• Proceedings of the KSEG Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.15-22
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• 2001

퇴적암의 풍화특성을 파악하기 위해서는 풍화과정을 지배하는 암석의 광물 조성과 화학성분에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 풍화정도에 따른 퇴적암의 특성을 고찰하기 위해서 대구지역에 분포하고 있는 퇴적암을 채취하여 화학 및 광물성분 분석과 시간경과에 따른 물리 및 역학특성 시험을 실시하였다. 퇴적암에 대한 풍화판정법은 시험결과 Parker의 풍화지수식이 잘 일치하였고 모암에 함유된 $Al_2$O$_3$, CaO, $Na_2$O, $K_2$O, MgO등의 화학성분과 조장석(Albite, Ab), 백운모(Muscovite, Ms), 마그네타이트(Magenetite, Mt)등의 광물성분이 풍화와 밀접한 관계가 있었으며, 또한 암석의 풍화정도와 공학적 성질에 대한 상관관계식을 제안하였다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 1993

The clay minerals such as sericite, pyrophyllite, chlorite and smectite abundantly occur in the Bobae pottery stone mine in Pusan. In this study, the processes which are responsible for the formation of these minerals were studied by examing their occurrence and mineralogical properties. The so-called pottery stone of this mine is characterized by the predominance of sericite and quartz. The sericite of the pottery stone is mostly $2M-{1}$ type. And many of quartz particles are smaller than a few micron in diameter. The pottery stone also contained a small amount of pyrophyllite and muscovite. The pottery stone deposit occurs within the Cretaceous rhyodacite and is particularly well developed near the contact with the quartz porphyry which intrudes the rhyodacite. The fact implies that the pottery stone is the product of hydrothermal alteration of the rhyodacite by the intrusion of quartz porphyry. The pottery stone was formed by the alteration that accompanies the dissociation of feldspar and chlorite in parent rocks and subsequent formation of sericte and quartz. Smectite, laumontite and kaolinite occur locally within the altered rocks. These minerals were formed after formation of pottery stone. It is noteworthy that beidellite occurs as a pink-colored clay from the altered rocks in the mine.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.38-49
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• 1974

운모기판에 증착한 비정형 셀레니움 박막의 결정성장의 형태와 그 변태속도에 대하여 연구하였다 열처리된 박막에서 비정질성분은 CS2에 용해되나 결정질은 아무 변화없이 남아 있으므로 쉽게 현미경을 이용하여 그 모양을 조사할 수 있다. 결정은 (30$^{\circ}$~10$0^{\circ}C$ 온도 범위에서) 박막과 운모기관의 경계면을 따라서 원형상(구상 결정의 이차원 적 모양) 중심으로 부터 일정 속도로 자란다. 또한 필라멘트 형태의 결정이 원형상 결정의 비 규칙적인 부분에서 박막을 뚫고 위로 자란다. 이들 필라멘트형 결정은 자유표면에 도달하여 새로이 자유표면을 따라서 원형상으로 자라게 된다. 경계에 있는 원형상 결정의 두께는 약 500$\AA$정도이고 이것이 비정질 세레니움 박막에서 보이는 "어두어 지는" 현상의 원인이 되고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 원형상 결정은 아주 조그마한 결정 "도메인"으로 구성되어 있으며 이들 "도메인"의 축 방향은 경계면과 나란하고 반경방향에 수직으로 되어 있다. 고온처리에서 얻어지는 규칙적인 결정은 이들 "도메인"이 모여서 "라멜라"를 형성하여 중심부에서부터 뻗어나가고 이들 "라멜라"간의 공간은 불규칙적으로 나열된 "도메인"으로 연결되어 있으며, 고분자 결정에 비하여 훨씬 두껍다. 반경 방향으로의 결정성장 속도는 아주 순도가 높은 박막에서는 시간에 따라 일정하고 주어진 온도에서 재현성이 아주 좋다. 이 실험에서 측정된 성장속도는 지금까지 발표된 어느 실험에서 관측된 것보다 빠르고 또 자유표면에서 자라는 속도에 비해서 약 백 여배나 빠르다. 결장 성장의 온도 의존은 u=6$\times$1015 exp[-32.7(kcal/mol)/RT] cm/sec로 표시할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.223-234
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• 2019

