• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.66-79
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• 1998

This study purposes to elucidate the characteristics of local water quality and the evolutional process of the spring water have been studied with the samples from 55 selected springs, from the coast region to the Baegrogdam, a caldera lake of Halla mountain in Cheju Island. Results of hydrochemical analyses in the 55 spring water show that Gwaneumsa is pollued with high hydrogen concentration, and spring waters from Yusuarmchun, Jangsumul, Dukjisemmul, Sinch'onk'nmul, Youngchunsa, Woonyangchun, Harwontongmul, Dongheamul, Seakdalsengsu, Andukkyekok, Dotimul, Kinmul, Harkangmul and Jungkeummul are polluted by the pollution sources from the surface surrounding ground. Spring waters of Samyang3suwon, Meungbusa, Sernurungmul, Tosanmul, Jungkeummul, Kwakgimul, Aewolharmul, Konemul and Nokgomul are also polluted from the sea water intrusion. The electrical conductivity, pH and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and bicarbonate increase when the precipitation increases, but the concentration of sodium, chloride and sulphate decrease when the precipitation increases. The concentrations of potassium, magnessium and calcium are nearly independent of the precipitaion. Quality characteristics of spring water show complicated group of spring water through piper's trilinear diagram. The high mountain region consists of groups of sodium or potassium type and bicarbonate type; the middle mountain region consists of groups of sodium or potassium type and no dominant type; the low mountain consists of groups of no dominant type and sulfate or nitrate type; the coast region consists of groups of sodium or potassium type and chloride type or no dominant type. These characteristics indicate that the spring waters are changed from bicarbonate type in the high and middle mountain regions into non-bicarbonate type in the coastal region, as the precipitated waters flow downslope.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 2014

Mt. Hallasan in Jejudo has been well known as a habitat for both northern and southern limited butterflies and attracts the interests of many lepidopterists. In this study, the line transect method was used to monitor the community and similarity of butterflies monthly monitoring from May to September 2013, and the results were compared with the previous data. Through monitoring, 3,397 individuals in 26 species of 5 families were found in the present study. The monitored individuals belonging to 4 species (Aphantopus hyperantus, Eumenis autono, Lethe diana and Melanargia epimede) was 2,578 (75.9%), showing the prevalent species among the butterflies observed in the grassy area of the Mt. Hallasan. The butterflies inhabiting Mt. Hallasan showed higher similarity in the area where the open grassy space and the crowns of tree layer coexist than in landscape consisting of solely the tree layer or open grassy space. The habitation of butterflies by heights showed the altitudes between 1,665 to 1,700 m, located beneath the Baekrokdam (the crater) of Mt. Hallasan, possessed the most species and individuals. And it was also observed that the species that previously inhabited the subalpine zone moved to the area of higher altitudes together with the species that previously inhabited rather lower altitudes than the subalpine zone.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.149-164
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• 2014

The representative landscapes in Jeju Island called as Ten sceneries of Yeongju originates with Ten sceneries of Tamra which were organized in the late seventeenth century by Jeju governor Lee Iktae. In order to compose ten representative sceneries in Jeju Island, he selected four strongholds such as Jocheon, Byeolbang, Seogwi and Myeongwol and six places of scenic beauty such as Seongsan, Baekrokdam, Yeonggok, Cheonjiyeon, Sanbang and Chwibyeongdam, and made a painting named as Ten sceneries of Tamra. Since the scenes of strongholds also exhibit a lot of geomorphic landscapes, the painting could be considered a collection of representative landforms in Jeju Island. The painting depicts several types of landform such as volcano, crater, river, waterfall, pool, wetland, cavern, tor and rocky coast. The volcanic edifice appears most frequently in the painting, reflecting the particular emotion of Jeju people on Mt. Halla and oreums. However, another volcanic landform, a lava tube, was not highly evaluated due to its negative images. Three famous waterfalls in Jeju Island were included in Ten sceneries of Tamra, and it suggests that they are essentially outstanding landforms, and besides, there are few sites related with fresh water in Jeju Island. The ten sceneries were entirely organized in spite of the limitation of selecting places at that time. The landscape images of Jeju Island, which had been shared as collective representation by Jeju people, were firstly externalized through Lee Iktae's painting, and have long been passed down and established a kind of scenic stereotype.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.127-134
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• 2023

The god of water, Baltara (Bhadra: in the northern part of India), Tammola Around 563-483, he came to Tamra with 900 Arhats (BC483-AD1105, during the reign of King Sukjong of Goryeo, the kingdom of Tamra became Hangun-hyeon in Goryeo). It is the spread of Buddhism through the world's most sacred water (Heiligkeit, one of the four elements water, fire, air, and earth) and the world's largest Arhat The reverse of Halla, appendix: to find the stone statue of Buddha at Seogo Temple in Jeonju, Hwangbangsan. Since ancient times, Jeju people have called Truth Mt. that Mt. Halla protects against typhoons blowing from the south. It looks like it has been hardened by fire. On the coming day, the greatest breath of Venerable Baltara in Jeju is Olle Road No. 1 from Siheung-ri, Seongsanpo to No. 26 Gujwa-myeon Jongdal-ri. It is the Oval Jeju "Road Way" that clearly shows "the beginning is the end, and the end is the beginning" of Cheonbugyeong.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2014

