• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.563-574
• /
• 2020

Currently, road tunnels and railroad tunnels are building smoke control systems to emit toxic gases and smoke from fires. Among the various smoke control systems, the transverse smoke control system has the disadvantage that air supply or exhaust is performed on only half of the cross-section, rather than air supply or exhaust on the entire cross-section of the tunnel as air is supplied or exhausted by partitioning the wind path. Therefore, this study analyzed the effect of exhaustion through numerical analysis and scaled model tests on the zoning smoke control system, which improved the limitations of the transverse smoke control system. As a result of the scaled model test, the transverse ventilation system exhibited a 25.6% smoke control rate based on the state where no smoke was controled, and zoning smoke control system showed a smoke control rate of 40.8%. In addition, as a result of numerical analysis, it was found that transverse ventilation system did not control fire smoke spreading from the tunnel and continued to spread. On the other hand, zoning smoke control system was found to be smoke controled within a certain section due to the air curtain effect and the flue gas effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.378-383
• /
• 2011

지능형 터널 배연시스템은 터널상부의 온도를 감지하는 온도감지부에서 들어오는 신호를 해독하여 화재위치 및 화재크기를 선정하고 제연설비의 운전방향 및 배연량을 조절함으로써 연기를 효율적으로 제어할 수 있는 시스템이다. 지능형 터널 배연시스템의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 실물터널의 크기를 1/60로 축소한 모델에서 두가지의 화원위치에 따라 실험을 수행하였다. 화재 발생 후 초기에는 온도가 상승하다가 제연팬이 작동하면 온도가 급격히 낮아진 후 일정하게 유지되면서 서서히 증가한다. 터널화재시 승객의 피난 장애를 주는 연기의 제어를 통해 터널의 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.15 no.6 s.59
• /
• pp.452-461
• /
• 2005

In a bidirectional tunnel, the accident rate is 1.5 times as high as that of one directional tunnel , the risk of a fire is increased. On fire, there is a problem that the jet fan should not be operated until completion of refuge. To be special, as the great damages occur owing to the expansion of smoke in long tunnels, there is a need to minimize fatality by constructing cross passage and smoke removal system. This study aims at verifying the efficiency of smoke exhaust system through fire propagation simulation as well as scale model test. The results show that completion of escape through emergency exit requires 335 seconds, while addition of smoke exhaust system reduce the escape time to 185 seconds. Also, near the fire source temperature decreased by about $60^{\circ}C$. Without the exhaust system, fire propagation speed was in the range of 0.36 and 0.82 m/s, and it dropped to $0.27\~0.58\;m/s$ with the exhaust system on. Taking into account the escape speed of tunnel users, usually $0.7\~1.0\;m/s$, the emergency exit built every 150m is sufficient for the safe egress. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide fundamental information for the smoke exhaust system in bidirectional tunnels.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2011

철도터널에 설치되는 제연/배연시스템 성능을 평가하기 위햐여 수행된 현장 시험에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2008

If fire is occurred in the subway, the train must be moved to the closest station and make passengers get off the train. As a matter of fact, the Fire of Dae-gu Subway was coped with this way. But, the fire smoke extraction system of real subway stations have not designed to deal with fire of trains yet. Therefore, we have to establish a plan of station railroad for preventing from unexpected damage when the fired train comes to the station. The purpose of this study is to establish the effective smoke extraction measure that is to prevent stations from damage by the scale-down experiment.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.527-539
• /
• 2018

The subway used by many passengers is required to maintain a safe and comfortable environment and PSD (Platform Screen Door) must be installed in the platform after reinforcing the standard in 2003. In the previous research, in case of subway fire to control it, it is necessary to design the optimal ventilation and smoke exhaust system according to equipment capacity of the smoke exhaust system. Therefore, in this study, based on the results of previous research, three-dimensional numerical analysis was performed for the CO gas and smoke flow by the subway ventilation system in case of platform fire. As a result of this study, it was found that in case of emergency, if only the upper-level smoke exhaust system is activated, the risk of evacuation is high due to CO gas (653.8 ppm) and smoke concentration ($768.4mg/m^3$). And when all the smoke exhaust systems are activated and only the fire side PSD is opened, CO gas (36.0 ppm) and smoke concentration ($26.2mg/m^3$) are detected and the propagation range of smoke flow was reduced. When all the smoke exhaust systems are activated and only the fire side PSD is closed, it was analyzed as the most effective ventilation mode in the evacuation environment due to the absence of smoke-recirculation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2001