The geology of the Samdeok Mo deposit consists of Paleozoic Hwajeonri formation, Kowoonri formation, Suchangri formation, Iwonri formation, Hwanggangri formation, Cretaceous, leucocratic porphyritic granite and granitic porphyry. This deposit consists of three quartz veins that filled NS oriented fractured zones in Suchangri formation. Quartz veins vary from 0.05 m to 0.3 m in thickness and extend to about 400 m in strike length. Quartz veins occur as massive, breccia, and cavity textures. Wallrock alteration has silicification, sericitization, argillitization and chloritization. The mineralogy of the quartz veins consists of quartz, fluorite, white mica, biotite, apatite, monazite, rutile, ilmenite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, Fe-Mg-Mn oxide and Fe oxide. White mica from Samdeok Mo deposit occurs as fine or coarse grains in quartz vein and hostrock and has four mineral assemblages (I type: quartz, molybdenite, Fe oxide and Fe-Mg-Mn oxide, II type: quartz, Fe oxide and Fe-Mg-Mn oxide, III type: quartz and biotite, and IV type: quartz). The structural formular of white mica from quartz vein is $(K_{0.89-0.60}Na_{0.05-0.00}Ca_{0.01-0.00}Sr_{0.02-0.00})_{0.94-0.62}(Al_{1.54-1.12}Mg_{0.36-0.18}Fe_{0.26-0.09}Mn_{0.04-0.00}Ti_{0.02-0.00}Cr_{0.02-0.00}Zn_{0.01-0.00})_{1.91-1.72}(Si_{3.40-3.11}Al_{0.92-0.60})_{4.00}O_{10}(OH_{1.68-1.42}F_{0.58-0.32})_{2.00}$, but white mica of I type has higher FeO content, and lower $SiO_2$ and MgO contents than white micas of other types. Also, compositional variations in white mica from the Samdeok Mo deposit are caused by phengitic or Tschermark substitution ($(Al^{3+})^{VI}+(Al^{3+})^{IV}{\leftrightarrow}(Fe^{2+}{\text{ or }}Mg^{2+})^{VI}+(Si^{4+})^{IV}$) and direct $(Fe^{3+})^{VI}{\leftrightarrow}(Al^{3+})^{VI}$ substitution.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.299-314
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• 2008

The NE-trending Honam shear zone is a broad, dextral strike-slip fault zone between the southern margin of the Okcheon Belt and the Precambrian Yeongnam Massif in South Korea and is parallel to the trend of Sinian deformation that is conspicuous in Far East Asia. In this paper, we report geochemical and isotopic(Sr and Nd) data of mylonitic quartz-muscovite Precambrian gneisses and surrounding foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids near the Myeongho area in the Yecheon Shear Zone, a representative segment of the Honam Shear Zone. Foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids commonly plot in the granodiorite field($SiO_2=61.9-67.1\;wt%$ and $Na_2O+K_2O=5.21-6.99\;wt%$) on $SiO_2$ vs. $Na_2O+K_2O$ discrimination diagram, whereas quartz-muscovite Precambrian orthogneisses plot in the granite field. The foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids are mostly calcic and calc-alkalic and are dominantly magnesian in a modified alkali-lime index(MALI) and Fe# [$=FeO_{total}(FeO_{total}+MgO)$] versus $SiO_2$ diagrams, which correspond with geochemical characteristics of Cordilleran Mesozoic batholiths. The foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids have molar ratios of $Al_2O_3/(CaO+Na_2O+K_2O)$ ranging from 0.89 to 1.10 and are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, indicating I type. In contrast, Paleoproterozoic orthogneisses have peraluminous compositions, with molar ratios of $Al_2O_3/(CaO+Na_2O+K_2O)$ ranging from 1.11 to 1.22. On trace element spider diagrams normalized to the primitive mantle, the large ion lithophile element(LILE) enrichments(Rb, Ba, Th and U) and negative Ta-Nb-P-Ti anomalies of foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids and mylonitized quartz-muscovite gneisses in the Yecheon Shear Zone are features common to subduction-related granitoids and are also found in granitoids from a crustal source derived from the arc crust of active continental margin. ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(T)$ and initial Sr-ratio ratios of foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids with suggest the involvement of upper crust-derived melts in granitoid petrogenesis. Foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids in the study area, together with the Yeongju Batholith, show not changing contents of specific elements(Ti, P, Zr, V and Y) from shear zone to the area near the shear zone. These results suggest that no volume changes and geochemical alterations in fluid-rich foliated hornblende-biotite granitoids may occur during deformation, which mass transfer by fluid flow into the shear zone is equal to the mass transfer out of the shear zone.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

The metamorphic environments occrrred in the Sadong and the Gobangsan formations were studied through the investigation of chloritoid and white mica in shales at Munkyung area. Two types of white mica occurs in the shale of Sadong formation; muscovite-dominant ($Mu_{76.1}Pa_{18.1}Ma_{5.8}$) and margarite-dominant ($Ma_{52.9}Mu_{31.6}Pa_{15.5}$). It is inferred that the muscovite-dominant white mica is generated by the diagenesis of Na-rich illite whereas the margarite-dominant white mica is generated by reactions between calcite and pyrophyllite separated from illite. In shales of the Gobangsan formation, chloritoids are observed with muscovite, pyrophyllite and chlorite. The chloritoids of the Gobangsan formation are considered to be originated from the reaction between pyrophyllite and chlorite. The Sadong and Gobangsan formations would have experienced the low-temperature metamorphism (anchizone) considering that white mica in general forms above the temperature of $200^{\circ}C$ and the assemblage of chloritoid-pyrophyllite-chlorite is stabilized below $280^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