This study has been designed to collate distribution, morphology, petrology of columnar joint in South Korea. Reported columnar joint areas in South Korea are 68, until the present time. These can be divided into five group by geography and volcanic activity. 1) The 16 columnar joint areas are distributed in Hantangang region. The 15 areas in this region are composed of basaltic lava in the Quaternary period, and the other 1 area is composed of volcanic rocks in the Cretaceous period. 2) The 18 columnar joint areas are distributed in Jeju island. Most of them are composed of basaltic lava(alkali basalt and Hawaiite), and the Sanbangsan and Baegrokdam area are composed of trachyte in the Quaternary period. Colonnade, entablature and chisel mark of the columnar joint are typically occur in basaltic lava. 3) The 5 columnar joint areas are distributed into the Ulleung island and Dokdo including Guksubawi. These are consisted of relatively well-formed trachyte columns in the Quaternary period. 4) The 8 columnar joint areas are distributed into the Pohang, Gyeongju and Ulsan region and consist of the Tertiary period volcanic rock. It's shape are dome, radial, horizontal and vertical. The 4 columnar joint areas are reported in the Pyeongtaek and Asan city of Chungcheongnamdo and Gosung of Gangwondo. All of them are the Tertiary period basalt. 5) The 15 columnar joint areas are distributed into the west and south coast region. Those are consisted of various rock type(from basalt to dacite), various occurrences(lava flow to welded tuff), and various diameters(20 cm to several meters). The columnar joint of Mudeung mountain and Juwang mountain are welded tuff in the Cretaceous period. The columnar joint is distributed over a wide area in South Korea, 5 in Gangwondo, 13 in Gyeonggido, 2 in Chungnam, 14 in Gyeongbuk, 1 in Jeonbuk, 10 in Jeonnam, 5 in Gyeongnam, and 18 in Jeju. The columnar joints in South Korea can be arranged in order of formative period, 18 in the Cretaceous period, 12 in the Tertiary period, and 38 in the Quaternary period. By magma series, 36 are belong to alkaline series and 32 are belong to sub-alkaline series.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2009

This paper attempts to look at the identity of the traditional famous sceneries of Jeju Island by investigating the relationship between 'Yeoung Ju-Sipikyung(瀛州十二景)', which are the representative beautiful scenes of Jeju Island, and two paintings 'T'amna-Sipkyungtdo(耽羅十景圖)' and 'T'amna-Sullyokto(耽羅巡歷圖)' by a grasp of the contents and meanings of these two paintings. The following are the results of the study. In the 'T'amna-Sipkyung', which is the origin of today's 12 beautiful sceneries of Jeju Island, Baekrokdam and Youngsil are both symbolic places and the backdrops against which Jeju's myths were formed. Jocheonjin, Seogwijin and Myoungwoljin, located near the seashores, are strategic footholds in protecting the territory of the island and connotatively contain its culture and history. Seongsan Ilchulbong, Sanbangsan, Chwibyeongdam and Cheonjeyeon Pokpo are not only the quintessentially beautiful scenes of Jeju but also belong to 'YeoungJu-Sipikyung'. And 'T'amna-Sullyokto', which describes the Jeju horses and tangerines that were presented to the king as tribute, offers scenic elements with a strong political tone and is related to the five scene of 'T'amna-Sullyokto', showing that 'defense' and 'tribute' are motives in choosing the sceneries of people's daily lives here. Jeju's daily scenes in particular have been continuously transmitted: 'Idyllic lives with the background of a tangerine orchard' are shown in 'Kowon Panggo' and 'Kyullim P'ungak', and Jeju horses grazing on pastures or being ridden in hunting trips are presented in 'Sanjang Kuma' and 'Kyorae Taeryop'. Besides Baekrokdam and Youngsil, which do not belong to Sunyeok(巡歷) corridor of minister Lee Hyoungsang, 'Yeoung Ju-Sipikyung', directly related to 'T'amna-Sipkyung', has six beautiful sceneries: Seongsan of Seongsan Ilchulbong, Baekrokdam of Baekrokmanseol, Younggok of Youngsilgiam, Sanbang of Sanbanggulsa Chwibyeongdam of Yongyeonyabeom and Seogwiso of Seojinnoseong. The image of 'Gosumokma', the tenth landscape of 'Yeoung Ju-Sipikyung', was expressed as it is, through 'Udojeomma' and 'Sanjangguma'. The ten beautiful sceneries of 'T'amna-Sipkyung' were also especially described in 'T'amna-Sullyokto', besides Baekrokdam and Youngsil, which do not belong to Sunyeok corridor. As the places and landscapes emphasized on 'T'amna-Sipkyungto' and 'T'amna-Sullyokto' in common have been transmitted by the politicians and ancestors of Jeju Island, they have become established as today's 'Yeoung Ju-Sipikyung', passing through correction processes. When considering this process of development, 'Yeoung Ju-Sipikyung' are worthy of heritage and traditional landscapes accomplished in a long difficult period based on investigation into beautiful Jeju Island and the love of the island people for their home.