• 주택과사람들
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• s.198
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• pp.66-67
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• 2006

건축가 아라타 이소자키(Arata Isozaki)는 우리에게도 낯설지 않다. 세계 곳곳에서 수많은 작품들을 진행했을 뿐만 아니라 우리나라에 서도 백남준미술관 건립을 위한 건축설계 아이디어 국제 공모전의 심사위원, 행정도시 국제 공모전의 심사위원을 맡았기 때문이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.76-76
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• 1995

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 1994

Visibility impairment phenomenon due to various air pollutants is a highly complex problem To understand this problem in Seoul, (1) theoretical background of visibility impairment; (2) methods to quantify visual range and to assess contribution of each air pollutant to the visibility impairment problem; and (3) previous field measurements and modeling studies, both in Korea and abroad, are critically reviewed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1994

The trend of visibility variation of Seoul during 1980-1993 is analyzed. Annual average visibility has been decreased during the 1980s except 1988 and 1989 but not decreasing during the early 1990s. Also, the number of days with haze during 1983-1993 did not increase. Mixing height is deemed to be a dominant factor determining visibility. During the period, the difference between the average visibility at 6 p.m and 9 a.m decreased with the average visual range at 9 a.m slightly increased. Thus there is possibility that the effect of Photochemcial reactions becomes noticeable. The number of vehicles and the concentration of criteria air pollutants on the trend of visibility variation of Seoul would not be directly related to the variation of visibility.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 1995

An intensive field study was carried out during Aug. 1993 in Seoul to study the characteristics of summertime visibility and diurnal trend of ionic composition of ambient particles. A transmissometer, nephelometer with heated and unheated inlets, PM3 fine particle sampler, and cascade impactor were used to measure optical and particle properties of ambient air. During this study period, a weak smog episode has occurred. Light scattering by particles is the most dominant factor on total light extinction. The effect of light absorption by particles in Seoul is much higher than other major cities in U.S.A. throughout the summer and fall with relatively constant values. The effect of water on $b_{sp}$ was small during the period. The particle size distribution shows a typical bimodal one. Sulfate, ammonium, chloride, and nitrate are the major chemical species in fine fraction aerosols, about 30% of toral mass concentration. Concentraion of sulfate is higher during the daytime while those of nitrate and chloride are higher during the nighttime. Ammonium concentration is constant through the daytime.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.407-419
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• 1996

Characteristics of visual air quality in Seoul have been investigated between June 13 and 21, 1994. Optical properties (extinction coefficient and particle scattering coefficient), meteorological parameters (relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and cloud cover), particle characteristics (mass size distribution, components) were measured and analyzed. During measurement periods, northwest wind with less than 2m/sec of wind speed deteriorates visibility. Effects of relative humidity are though to be not a direct factor which influence to visibility through the size change due to hygroscopic species in aerosol. During the smoggy period both the aerosol mass concentration and fine particle fraction of the size distribution are increased compared to the clear period. Sulfate, organic carbon, and elemental carbon in aerosol are the major species in determining the occurrence and severity of a smog in Seoul.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.179-191
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• 1997

The concentrations of organic and elemental carbon were determined using fine particle samples collected from Kosan, Cheju Island during the summer seasons of 1994 and 1995. The daily mean concentrations of organic and elemental carbon for each measurement period were 3.74 and 0.27 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in 1994, while those of 1995 were 2.36 and 0.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively The concentrations of organic carbon were higher than those commonly observed from clean areas around the world, but those of elemental carbon were lower than, or comparable to, other clean areas in the world. The resulting ratios of total carbon to elemental carbon at this site were thus higher than those seen from other metropolitan and non-polluted regions abroad. In addition according to our analysis, the 1994 measurement period can be classified into two periods: enhanced (July 20 and August 1) and reduced levels (August 2 and 9) of the carbonaceous species. The observed difference between two periods may be in part accounted for by the air trajectories representing each period. During the former period, the air masses from the Asian continent and Japan were dominant, while the air masses from the North Pacific Ocean came during the latter period. OC/EC ratios at the site were calculated to predict the possible formation of secondary organic aerosol . Based on our observations, we suggest that the formation of secondary organic aerosol might be an important pathway to the production of organic carbons.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.320-328
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• 1993

Gaseous pollutants in Namsan Nos. 1, 2, and 3 tunnels and Pukak tunnel were measured along the road by an air-monitoring van from the evening of February 9 to the morning of February 12 in 1993. Average concentrations of pollutants in Namsan tunnels were 9.2-13.5 ppm CO and 0.037-0.047 ppm SO$_{2}$. Average concentrations of SO$_{2}$ in Pukak tunnel was 0.79 ppm, higher than those in Namsan tunnels, due to the traffic of heavy-duty buses and trucks. The pollutant concentrations in Namsan tunnesl could be explained by emission of passenger cars using unleaded gasolin and LPG taxies. Average concentration of NO$_{x}$ in Namsan tunnels was at least 1.1 ppm, estimated from the emission factor of pasenger cars using unleaded gasoline. Pollutant concentrations in Namsan No. 3 tunnel were higher at the exit because of the piston action of air mass in the tunnel provided by the traffic. Fans installed at Namsan and Pukak tunnes could be useful, but their flushing action of ambient air in the tunnel was not clearly observed.d.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 1994

Continuous measurements of the extinction coefficient( $b_{ext}$ ) and scattering coefficient due to Particle( $b_{sp}$ ) were made during the fall 1993 in Seoul along with the measurements of the size distribution, ionic composition of particles. On the average, $b_{sp}$ values are 55% and 79% of $b_{ext}$ values during the clear and smoggy Periods respectively. Also the average values of $b_{ext}$ and $b_{sp}$ were 0.791$\times$10$^{-3}$ $m^{-1}$ (visual range 4.9km) and 0.628$\times$10$^{-3}$ $m^{-1}$ (visual range 6.2km) during the smoggy Period, and 0.297$\times$10$^{-3}$ $m^{-1}$ (visual range 13.1km) and 0.164$\times$10$^{-3}$ $m^{-1}$ (visual range 23.8km) during the clear period, respectively. The Peak at about 1${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of the Particle size distribution during the smoggy period is about four times higher than that during the clear period while the peaks at about 5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ during both periods are similar. Also, the concentrations of sulfate and nitrate at about 1${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ during the smoggy Period are much higher than these during the clear Period.eriod.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 1995

Characteristics of anbient at Korean, Cheju Island have been studied during the intensive field study period on March 11 .sim. 17, 1994 in collaboration with other research organizations from Korea and abroad. The particle size distribution was measured using an Electrical Aerosol Analyzer(EAA) and an Optical particle Counter(OPC). Fine particles(PM1 and PM3) have been collected by filter pack samplers and their ionic compositions have been analyzed. sampling errors inherent to the filter pack sampling method are discussed and the method to analyze those errors are presented. The rine mass concentrations of this study show very similar mass concentrations when Seoul is clear. This is somewhat surprising result, because the most of researchers believe that Kosan is one of the cleanest area in Korea. Bimodal volume size distributions with peak values around 0.1 .sim. 0.2.mu.m and 3.mu.m in particle dimeter were observed for most of the measurement period, particle mass loadings and ionic composition data show a large fraction of particles are from non-sea salt origins. Estimation of water content and acidity of particles based on measurement by a gas/particle equilibrium model, SCAPE, reveals that the pH values of particles are comparable to or lower than those estimated based on measurements in Los Angeles, U.S.A. during the SCAQS study. These findings with the meteorological conditions during the study period suggest that the particles collected during the period have originated from outside Cheju Island.