• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.411-415
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was performed to determine the developmental expression pattern of nerve growth factor(NGF) in the urine of healthy children. It was hypothesized that NGF may contribute to the development of the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex that represents the adult micturition pattern. Methods : Voided urine was collected in 60 healthy children during the first 5 years of life(0-1 month, n=10; 1 month-1 year, n=10; 2 years, n=10; 3 years, n=10; 4 years, n=10). The urinary NGF was analyzed by using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results were normalized based on creatinine or total protein in urine. Results : NGF was significantly greater among neonates compared to other age groups(P<0.05). NGF levels declined during 1 month to 1 year and increased by age 2 years. NGF levels at age 3 years were less than in neonates examined. When comparing the NGF levels according to continence in children over 1 year old, NGF levels were significantly lower in children with continence than in children with incontinence(P<0.05). Conclusion : These data suggest that NGF is involved in the achievement of continence and in mechanisms of bladder nerve growth and in the reorganization of bladder reflex pathway.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this case reports is to report the possibility of Post-CVA voiding dysfunction treated with Gamidaejihwang-tangaggam(加味大地黃湯加減). Methods : Three patients with Post-CVA voiding dysfunction were treated by Gamidaejihwang-tanggagam. Effect of treatment is assessed as Bladder Function Parity. Results and conclusions : Bladder function parity score improved, in three case. Additional research is needed on the effects of Gamidaejihwang-tanggagam for a Post-CVA Voiding disfunction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.1290-1293
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• 2017

유아와 더 나아가 치매 노인, 하반신 마비 장애인 등 성인도 사용할 수 있는 배뇨 모니터링 시스템이다. 기저귀 브랜드와 유아용, 성인용을 구분하지 않는 부착 범위를 가지고 있다. 아두이노를 통해 착용자의 상태를 센싱하여 블루투스로 전송 후 안드로이드를 통해 착용자의 상태를 확인 하고 케어 하는 환경을 제공한다. 잦은 소변확인으로 느낄 수 있는 착용자의 수치심, 불편함을 디바이스를 통해 개선하는 동시에 보호자의 시간을 절약해주고 보장해준다.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

Objectives: This study reports the effects of HongYi (Formica yessensis) pharmacopuncture on the women voiding dysfunction patients. Methods: The women patients who complain of voiding dysfunction were treated with HongYi pharmacopuncture for ten times. We measured the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) for five times and analyzed. Results: After treatment with HongYi pharmacopuncture for ten times, the IPSS was improved in all of the patients. Complaints of voiding dysfunction was reduced and other symptoms also improved. Conclusions: HongYi pharmacopuncture is effective on women patients complaining of urinary disturbance.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.107-113
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• 2009

Object : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oriental medicine therapy on a renal atrophy Patient. Methods : The patient was hospitalized from July 31. 2009 to Aug 27. 2009. Patient was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxa therapy. Result & Conclusion : After the treatment, the symptoms and IPSS, DITI results improved. From These results suggest that oriental medicine is an effective treatment for renal atrophy Patient. But more clinical case reports are needed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2016

Objective: This study reports on the effects of HongYi (red ant, or Formica rufa Linne) pharmacopuncture through three cases involving female patients with voiding difficulty.Method: We treated the three patients with HongYi pharmacopuncture and evaluated them using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), which is used for measuring the severity of voiding difficulty.Result: After treatment, the IPSS showed improvement in each patient. The symptoms of voiding difficulty and other complaints also improved.Conclusion: Based on the three cases, HongYi pharmacopuncture may be a viable option for treating voiding difficulty among women.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2014

Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with impairments in frontal inhibitory function and the catecholaminergic system. ADHD is diagnosed in 3-5% of children. Children with ADHD seem develop various forms of urinary problems such as nocturnal enuresis, dysfunctional voiding, and diurnal incontinence. However, no data exist to confirm the presence of these problems in Korean children with ADHD. We investigated the clinical findings of voiding dysfunction in children with ADHD. Methods: Between October 2009 and March 2011, a total of 63 children (33 with ADHD, 30 with an upper respiratory infection, as a control group) were enrolled. ADHD was diagnosed using the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)-IV criteria. A comprehensive survey of voiding and defecation was administered. Results: The patient group included 28 boys and 5 girls; the control group comprised 20 boys and 10 girls. The mean age was $9.09{\pm}2.8$ years in the ADHD group and $8.58{\pm}3.1$ years in the control group. Children with ADHD had a statistically significantly higher incidence of urgency (P =0.017), urge incontinence (P =0.033), and constipation (P =0.045). There was no significant difference in the incidence of straining, intermittency, holding maneuvers, or nocturnal enuresis. Conclusion: Children with ADHD in Korea have significantly higher rates of urgency, urge incontinence, and constipation than those without ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.679-689
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• 2013

Purpose: This prospective study was designed to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI), voided volume, post void residual volume (PVRV), daytime frequency and nocturia in women over 40 years. Methods: The sample comprised of 302 women over 40 years.The study lasted from February 2008 to November 2009. Data about daytime frequency and nocturia were gathered from 48 hour bladder diary. Further, a PVRV was assessed through a bladder ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using the t-test, Mann Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test and multiple regression. Results: Although the prevalence of UI among the women was as high as 70.5%, the perception rate of UI was as low as 10.8%.Single voided volume of women without or with UI was 223 mL or 198 mL (p<.001), respectively; PVRV, 25.8 mL or 23.6 mL (p=.055); daytime frequency, 5.89 or 6.96 (p<.001); nocturia, 0.99 or 1.23 (p=.040). Age (${\beta}$=0.19, p=.001), single voided volume (${\beta}$=-0.16, p=.006), and nocturia (${\beta}$=0.12, p=.034) were associated with UI. Conclusion: The prevalence of UI was found to be 70.5% among the participants. The assessment of single urinary volume and nocturia through a bladder diary lends support to identifying UI for women over 40 years.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.101-113
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture at ciliao(BL32) on voiding pattern and uroflowmetry of patients with functional voiding disease. Methods Subjects were voluntarily recruited by newspaper·s and internet. All the subjects were confirmed as International Prostatism Symptom Score(IPSS), uroflowmetry, voiding diary, symptom. The acupuncture therapy was performed 3 times a week for 3 weeks by oriental medical doctor at hospital. Acupuncture points were BL32. The patient's symptoms were assessed before and after 3 weeks treatments by IPSS. Uroflowmetry for 5minutes and voiding diary for 48 hours was measured before and after 3 weeks treatments. Results : The results were as follows; 1. After 3 weeks compared to the pre-treatment, IPSS(QOL) scores were significantly unproved. 2. After 3 weeks compared to the pre-treatment, mean voiding volume, min voiding volume and mean voiding time on voiding daiary was significantly improved. 3. After 3 weeks compared to the pre-treatment, max flow velocity and mean flow velocity on uroflowmetry in spite of increase of voiding volume show a statistically significant difference. 4. Acupunctue had hardly some side effect compared to operation and medicines and was economical. Conclusion : This study suggests that acupuncture treatments can be applicable to improve symptoms in the patients with functional voiding disease. Further study on the acupuncture and other acupoints in the patients with functional voiding disease is recommended.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.295-298
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• 2010

A five-year-old, castrated male, Pung-san dog was referred to Konkuk University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with trauma and persistent hemorrhage in the inguinal region. The dog had a history of being wounded by a wild boar at 5 days prior to presentation. Rupture of the membranous urethra and urethrocutaneous fistula were demonstrated by the retrograde positive contrast urethrography. A urinary catheter was placed to identify the urethra and urethrocutaneous fistula. The necrotic tissues and damaged tissues by urine leakage around urethrocutaneous fistula were debrided. An urethral anastomosis over an indwelling catheter was performed. The dog maintained normal urination without other complications including dysuria and hematouria at the follow-up evaluation after 1 month postoperatively. A retrograde urethrogram repeated at 2 months after surgery showed no urethral stricture.