• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 1977

Korean native goats were used for meat production test, and summarized resalts are as follows. 1. The amounts of feed consumed for Korean Native Goat were significantly higher at day than at night. 2. The feed intake was decreased and live weight gain was lower for the summer period. 3. The concentrate consumption was increased when poor quality of pasture and native grass. 4. Compared between single bran feeding group$(T_2)$ and mixed grain feeding group$(T_3)$, the roughage consumption were similar in both groups. 5. By the use of feeding standard for feeding of Korean Native Goat, the feed convertion of T.D.N, D.C.P, and M. E were decreased. 6. It is necessary to periodically protect from contamination parasitic such like stomach worm, liver flack, nodula worm disease and coccidiosis. 7. The carcass rates of goat at 11-12 months age were higher in $T_3$ feeding group as 44.56% compared with $T_2$ feeding group as 42.17% and tethering group as 35.1% and also the dressed carcass percentage were 33.89%, 30.25% and 29.92% respectively. 8. By increasing the amouat concentrate feeds, fat content in muscle was increased but moisture and ash contents were decreased. 9. The fat caused unacceptable flavour was about 4 percent of total dressed goat meat. 10. Among the spices, clove and pepper were better to improved meat flavour for sausage and can meat processing 11. It was known that the quality of goat meat was suitable for meat processing.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins produced by some Fusarium species known to be very frequently contaminated in feed. The study for simultaneous analysis and contamination survey in animal feed carried out. All mycotoxins were analysed by using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass with internal standard. The limits of detection (LOD) were $2.0\;{\mu}g/kg$, $1.0\;{\mu}g/kg$, $1.0\;{\mu}g/kg$ and $0.1\;{\mu}g/kg$ for NIV, DON, T-2 and ZEN, respectively. Two hundred and thirty nine samples of feed were collected. The average concentration of DON was $212.3\;{\mu}g/kg$, $207.8\;{\mu}g/kg$ and $812.1\;{\mu}g/kg$ in chicken, pig and cattle feed, respectively. The average concentration of ZEN was $31.2\;{\mu}g/kg$, $35.6\;{\mu}g/kg$ and $147.2\;{\mu}g/kg$ for them, respectively. Especially, the levels of contamination for DON and ZEN were higher than those of NIV or T-2. And, the levels of contamination for four Fusarium mycotoxins in cattle feed appeared higher than those of pig and chicken feed. It was investigated that the high level of mycotoxin contamination in cattle feed was caused by com gluten feed of ingredients for feed, mainly.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2014

Adding temper into clay prevents to shrink and crack, or twist the clay during the dry process. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of temper and the physical property of earthenware coffin according to the clay state modification in the reduction firing based on earthenware coffins found in Naju which had been made in Three Kingdom Period. Clay from the Oryang-dong site in Naju was used as circle shaped samples. The samples were tempered with various proportions (0%, 20%, 40%) and fired in various temperature ($1000^{\circ}C$, $1100^{\circ}C$, $1200^{\circ}C$). Physical properties were identified by macroscopy, an optical microscope (x50), specific gravity and porosity. Chemical components and existence of specific minerals were identified by analysing XRF and XRD. As a result, the more firing temperature increase, clay volume expansion. To prevent the volume expansion, temper was added.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.345-358
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of low-grade 12th-century celadons, which were excavated from a kiln site in Noksan-dong, Busan. The physical and chemical properties of the body and the glaze are evaluated through scientific analyses. All the selected celadon shards have a similar body color, regardless of the kiln from which they originated. The celadon shards from 2 3 kilns are brighter than those from 4 5 kilns, and there are two saturations, namely gray and brown. The brightness of the glaze shows a high contribution of red and yellow. The porosity of the selected shards is 8.8% in the gray saturation and 16.1% in the brown saturation. The major chemical compositions of the body and glaze are in the typical chemical composition of the celadon, but the $TiO_2$ flux contents are different. The visible characteristic difference between the 2 3 kilns and the 4 5 kilns can be attributed to the mixing and the firing process rather than the raw materials used. The difference in the $Fe_2O_3$ and $K_2O$ flux between the 2 3 and 4 5 kilns can be attributed to changes in the ingredient combination during the process. In conclusion, Noksan-dong celadon could not be easier vitrification due to the manufacturing process that primary burning process, It is highly likely that there were process differences in kilns to produce high quality celadon.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

