• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1437-1444
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• 2023

This study was conducted to verify the moderating effect of happiness in the relationship between stress and generalized anxiety in adolescents. The subjects of the study were 54,948 middle and high school students who participated in the 16th Adolescent's Health Behavior Survey conducted in 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and Process Macro 4.0. The results of the study showed that stress had a significant effect on generalized anxiety of adolescent. The higher the stress, the higher the level of generalized anxiety. And it was found that happiness moderated the relationship between stress and generalized anxiety. In other words, it was confirmed that happiness has the effect of buffering the negative impact of stress on generalized anxiety. Therefore, in order to alleviate generalized anxiety in adolescents, it is recommended to prepare and implement various programs that can improve happiness.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.207-230
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• 2019

This study examined the effect of Attention Feedback Awareness and Control Training(A-FACT) on attention bias and generalized anxiety symptoms in college students. A total of 31 college students with at least 10 points on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale or at least 56 points on the Korean version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (K-PSWQ) with attention bias were randomly assigned to one of three groups: A-FACT( n = 11), Attention Bias Modification (ABM)(n = 10) and Active Placebo Control (APC)(n = 10). Participants in A-FACT group received real-time feedback on attention bias based on their Baseline Neutral Response time(BNR) during A-FACT using a dot probe task. Participants in the ABM group received standard ABM, and those in the APC performed a dot probe task that they were informed was a program to reduce attention bias, but feedback was not provided. A total of eight sessions was conducted twice a week over a 4-week period. After every two sessions, GAD-7, K-PSWQ and K-STAI were rated. The effect of attention bias modification training was rated by changes in the Attention Bias Score(ABS), and in GAD-7, K-PSWQ and K-STAI scores. The results of repeated measure ANOVA indicated that the A-FACT group showed a significant decrease in ABS as well as in GAD-7, K-PSWQ and K-STAI scores compared to the other groups. Current results suggest that self-regulatory control of attention, that is, recognition of bias through feedback in A-FACT, may be effective in alleviating attention bias and generalized anxiety symptoms by recognizing bias through feedback on bias in attention bias modification training.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.107-119
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• 1997

Objectives: The psychophysiologic response pattern between healthy subjects and patients with generalized anxiety disorder, and the relationship among anxiety rating scales and those patterns in patients were examined. Methods: Twenty-three patients with generalized anxiety disorder(AD) and 23 healthy subjects were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HRSA) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory before baseline stressful tasks. Subjective Units of Distress were evaluated just before baseline period, immediately after stressful tasks, at the end of the entire procedure, and psychophysiologic measures, i.e., skin temperature(ST), electromyographic activity(EMG), heart rate(HR), electrodermal response(EDR) during baseline & rest and during two psychologically stressful tasks (mental arithmetic, TM; talk about a stressful event, TT) were also evaluated. Results: 1) AD group showed significantly higher EMG level during rest after stressful tasks and higher HR level during all period except TM compared to control group. 2) AD group showed lower change in the startle response(SR) of ST, in the SR & the recovery response(RR) of EMG during TM, and in the RR of EDR immediately after TM than control group. AD group showed that the RR of EDR was significantly lower than the SR during stressful tasks. 3) We found that there was significantly negative correlation between state anxiety and the RR of EDR after TT in AD group. We also found that there were significantly positive correlations between HRSA score and the SRs of EDR during stressful tasks, and between state anxiety and the SR of EDR during TT. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with generalized anxiety disorder show higher autonomic arousal than healthy subjects and decreased physiologic flexibility or reduced autonomic flexibility.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2006

Panic disorder is a relatively common psychiatric illness (life time prevalence 3.5%), and it is known that 91% of patients with panic disorder have at least one other psychiatric disorder. And patients with panic disorder, who have coexisting generalized anxiety disorder, tend to have more severe symptoms and less favorable outcome and respond less well to psychological and pharmacologic treatment. The authors report a 51-year old male who was previously diagnosed as panic disorder in the out-patient clinic, showed poor response to antipanic treatment. However, he showed great improvement after he was treated for panic disorder and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. This case report showed that more effort to identify comorbid conditions is needed in panic disorder patients and the effectiveness of venlafaxine in the treatment of panic disorder with generalized anxiety disorder.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2024

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in academic and mental health status (generalized anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, and suicidal thoughts) between adolescents exhibiting normal and excessive smartphone use patterns. Methods : The smartphone use times and academic and mental health status of 51,850 adolescents were analyzed using raw data from the 2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. Descriptive statistics of complex sample analysis, frequency analysis and linear regression analysis were performed. Results : The mean smartphone use time of middle and high school students was 6 hours 43 minutes on weekends and 4 hours 39 minutes on weekdays. There were significant differences in smartphone use time according to gender and grade. As a result of comparing differences in academic status between adolescents with excessive smartphone use times and those with normal use times. In terms of mental health status, adolescents with excessive use times had higher generalized anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, and suicidal thought scores than adolescents with normal use times. Conclusion : This study can be used as a basic reference for research on smartphone overuse.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2000