최근 인구 증대 및 도시 집중화에 따른 지상공간 부족의 대안 및 택지 이용도 효율 방안으로 지하공간 개발의 필요성이 증대되고 있다 특히 날로 증대되고 있는 지하공간에서의 문제점으로 설계 및 용도에 적합한 환기 시스템의 도입 및 운영의 미흡으로 공기질 악화 현상과 국민 보건상의 문제로 노출되고 있는 실정이다. 환기시스템은 일상적 공간환기는 물론 화재시의 배연기능을 포함한다. 따라서, 정상적인 작동(일반 환기)과는 별도로 비정상 환경(화재시의 배연)에서의 중요성이 인식되고 있다. 따라서, 시스템 설계 오류는 화재발생시 중대한 인명피해로 연결됨으로서 그 중요성은 아무리 강조하여도 지나침이 없다 이미 미국, 일본, 노르웨이 등의 선진 외국에서는 지하공간의 최적환경 개선은 국민 삶의 질 향상이라는 관점 하에 꾸준히 진행되어오고 있다. $^{(1~3)}$ 우리나라에서도 서울1기 지하철을 시작으로 교통난의 해소를 위하여 2005년까지 총연장 60km에 이를 것으로 전망됨에 따라 지하공간의 공기질 개선 및 화재시의 배연설비의 최적화가 요구된다.(중략)

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2008

Recently, the application of transverse ventilation system in accordance with oversized exhaust ports has been increased in bidirectional road tunnel in order to improving smoke exhaust ability. In this study, numerical simulations were carried out by using FDS (ver. 4.0) which includes variations of exhaust flow rates and heat release rate of fire to obtain the optimal smoke exhaust rate in case of fire in the transversely ventilation system. As a result, smoke exhaust amount tends to increase when the inner velocity is existing in the tunnel. In case of internal longitudinal air velocity 2.5m/s face to the fire, smoke moving distance should be restricted within 250m when the smoke exhaust rate which exceeds $244.8m^3/s$.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2010

In smoke control systems the amount of air supply is almost the same as that of smoke exhaust. This study analyzed the effect of supply air velocity on the smoke exhaust behavior using FDS tool. The results showed that fire plume can be disheveled by the rapid air velocities developed when the air supply inlet is located near the fire plume. Disheveled smoke caused the rapid descent of smoke layer level and the reduced visibility. To increase the efficiency of smoke exhaust systems supply air inlet should be located sufficiently far from the location of the fire plume.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2010

In this study it is intended to review the moving characteristics of smoke by performing visualization simulation for the calculation of the optimal smoke exhaust air volume in case a fire occurs in tunnels where transverse ventilation is applied, and to obtain basic data necessary for the design of smoke exhaust systems by deriving optimal smoke exhaust operational conditions under various conditions. As a result of this study, if it was assumed 0 critical velocity in the tunnel, the smoke exhaust air volume was limited within 250 meter in the road-tunnel disaster prevention indicator and the exhaust efficiency was from 55.1% to 95.8% in the result of this study. If the wind velocity is in the tunnel, the exhaust rate intends to increase rapidly and the exhaust efficiency is decreased. In addition, if the wind velocity is increased, the exhaust rate should be increased in compared with the generation rate of smoke in maximum 1.8 or 1.04 times. In this study, when the wind velocity is in the tunnel, the limited exhaust rate is $84m^3/s{\cdot}250m$. And if it was assumed 1.75 m/s critical velocity in the tunnel, the exhaust rate would be defined $393m^3/s{\cdot}250m$($Q_E$ = 80 + 5Ar).