차, 전동자전거, LED조명 등 다양한 종류의 전력소자들이 사용되고 있으며, 전력소자의 수요증가는 IT, NT, BT 등의 융복합기술의 발달로 새로운 분야에 전력소자의 수요로 창출되고 있다. 특히 환경오염을 줄이기 위한 고전압 대전류 전력소자의 에너지 효율을 높이는 연구 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 종래의 전력소자는 평면형의 LDMOS나 VDMOS 기술을 이용한 소전류 주로 제작되어 수십 암페어의 필요한 대전류용으로 사용이 불가능하다. 반면 수직형 전력소자인 트렌치를 이용한 power 소자는 집적도를 증가 시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 대전류 고전압 소자 제작에 유리하다. 특히 평면형 소자에 비해 약 30%이상 칩 면적을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 평면형에 비해 on-저항을 낮출 수 있기 때문에 수요가 날로 증가하고 있다. 트렌치 게이트 power MOS의 중요한 게이트 산화막 형성 기술은 트렌치 내부에 균일한 두께의 산화막 형성과 높은 신뢰성을 갖는 게이트 산화막 형성이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 전력소자를 제조하기 위해 트렌치 기술을 이용하여 수직형 전력소자를 제작하였다. 트렌치형 전력소자는 게이트 산화막을 균일하게 형성하는 것이 매우 중요한 기술이다. 종래의 수평형 소자 제조시 게이트 산화막 형성 후 산화막 두께가 매우 균일하게 성장되지만, 수직형 트렌치 게이트 산화막은 트렌치 내부벽의 결정구조가 다르기 때문에 $1000^{\circ}C$에서 열산화막 성장시 결정구조와 결정면에 따라 약 35% 이상 열산화막 두께가 차이가 난다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 트렌치를 형성한 후 트렌치 내부의 결정구조를 변화 및 산화막의 종류와 산화막 형성 방법을 다르게 하여 균일한 게이트 산화막을 성장시켜 산화막의 두께 균일도를 향상시켰다. 그 결과 고밀도의 트렌치 게이트 셀을 제작하여 제작된 트렌치 내부에 동일한 두께의 게이트 산화막을 여러 종류로 산화막을 성장시킨 후 성장된 트렌치 내벽의 산화막의 두께 균일도와 게이트 산화막의 항복전압을 측정한 결과 약 25% 이상 높은 신뢰성을 갖는 게이트 산화막을 형성 할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.631-636
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• 2002

Lethality of high intensity light pulse on the pre-determined microbial populations has been investigated. Prior to the treatment, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Pediococcus pentosaceus were cultivated separately onto the surface of Lactobacilli MRS agar. Pre-determined microbial populations were applied to the test media and these sample were exposed to high intense light source with an exposure time ranging from 1 to $2500\;{\mu}s$. Results showed that at least 200 light pulses of $1\;{\mu}s$ duration were required to reduce L. Plantarum cells by 90% at 25 kV, the greater the number of light pulses, the larger the reduction in viable cell numbers. Viable cells of L. plantarum and the others were reduced by more than 5 and 6 log cycles at the upper exposure level of $750\;{\mu}s$, respectively. These study shows that pulsed light emissions can significantly reduce populations of lactic acid bacteria on exposed surface with exposure times. Killing efficiency for L. plantarum significantly increased with decreasing the distance between the lamp and the surface of samples.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 2011

A dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) treatment system was fabricated and the optimum operating conditions for the plasma generation were determined in order to explore the potential of cold plasma as a non-thermal proessing technology. The microbial inactivation performance of the system was also evaluated against Staphyloocus aureus. The system consisted of power supply, transformer, electrode assembly and sample treatment plate. The input power was 220 V single phase AC and amplified to 10.0-50.0 kV on a transformer. A pulsed sine wave of frequency 10.0-50.0 kHz was introduced to the electrode embedded in ceramic as a dielectric barrier material in order to generate plasma at atmospheric pressure. Higher currents and consequently greater power were required for the plasma generation as the frequencies increased. A homogeneous and stable plasma was generated at currents of 1.0-2.0, and frequencies of 32.0-35.3 kHz. The optimum electrode-gaps for the plasma generation were 1.85 mm without loaded samples. More power was consumed as the electrode-gaps increased. The practically optimum electrode- gap was, however, 2.65 mm when samples were treated on slide-glasses for microbial inactivation. The maximum temperature increase after 10 min treatment was less than 20$^{\circ}C$, indicating no microbial inactivation effect by heat and thereby insuring a non-thermal method. The DBDP inactivation effect against Staphyloocus aureus increased linearly with treatment time up to 5 min, but plateaued afterward. More than 5 log reduction was achieved by 10 min treatment at 1.25 A.