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is generally considered to be a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, especially depression and anxiety disorder. Despite the anxiety disorders are frequent sequelae after traumatic brain injury, the patients have not been payed medical attention and treated by doctors properly. The factors of precipitating and sustaining the anxiety disorders after TBI are brain injury itself, and the patient's or caregiver's response to the disability after TBI. To diagnose and treat them effectively, the knowledge about the mechanisms of and symptoms after TBI have to be needed. Psychiatrist should be a supportive and good listener to the patients who are complaining anxiety symptoms and differentiate whether the psychiatric symptoms are due to TBI or not. Because the TBI patients are very sensitive to drug side effects, doctors have to be familiar with the side effects as well as the mechanisms of action of the common psychotropics.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2017

Objective : This study aimed to investigate differences in demographic, clinical characteristics, and quality of life between panic-disorder patients with generalized anxiety disorder (PD+GAD) and without generalized anxiety disorder (PD-GAD). Methods : We examined data from 218 patients diagnosed with PD+GAD (150 patients) and PD-GAD (68patients). The following instruments were applied: Stress coping strategies, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R), Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ), NEO-neuroticism(NEO-N), Short Form health survey-36 (SF-36). Results : Compared to the PD-GAD group, the PD+GAD group had higher scores in emotion-focused coping strategies and clinical severity, such as BDI, BAI, PDSS, ASI, APPQ, and neuroticism. The PD+ GAD group showed lower scores in most scales in SF-36 status than PD-GAD group. Conclusions : This study shows that PD+GAD patients are different from PD-GAD patients in coping strategies, clinical severity and quality of life. It emphasizes the need of personalized therapy in clinical approach among patients with PD+GAD.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Objective : Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common anxiety disorder characterized by excessive worries and anxiety symptoms. To distinguish between pathological and normal worries, this study compared the contents and severity of worries among patients with GAD with those of matched non-psychiatric control Methods : Thirty outpatients with GAD receiving treatment at the psychiatric department of Hanyang University Guri Hospital were recruited. As a matched control group, we selected 30 adults without psychiatric history who participated in the Anxiety Disorder Survey, during the Mental Health Exposition held in Seoul in April, 2014. Matched demographic data were age, sex, education, and household income. Self-questionnaires included demographic data, contents of worry (10 categories of worries and each severity), and the Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Results : There was no statistical difference in the contents of worry between patient and control groups. However, the total PSWQ scores significantly higher in the GAD group. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that patients and non-patients worry about the similar contents and worries in GAD cannot be differentiated by what people worry about. Only the severity of worry was a distinguishable feature. Our finding supported inclusion of the diagnostic criterion of "excesslve wornes" in GAD.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.105-121
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• 1987

The authors studied anxiety-depression using New Anxiety-Depression Scale(NADS), in the subjects of 3,499male and 1,335 female college freshmen of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of NADS during the periods from January to February, 1986, and applied ANOVA and t-test on anxiety-depression scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors, and sexs. The results are as follows : There was significant difference in the mean awerages of total scores between male and female students: male students scored $31.49{\pm}6.57$ female students scored $33.37{\pm}6.84$ (P<0.001) The anxiety-depression scores relating to the items of sleep disturbance, apprehension, decreased libido and fatigue were relatively higher in both groups. Ninety-nine male students(2.8%) showed seriously high degree anxiety-depression scores of 50 or higher, while forty female students(3.0%) showed the same scores. There was a strong tendency toward higher anxiety-depression scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their home atmosphere, colleges, departments and familiarity of parents, and those who had pessimistic views of self image in the past, present, or fartare in both groups (P<0.001) The students whose maturation locations were below city level, showed higher level of anxiety-depression scores in both groups (P<0.05) NADS and SAS, SDS, and Leeds scale were correlated significantly in 0.64, 0.61, and 0.77 of correlation coefficient.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2013

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is defined as the tendency to react negatively on an emotional, cognitive, and behavioral level to uncertain situations and events. However, this definition is somewhat categorical and does not explain the phenomenology of IU. Intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS), the standard measure of IU, was considered to have two factors : 'unacceptability and avoidance of uncertainty' and 'uncertainty leading to the inability to act'. IU may be a cognitive vulnerability factor for clinical worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A number of moderators and mediators including cognitive avoidance, experiential avoidance and rumination influence the relationship between IU, worry, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxious and depressive symptoms. IU may be more strongly related to the symptoms of GAD than to symptoms of other anxiety disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and major depressive disorder. IU may serve as an important transdiagnostic feature across anxiety and depressive disorders. Incorporating IU-specific treatment components into therapeutic protocols may result in pervasive benefits, and not only for those with GAD or OCD, but for people with any anxiety disorder or with depression.