• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.127-153
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• 2007

The study aims to examine the effects of crime on societal anxiety. For this purpose, two studies were conducted. In study 1, the data were collected from 286 students(male 160, female 126) regarding perceived seriousness of crime, estimation of crime occurrence, societal anxiety, and estimation of change in these 3 variables every 3 years from 1993 to 2011. The means of the 3 variables were higher than the midpoint of the scale. And the means of all the 3 variables gradually increased from 1993 to 2011 and the change patterns were very similar. Furthermore, the estimation of crime occurrence and perceived seriousness of crime were significant predictors of societal anxiety. Study 2 was conducted to explore the effect of frequency estimation of the criminal acts on the societal anxiety. The data from 259 subjects(male 141, female 118) were analysed. The occurrence of frequency of 7 types of crimes including 25 criminal acts were estimated and societal anxiety was measured. The results of study 2 showed that only the major crime was significant a predictor of societal anxiety, and among the major crimes, arson was a significant predictor of the dependent variable. Implications and limits of the studies are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2003

A survey of 220 male and 233 female residents of Seoul was carried out to investigate why women appeared to be more fearful of crime than men. As expected, female respondents reported higher levels of fear of crime and perceived physical vulnerability to crime. Incivility factors in the neighborhood and perceived possibility of criminal victimization were significant predictors of fear of crime for both male and female respondents. For women more psychological variables such as trait anxiety and age were other significant predictors of their fear of crime, whereas the distance to police station and frequency of watching crime-related TV programs were significant predictors for men's fear of crime.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.104-114
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• 2009

The purpose of study was understanding necessity of environment design for underground parking lot in residential design plan and grasping design plans of 'Activity Support' that considerate women, exclude women's unsecured feeling at underground parking lot. The inquiry analyzed 6 design plan in design competition that considerate women according to precede studies, a theory of CPTED, a design guide for wayfinding, and survey. A ramp, circulation, entrance, lighting, ventilation, and space design plan are proceed on this study The result are as below. First, a rectilinear figure ramp suits entrance plan on the circulation, but if it is not possible, cross-using of rectilinear and curvilinear figure ramp plan is desirable. Second, on the circulation plan, vehicles circulation plan and equality parking distribution plan got accomplished generally, and help senses of direction because it is planed network systemize. On a large scale underground parking lot, simplify parking circulation to convenience entrance and exit for weak in sense of direction. Third, the shape and material that‘s environmentally conscious will be in use to the entrance plan. As the first stage to the underground, artwork that women prefer can modulate the rejection of underground space. Forth, natural lighting system and ventilation can make the environment-friendly space, decrease the women’s rejection to the underground, it can also keep a natural watch on the space. Fifth, on the space design plan, it can use bright and comfortable design of wall and ground to decrease the women‘s rejection, also it is useful to the sense of direction. LED indirect lighting plan that 58.7% of women prefers on survey reflects women’s state of desire that bright and atmosphere. In addition, proper use of plans that subsidiary facilities, rest area with Sunken, and nature-friendly material can minimize differences of underground and ground parking lot.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.717-748
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• 2022

This study was conducted to develop and validate the social media anxiety and anger scale(SAACS), which measures emotions, especially anxiety and anger that can be contagioned to individuals, through posts and comments on social conflicts in social media. A literature search was conducted on social conflicts in social media, 12 factors(anxiety and anger about gender, crime, generation, wealth gap, politics, region) were selected. Then questions were developed after looking into previous literature and reviewing community posts and comments, and 105 preliminary questions were selected. Following the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for people aged 20 to 39 age group, SAACS was revised to 12 factors(anxiety and anger about gender, crime, generation, wealth gap, politics, and region) and 48 questions. When verifying the validity, the SAACS had a significant level of correlation with the SNS addiction tendency scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Korean aggression questionnaire(K-AQ), and the state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI-X). SAACS showed no significant correlation with Korean emotional contagion scale(K-ECS). Finally, based on the results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.733-738
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• 2017

This study is to find out empirically how the fear of crime is affected by the level of recognition of people. CPTED elements including natural surveillance, access control, utilization enhancement, territoriality securement, etc. Safety of residents could be considered and then increased when we plan, design, and operate a city. In Korea, CPTED is currently being applied to every town. However, it is not systemized and neither efficient, for there are no constraint provisions, and the foreign cases are not specifically customized to the current situation of the country. This study, therefore, aims to find the limits from analyzing related laws and regimes, administrative regulations, and applied cases, and to deduct improvement plans based on examined foreign cases.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2014

