• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2007

We examined the effects of the vibration stress on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of cultured soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. For the stressed group vibration of $45{\sim}78\;dB$ (V) from electric vibrator was turned on for 15 min with 2-h intervals during daytime hours ($08:00{\sim}18:00$) for 28 days. Two different sizes of soft-shelled turtle, large (carapace length: $12{\sim}16\;cm$, body weight: $300{\sim}600\;g$, large size turtle: LST) and middle ($16{\sim}20\;cm,\;700{\sim}1,000\;g$, middle size turtle: MST) were used. The oxygen consumption of LST the beginning of the experiment (1 day) was 124.30 mg $O_2/kg/hr$, and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of stress decreased by 47.2, 71.6, 79.1 and 86.0%, respectively. In MST, oxygen consumption of beginning day was 66.04 mg $O_2/kg/hr$, and after 28 days of stress decreased by 76.5%. Ammonia nitrogen excretion showed a similar pattern to that of oxygen consumption. Ammonia nitrogen excretion of beginning of the experiment was 0.537 mg N/kg/hr, and after 28 days of stress decreased by 75.4% for LST, and by 74.3% for the middle ones. From in this study it was showed that the physiological activity was reduced by 50% following 8.4 days of vibration stress for LST, and 15.5 days for MST.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.710-714
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• 2003

This study was carried out to compare the effects of different plant oil sources on lipid metabolism of insulin dependent diabetic mice. Streptozotocin-induced (65 mg/kg B.W.) diabetic mice were fed four kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid, which composed of 10% lard, and 10% soy bean oil (SBO), 10% rice germ oil (RGO), 10% rice brab oil (RBO) and 10% sesame oil (SSO) respectively, for 7 weeks. Diet intake, body weight, organs weights and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in diet intake and body weight among experimental groups. But the concentrations of serum triglyceride of RGO and RBO groups, and of serum total cholesterol of RGO and SSO groups were lower than those of the others. The hepatic total cholesterol level was the lowest in RGO group. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in feces of RGO and RBO groups were higher than those of SBO and SSO groups. These results suggested that rice germ oil can effectively reduce serum triglyceride level and hepatic total cholesterol concentration of insulin dependent diabetic mice than rice bran oil, soy bean oil and sesame oil, and hypolipidemic effect of rice germ oil be due to increasing fecal lipid excretion. But we need to investigate the more detailed factors on lipid reducing effect in rice germ oil and rice bran oil.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1990

본 연구는 산업체 근로자의 Sodium섭취 실태를 파악하므로서 효율적인 식사관리와 건강관리의 기초자료를 얻고자 서울 시내 H타이어 공장에 근무하는 건강한 성인남자 40명을 대상으로 3일간의 식사분석과 뇨분석을 행한 것이다. 열량섭취는 1일 평균 3,185$\pm$813(mean$\pm$SD)kcal 였으며 영양소 섭취량은 당질이 541.8$\pm$144.5g, 단백질이 127.2$\pm$61.0g, 지방질이 56.8$\pm$42.7g이었고 총 열량의 68%, 16%, 16%를 차지했다. 식사분석에 의한 Sodium섭취량은 225.3$\pm$75.2mEq(13.2$\pm$4.4g Nacl)였으며 뇨중의 Sodium 배설량은 232.8$\pm$63.8mEq(13.7$\pm$3.5g NaCl)였다. 주요 음식의 1회 순섭취량에 대한 Sodium섭취는 국종류에서 가장 많았으며 1일 섭취하는 식사의 Sodium분포는 밥에서 6.9%, 국 35.7%, 반찬류 49.4%, 식탁에서 사용하는 조미료로서 5.1%, 간식에서 2.9%이었다. 당질섭취와 Sodium섭취, 단백질 섭취와 Sodium섭취 사이에는 강한 양의 상관을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 1987