This study investigates the changes in inorganic composition and the microbial counts during the process of fermentation of mixed domestic organic resources for the development of alternatives for imported oil cake, and examines the characteristics of mixed fermentation organic fertilizer (MFOF). The effect of the MFOF on the lettuce growth is investigated in order to evaluate the possibility of replacing the existing mixed oil cake with the MFOF. Six kinds of domestic by-product resources, which are rice bran, distiller's dried grains, sesame meal, fish meal, and spent mushroom substrate, are mixed by mixing ratio and the composition was analyzed during the fermentation process for 90 days under moisture content 30% and sealed condition. During the 90 days of fermentation, the pH change of the MFOF was little, and the moisture content was maintained at 34-35% until the 60^th day of fermentation, and then decreased to 30-31% on the 90^th day. Total nitrogen content remained unchanged during the fermentation period, but total carbon content showed a significant difference on the 21^st day of fermentation. It was confirmed that the content of fertilizer composition (nitrogen, phosphate, and potash) of the MFOF was 8.7% or more, which is suitable for the minimum amount standard of the main nutrients to be contained in the organic fertilizer. During the fermentation process of organic fertilizer, the density of bacteria and actinomycetes increased until 60 days and 30 days, respectively, and thereafter little changes were shown, and fungal population showed an increasing trend. As a result of lettuce cultivation test in the greenhouse by applying the MFOF, the growth and yield were comparable to that of using the existing mixed oil cake fertilizer when 100% was applied based on crop standard nitrogen fertilizer level. The use of mixed fermentation organic fertilizer made with domestic by-product resources can be used for use in farms in the future and is expected to contribute to the stable production of environment friendly agricultural products.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.563-570
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• 2016

Onion vinegar has an undesirable flavor and taste that results from alcohol and acetic acid production from fermentation. In this study, we have used onion vinegar to develop an onion vinegar beverage with better sensory quality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum blending ratio by using response surface methods to produce an onion vinegar beverage containing Yuza (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka). The optimal formula for a fermented onion beverage was determined using a central composite design by the response surface methodology. The independent variables were obtained by regression analysis of the reaction surface of brown sugar, apple extracts and Yuza extracts. The optimum mixing ratio for onion vinegar:water:brown sugar:apple extracts:Yuza extracts was 6.0:77.6:4.9:9.2:2.3 (w/w). The actual overall acceptance was 7.08 under optimum conditions, which was close to the maximum predicted value of 6.96. The concentration of phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and quercetin present in the onion vinegar beverage was 14.8 mg/100 g, 2.6 mg/100 g and 1.4 mg/100 g, respectively. The onion vinegar beverage showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterobacter aerogenes. It also showed antioxidant effects, with a DPPH radical inhibition rate of 18.2% and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of 11.5%. In conclusion, the onion vinegar beverage described here seems to have nutritional value and potential biological activity.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2010

In this study, as one of solutions associated with the shortage of treatment area of industrial waste and the containment of its harmful components, the bottom ash which is known to be by-products of thermoelectric power plant was selected and its applicability for aggregate of concrete mixture was measured. Hardness test, sieve analysis, water-absorption test and SEM analysis were carried out to investigate the possibility of using bottom ash as a replacement of coarse and fine aggregate. Chemical analyses such as ignition loss test and X-ray incidence were carried out also. In addition, values for slump, strength, permeability, freeze and thaw, and carbonation were evaluated in terms of effects of replacement ratio of bottom ash. As the results, it was found that, though bottom ash is in short supply of fine particles and is in lack of cohesion, these problems can be solved by partially mixing with natural aggregates or improving in a process of production. In addition, bottom ash has not only advantage of durability but also acquirement of general compressive strengths in case that a certain proportion of natural aggregate is applied to mixture, in spite that unit water or chemical admixture should be increased to acquire good workability due to plenty of porosity.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.3 s.93
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• pp.397-404
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• 2006