The metasedimentary rocks of the Nampo Croup consisting of metaconglomerates, metasandstones, phyllites are exposed in the area of the Daechcon beach and Maryangri, Seocheon-gun. Their typical metamorphic assemblages of Bt-Mus-Grt-Qtz (${\pm}Pl{\pm}Chl$) and Bt-Mus-Qtz (${\pm}Pl{\pm}Chl$) indicate that they have been under intermediate P/T type metamorphism and were metamorphosed to garnet zone grade of amphibolite-facies during the Daebo Orogeny. Pressure-temperature conditions of peak metamorphism estimated from geothermobarometries are $560{\sim}595^{\circ}C$, $6.9{\sim}8.2\;kb$ respectively. The results of K-Ar biotite age determination are $143.2{\pm}3.6\;Ma$, $122.6{\pm}2.4\;Ma$ and $124.8{\pm}2.4\;Ma$ and the last two ages are considered as the results of later-stage thermal perturbation. On the bases of the formation age of Daedong Supergroup of $187{\sim}172\;Ma$ (Han et al., 2006; Jeon et al., 2007) combined with the results of this study, the hypothetical model of tectonometamorphic evolution of the study area during Daebo Orogeny is proposed. Crustal thickening resulted from folding and duplexing of thrusts in the area initiated at around 175 Ma just after sedimentation of Nampo Croup. And then rapid cooling by normal faulting due to crustal extention followed immediately after the peak metamorphism to the closure temperature of biotite.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2009

Mineral compositions of the Gyeonggi Bay surface sediments were determined using the high resolution X-ray diffractometer and Siroquant v. 3.0 program. Surface sediments are composed of rock forming minerals (quartz 63.8%, plagioclase 12.9%, alkali feldspar 11.7%, muscovite 4.3%, amphibole 1.2%, biotite 0.5% on average), clay minerals (illite 2.4%, chlorite 1.4%, kaolinite 0.4%) and carbonate minerals (calcite 0.1%, aragonite 0.3%). Coarse sediments are high in the northern, southern and central parts of the study area, whereas fine sediments are high in the northern and southern parts of the central area. Coarse sediments have relatively a high quartz content in the northern part, and relatively high plagioclase and muscovite contents in the southern part of the study area. In the southern part and the northern part of central area, fine sediments have relatively a high illite content, and chlorite and kaolinite contents, respectively.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.265-280
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• 2003

The Mugeuk mineralized area that associated with the pull-apart type Cretaceous Eumseong basin is composed of several gold-silver vein deposits that are emplaced in late Cretaceous biotite granite. The gold-silver deposits in the area show various hydrothermal alteration zones as well as Au/Ag ratios and ore mineralogy. The Geumbong mine showing relatively high gold fineness is composed of multiple veins and show alteration pattern; vein \longrightarrow phyllic \longrightarrow subphyllic \longrightarrow propylitic \longrightarrow subpropylitic zone. In contrast, The Taegeuk mines show the low fineness values, in far southern part are characterized by increasing tendency of simple and/or stockwork veins. The deposit displays alteration pattern; vein \longrightarrow propylitic \longrightarrow subpropylitic zone. Variations of alteration zone with depth show that phyllic zone are dominant in deeper level and propylitic zone sporadically overlapped by argillic zone are dominant in shallow level. The differences of alteration pattern between the gold-silver deposits are reflect the evolution of the hydrothermal fluids; the ore-forming fluids of the Geumbong mine are at relatively high temperature and salinity and highly-evolved meteoric water, developing phyllic zone, the Taegeuk mine containing greater amounts of less-evolved meteoric waters shows relatively low temperature and salinity in ore-forming fluids, developing propylitic zone. The various physicochemical environment for gold-silver mineralization in the Mugeuk mineralized area is due to proximity from heat source area (Mugeuk mine) to marginal area (Taegeuk mine) in a geothermal field. Therefore, it is suggested that the criteria for project exploration in the area are to focus on the area proximal to heat source and phyllic zone.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.196-206
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• 2003

The geochemical and mineralogical investigation on the rocks and repair material comprising of the Sungryemun (The 1st National Treasure) has been made. Rock of the Sungryemun is highly weathered coarse-grained calc-alkali granite. The rock consists mainly of quartz, perthite, plagioclase and biotite with small amounts of orthoclase, muscovite, chlorite and sericite, which are major weathering products from perthite. For obtaining informations about degree of weathering, mineral composition of the original rock calculated by CIPW norm and weathered rock composition determined by XRD quantitative analysis were plotted on a ternary diagram of quartz-potash feldspar-plagioclase. Original rock compositions are plotted on the central granite area. whereas weathered ones are plotted on the granite area close to quartz. The result means that quartz is more abundant in weathered rock, due to selective chemical weathering of potash feldspar and plagioclase over quartz. On the whole, surface of the rocks were black-coated, exfoliated and highly fractured due to the physical and chemical weathering and heavy load has made the cracks in the lower parts of the stone construction. Also, cement and nails, which was used as repair material, during the repair work in the early 1960's, has accelerated the weathering process. Furthermore, weathered conditions of repair materials are very severe. Therefore, it is very urgent to establish of the conservation plan for the Sungryemun.