수온변화에 따른 심맥관계 및 신장기능의 변화와 생체실험을 통한 온도에 의한 adrenoceptor의 변형을 알아보기 위해, 무마취 자라에서 $18^{\circ}C$에서 $25^{\circ}C$로 수온을 증가시 나타나는 혈압, 심박동수 및 신장기능의 변화를 관찰하고, epinephrine 1 ug/kg과 10 ug/kg을 상이한 온도에 노출된 자라의 정맥내 투여하여 나타나는 효과를 비교하였다. 1) $18^{\circ}C$에서 $25^{\circ}C$로 수온을 증가시킴에 따라 심박동수는 현저히 증가하여 일정하게 유지되었으나, 혈압 및 혈장 renin 활성도는 변화하지 않았다. 온도증가에 의해 뇨량, 사구체여과율 및 전해질 배설량의 현저한 증가를 보였으나 90분부터는 서서히 감소하기 시작하였다. 2) 수온 $18^{\circ}C$에 노출된 자라에서 epinephrine은 dose-dependent한 양상으로 혈압 및 심박동수를 증가시켰으며, 다량의 epinephrine 투여시 작용시간은 현저히 연장되어 있었다. $25^{\circ}C$에 노출된 자라에서는 epinephrine에 의한 혈압상승 효과 및 심박동수 증가는 나타났으나, dose dependency나 작용시간의 차이는 발견할 수 없었다. 3) 동량의 epinephrine에 의한 혈압 및 심박동수의 증가효과는 $18^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$에 노출된 자라에서 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었으나, $18^{\circ}C$에 노출된 자라에서 epinephrine의 작용시간 및 반감기가 현저히 연장되어 있었다. 4) Epinephrine 투여에 의해 뇨량, 사구체여과율 및 전해질 배설량의 증가를 관찰하였으며, 이는 dose-dependent 양상이었다. 그러나, 신장효과의 유의한 차이는 상이한 온도에 노출된 두 군에서 발견할 수 없었다. 이상의 결과로, 온도증가에 의한 이뇨 및 sodium 배설효과는 혈관이완에 의한 사구체여과율의 증가에 기인한 것으로 사료되며, 상이한 온도에 노출된 자라에서 epinephrine 효과의 차이를 발견할 수 없었던 것은 본 실험에서 가한 좁은 범위의 온도의 변화 내에서는 adrenoceptor의 변형이 나타나지 않을 것이라고 추론하였다. 그러나 저온에서의 epinephrine의 작용시간의 연장은 아마도 epinephrine의 파괴 효소의 활성도의 감소인 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2000

Effects of sublethal dose of imidacloprid on biological characteristics, such as longevity, fecundity and excretions from brown planthopper (BPH) and its repellency to imidacloprid were examined. Topical application of imidacloprid to BPH at the dose of $LD_{10}$ and $LD_{30}$ (These values were determined at 48 hours after topical application of imidacloprid) was remarkably increased the mortality from 3 days after application and showed over 90% mortality on 4 days after application. Topical application of imidacloprid at dose of $LD_{10}$ (16 days) showed no difference compared to the control (16.9 days) in the longevity, while application of $LD_{30}$ was reduced the longevity of BPH to 13.5 days. Application of sublethal dose of imidacloprid to BPH adults reduced the number of eggs laid per day and for adult stage, and the hatchability of their eggs. By root zone application at the dose of $LC_{30}$, 50% longevity and 40% fecundity was reduced respectively, but showed no effect on number of eggs laid per day. The day on which BPH laid 50 % of eggs in number were 7.6 days at the $LC_{10}$ and 5.9 days the of $LC_{30}$ respectively. Hatchabilities of the groups treated with imidacloprid were lower than that of the control. Topical application to BPH at the dose of $LD_{10}$ did not reduce the amount of excretes, but application at the dose of $LD_{30}$ was reduced 26.5% of excretion compared to the control. Leaf dipping into the solution of concentration of $LC_{10}$ and $LC_{30}$ was reduced 96.4% and 98.0% of excretion, respectively. And root zone treatment at the concentration of $LC_{10}$ and $LC_{30}$ reduced 79.5% and 96.6% of excretion, respectively. Repellency rates of BPH to imidacloprid were 20% regardless of the dose of application.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2006

Earthworms(Eisenia fetida) were fed with paper mill sludge produced from P&G or Yuhan Kimberly paper manufacturing factory, or cow dung manure. Turnover rate of feed into earthworm biomass and excreting rate on each feed were investigated on dry weight base. Biomass of earthworm population was increased on paper mill sludge, but it was fallen to death on cow dung manure, which had high electrical conductivity and low redox potential. When P&G paper mill sludge was supplied to adult, elder juvenile or younger juvenile for 84 days, turnover rate of feed into earthworm biomass was 0.48, 0.40 and 0.76%, respectively, and on Yuhan Kimberly paper mill sludge 0.26, 0.45, 0.42%. When P&G paper mill sludge was supplied to adult, elder juvenile or younger juvenile, excreting rate was 49.02, 54.32 and 55.39%, respectively and on Yuhan Kimberly paper mill sludge 32.22, 41.86, 40.69%, and on cow dung manure, 73.73, 57.89. 76.38%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.471-477
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• 1992