This paper investigates experimentally the effect of combined addition of expansive additive and shrinkage reducing agent(SRA) on setting time, compressive strength and drying shrinkage of concrete. An increase of EA and SRA content leads to a reduction in flowability, which causes the increase of superplasticizer dosage, while air content increases. For setting time, in spite of increased superplasticizer dosage, with the increase of EA and SRA, setting time shortens. This is due to the presence of alkali ion by SRA and the faster formation of ettringite. At dosage of 5.0% of EA, concrete has the highest compressive strength and above that dosage, compressive strength decreased. On the contrary, the increase of SRA dosage results in a decrease in compressive strength. Combined addition of EA of 5.0% and SRA of 1.0% shows a comparable strength with control concrete. For drying shrinkage, as expected, the increase of EA and SRA dosage leads to reduction of drying shrinkage markedly. Moreover, combined addition of EA and SRA has better drying shrinkage reduction effect than individual use of EA and SRA by as much as $5{\sim}16%$. Optimal combination of EA and SRA is fixed at 5.0% of EA and 0.5% of SRA based on the consideration of the effect of EA and SRA on fresh state, compressive strength and shrinkage of concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1731-1736
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 체가름 시험을 통해 얻은 대표입경으로 조도계수를 산정하고 그 산정된 조도계수의 효용을 검정하고자 하였다. 체가름 분석을 통해 입도곡선을 작성하고 대표입경을 구함으로서 기 수립된 공식에 의한 조도계수를 산정하였다. 산정된 조도계수는 HEC-HMS의 하도추적 방법 중에 하나인 Muskingum-Cunge 8 point 방법과 HEC-RAS의 부정류 해석을 이용한 방법으로 얻은 조도계수를 비교하였다. HEC-HMS의 경우 대상유역인 오산천 유역에 대해 선행연구과정으로 저수지 방류량을 고려한 강우-유출 모형의 매개변수 추정에 관한 연구가 이뤄졌다(2006, 이아름). 선행연구에서는 계산된 유량과 실측 유량을 비교하여 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수를 추정하여 그 중 빈도가 큰 유출사상의 경우에 Sabol 식에 의한 모의 결과가 첨두유량의 재현성이 우수하게 나타남을 확인했다. 따라서 HEC-HMS 모형은 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수는 Sabol의 식에 의해 모형을 구성하고 2001년, 2002년, 2004년, 2005년의 사상에 대해 강우량, 기흥 저수지와 이동저수지의 실제 방류량을 이용해 유출량을 산정하였다. 이중 오산천 유역에 대해 선행연구에서 사용된 Muskingum의 하도추적 방법은 Muskingum-Cunge 8 point 방법으로 변경하여 대상유역에서의 조도계수를 산정하였다. HEC-RAS 모형의 부정류 해석은 2002년과 2005년의 사상으로서 상류단 경계조건으로 기흥 저수지의 방류량을 유량수문곡선으로 이용하였고, 하류단 경계조건으로는 회화수위관측소의 수위수문곡선을 이용했다. 대표입경을 이용해 얻은 조도계수를 HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS를 통해 검정한 결과 실측된 유량과 수위를 비교적 잘 재현해 내는 것으로 나타났으나, 조도계수의 보정을 통한 재현 유량과 수위를 비교했을 때, 대표입경을 통해 얻은 조도계수가 보정 조도계수보다 다소 작은 것으로 해석되었다.하고자 한다.해결책을 얻어내는 상호보완적인 결과를 추구한다. 그가 디자인하는 작품은 전형적인 이미지를 내포하지 않는다. 즉 그의 작품은 기존의 가치와 이념적인 것은 배제하고, 창의적인 개념을 도출하였다.형모서리는 건물 특화 성격이 강하므로 불가피할 경우 소형 액센트 광고 위치를 미리 벽면으로 할애하는 것이 경관 및 입면계획에 유리한 것으로 분석되었다. 불확실도 해석모형 등의 새로운 기능을 추가하여 제시하였다. 모든 입출력자료는 프로젝트 단위별로 운영되어 data의 관리가 손쉽도록 하였으며 결과를 DB에 저장하여 다른 모형에서도 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 HyGIS-HMS 및 HyGIS-RAS 모형에서 강우-유출-하도 수리해석-범람해석 등이 일괄되게 하나의 시스템 내에서 구현될 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 HyGIS와 통합된 수리, 수문모형은 국내 하천 및 유역에 적합한 시스템으로서 향후 HydroInformatics 구현을 염두에 둔 특화된 국내 수자원 분야 소프트웨어의 개발에 기본 토대를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.았다. 또한 저자들의 임상병리학적 연구결과가 다른 문헌에서 보고된 소아 신증후군의 연구결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 자극에 차이가 있지 않나 추측되며 이에 관한 추후 연구가 요망된다. 총대장통과시간의 단축은 결장 분절 모두에서 줄어들어 나타났으나 좌측결장 통과시간의 감소 및 이로 인한 이 부위의 통과시간 비율의 저하가 가장 주요하였다. 이러한 결과는 차가운 생수 섭취가 주로 결장 근위부를 자극하는 효과를 발휘하는 것이 아닌가 해석된다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해 생다시마를 주원료로 개발된 생다시마차와 생다시마 음료가 만성 기능성 변비 증세를 개선하는 효능이 잠재적으로 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 생약제재의 변비약 수준으로 변비 개선 효능을 증대하기 위해서는 재료 배합비의 개선이나 대장 운동기능을 향상시키는 유효성분의 보강 등이 필요하다는 점도 알 수 있었다.더불어

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions for two different amounts of added mulberry powder and fresh cream to prepare functional chocolate with added mulberry powder. The experiment was designed according to the central composite response surface design, which showed 10 experimental points, and included two replicates for mulberry powder and fresh cream. The physiochemical, mechanical, and sensory properties of the test were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. The results of the physiochemical and mechanical analyses of each sample, including pH, moisture content, total phenolic content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, color L, color b, hardness, gumminess, and cohesiveness showed significant differences. The sensory characteristics of the samples tested were significantly different in flavor, texture, sourness, bitterness, and overall acceptability. The optimum formulation calculated by numerical and graphical methods was 25.76 g mulberry powder and 72.21 g fresh cream.