Crimes occurring in residential areas make an atmosphere of anxiety and are spread throughout the whole society as well as the residential areas, regardless of the number of crimes and how serious they are. Thus, due to their huge negative impact on the whole society, it is crucial to relieve anxiety of residents from the crimes occurring in the residential areas, which plays an important role in determining the quality of a residential environment. Before conducting the research, 18 apartment complexes in Daejeon constructed since 2006 were chosen to apply six principles of CPTED. The main purpose of the research is to observe main spaces in residential areas and analyze crime prevention environment in order to find out safe spatial composition. The data of the research demonstrate the main spaces and their composition. Henceforth, it is necessary to establish accurate data and a new evaluation method in order to obtain objective statistics and data. Furthermore, a study on development of safety and amenity of residential areas should be continued.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 2020

Mobile environment is relatively free from time and space constraints, and has unique characteristics such as not applying physical and social vulnerability because of it's non-face-to-face channel. Since such spatial and temporal speciality is likely to appear in a different form from psychological action and action in a general face-to-face environment, it is necessary to conduct an empirical study based on the results of the existing research that has been studied as major psychological variables of action in mobile environment. However, advance research have not been conducted in earnest on the vulnerability and anxiety of the consumers in a new environment called mobile finance. so this study intends to establish the basis through empirical research. As a result, women among traditional vulnerable groups perceived themselves to be vulnerable in mobile financial environments than men and felt fear of crime strongly. In addition, the vulnerability of mobile financial crime did not have a significant direct effect on mobile financial use, but it was confirmed that mobile crime fear was mediated completely and had an indirect effect on mobile financial use.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2005

Purposes of this study was as following; What differences do subjective indicators of deception detection according to high and low stake situations? Does groups difference appear in beliefs about deception cues? Is what differences between objective indicators and subjective indicators of deceptions? Participants of this study were consisted of university students, prison officers, prisoners. They completed a questionnaire concerning beliefs about 21 verbal and nonverbal behaviours in high/low-stake situations. For each behaviour, they were asked to rate on a seven-point scale how are these behaviours changed comparing to normal times. The results were that subjective indicators of deception were no differences between high-stake and low-stake situations, and no differences among groups. Also, it appeared that the subjective indicators of deception were substantly different from the objective indicators of deception.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.129-160
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to find 1) the realities of social anxiety and perception of various kinds of social problems that exists in Korean society as well as the perception on the events that causes the social anxiety, 2) to see the difference of perceived level of social anxiety through variables of social demography and difference of perception on Korean society. The sample was distributed according to population size distinguishing the nation to 6 regions. The data of 1,375 adult respondents were analysed. The results are as follows. First of all, respondents mentioned that the most immediate problem to be solved in Korean society was financial anxiety, and the most desirable state of society was when the society is financially stabled. Single question was measured about social anxiety of Korean society and scored 6.84 from full marks of 10, showing difference in variables for instance sex, age, and subjective S.E.S. where women, aged under 20, and perceived low class group showed the highest rate of social anxiety. However, there weren't any difference found in social anxiety of the variables like presence of religion, educational background, residence, and monthly average household income. Also, there were differences in level of social anxiety according to the difference of perception of Korean society. Higher the perceived unpredictability, uncontrollability, and unmovability to the upper class, unfairness, and uncertainty, unreliability of the Korean society, higher the social anxiety. And the lower the perceived chance of success of reformation, higher the social anxiety. It was also found that the perceived social anxiety is influenced by social accidents and phenomenon as unemployment, economic depression, and the gap between rich and poor as well as the increase of crime through effluence of personal information. Finally the limitations and implications of this study were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.343-365
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of various individual differences on children's memory of a stressful experience. The participants for the current study were children (N=85) aged 4-9 years those who experienced a naturally occurring stressful experience from a dental procedure. There was overall negative relation between the level of stress and children's memory performance. However, more interestingly, the results of this study provided some further evidence that several cognitive (i.e., receptive language ability and working memory capacity) and emotional (i.e., children's general anxiety condition, children's self-report of pain and anxiety about the event) individual difference factors were associated with variations in children's remembering across ages. The results suggest that the relation between stress and children's memory might be impacted in part by children's various individual characteristics. Furthermore, the findings are discussed in the applied context that based on the results clinical and legal professionals can tailor interviews to best meet children's needs and capabilities, and create developmentally and individually sensitive guidelines for interviewing children in the legal system.