This study was conducted to determine the effect of seaweed ingestion on Na, Ca and K balances in healthy male subjects and to elucidate possible hypolipidemic mechanisms. Six subjects were given a nutritionally controlled diet based on their usual intake for 5-days followed by 5 days in which seaweed was added to the basal diet. Based on the results of the study, the relation between the levels of intake and excretions in stool, urine and serum concentrations was analyzed. In this study, the ingested sodium and potassium were mostly excreted in urine. The highest the rate of urinary excretion to intake for K at 64%, followed by 56% for Na, Conversely, Ca was excreted in stool at higher rates. Analysis of the relation between the intake and excretion in stool revealed that Na and K showed a positive relation with statistical significance. There was no statistically significant relation between the intake and serum concentration of any these minerals. The levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride were remarkably reduced (p<0.05) by seaweed intake. Thus, the results suggest a beneficial effect of seaweed on Na, Ca, K metabolic control and hypolipidemic mechanism of the healthy male subjects.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1990

The disposition of Brazilin including plasma concentration-time profiles, excretions via urine and bile, and plasma protein binding was investigated after intravenous or oral administration of radio labeled Brazilin ($^3H-Brazilin$) to male Wistar rats. The main pharmac:okinetic parameters were as follows; $t\;_{ 1/2}$, 13.71 hr; AUC, $53.38\;\mu\textrm{g}{\cdot}hr/ml$; AUMC, $1013.4I\;\mu\textrm{g}{\cdot}hr^2/ml$, MRT, 18.95 hr; Vss, 17778 mllkg and CL, 936.77 ml/hr.kg. The 2nd peak was found in the plasma concentration-time profiles indicating potential enterohepatic circulation. The enterohepatic circulation was supported by the bile excretion. After oral administration, about 64.4 % of administered radioactivity was excreted into the bile within 10 hours and its excretion rate reached maximum at 3 hours after administration. The Vss was extremely high, 17.8 l/kg indicating distribution of brazilin in most organs (tissues) with high concentration of brazilin in some organs. Brazilin was distributed into most of organs (spleen, adrenal, pancreas, kidney, thymus, lung, heart, liver, prostate, epididymus, testis, fat, muscle and done) except brain. High concentration of Brazilin was detected especially in liver, kidney, epididymus and testis. Approximately, 62.9% and 44.1% of the dose was excreted for intravenous and oral administration, respectively. About 80% of the dose eventually excreted into urine was excreted within 24 hr after dosing. Plasma protein binding of brazilin resulted in $40\;{\pm}\;4%$ by ultrafiltration method.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 1993

Orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.) hays, which had been harvested in different seasons and grown with different levels of potassium (K)fertilizer, were fed to foats in metabolic cages in order to know the effect forage mineral content on mineral balance of goats. The K contents of the feed were 3.4, 4.9 and 5.8% and magnesium (Mg) contents were 0.26, 0.21 and 0.21% on a det matter(DM) basis in K-low, K0medium and K-high treatments, respectively. Urinary K excretion was significantly more on K-high than on K-low treatment. Faecal and urinary Mg excrerions on K-low were higher than those on K-medium and K-high feeds. And there was a tendency of positive relation between urinary Mg excretion and serum Mg concentrarion. Goats on K-high treatment seemed to drink more water and excrete more urine than those on the other feeds.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.688-697
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• 2010

We investigated the cholesterol-lowering and body-weight loss effects of Cheonggukjang fermented using Bacillus subtilis DJI in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Weight-matched male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of four groups: a normal diet group (N), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with DJI Cheonggukjang group (HFC-SCK), and a high-fat/high-cholesterol with commercial Cheonggukjang group (HFC-CCK). All of body weight and liver and adipose tissue weights increased in animals fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, but decreased significantly in rats fed Cheonggukjang powder, compared with the HFC group. Food intake was lower in the HFC group than in the N group, and that of the HFC-CCK group was the lowest among the four groups. Serum total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the Cheonggukjang-powder fed groups than the other groups. Serum phospholipid and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in HFC animals and were markedly increased upon feeding of a Cheonggukjang-containing-diet. Levels of serum LDL-cholesterol, the atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factor assessment indications tended to be decreased in Cheonggukjang powder-fed groups, compared with the HFC group. The total cholesterol level in liver tissue was increased by feeding of a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, and was significantly reduced when Cheonggukjang powder was present in the diet. The levels of total lipids and triglycerides in adipose tissues were lower in the HFC-SCK group than in the HFC group, whereas no significant differences were evidence when the HFC and the HFC-CCK groups were compared. Fecal weight, moisture level, and total lipid content increased in animals fed Cheonggukjang powder. The activities of HR-LPL and TE-LPL in adipose tissues were increased in the HFC group compared with the Cheonggukjang powder-fed groups. These results indicate that dietary Cheonggukjang may improve lipid metabolism and prevent obesity and hyperlipidemia.