• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.30-50
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• 2017

Currently, exhaust gas emitted from thermal power plants and various combustion facilities that consume large amounts of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas contains high concentrations of $CO_2$ and is a major cause of global warming. Conventionally, as a countermeasure against this problem, research and development are being carried out from various fields, and it is considered to be one of the most promising methods for separating and recovering $CO_2$ in the exhaust gas. One of the reasons for the low use of carbon dioxide is oxidized among the carbon compounds and is present in the most stable state. From the viewpoint of $CO_2$ emissions, $CO_2$ immobilization technology, which converts $CO_2$ into chemically useful compounds, is considered to be more important.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 1989

From the on-line mass spectrometric analyese of the exhaust gaseous composition of fermentor and the material balance equations for oxygen and carbon dioxide, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER) were calculate using a personal computer (IBM PC-AT) interfaced to a quadrupole mass spectromter. The calculate OUR and CER were used for the indirect estimation of cell and substrate concentrations during the batch culture of Candida utilis. For the estimation of sustrate concentration, the yield model of Pirt was applied. It was found that the cell and substrate (glucose) concentration could be ssatisfactorily estimataed and the results showed the more accurate estimations of both fermentation state variables when OUR data were used than CER data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.196-205
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• 2016

The exhaust gas discharged by cars not only threatens the health of the human body, but also contributes to global warming, due to the resulting increase in the concentrations of ozone, fine dust and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the government has steadily implemented careful inspection systems for exhaust emissions, in order to efficiently regulate the exhaust gas of cars. Studies on reducing the exhaust emissions of automobiles have been conducted in various fields, including ones designed to reduce the generation of HC, NOx, and $CO_2$ in the exhaust emission of vehicles. However, there have been insufficient studies on the reduction of the exhaust emission for old diesel vehicles. To develop careful inspection systems for the exhaust emissions of old diesel vehicles, studies on the reduction of the exhaust emissions and improvement of power are necessary by cleaning the carbon sediment in both the intake manifold and injector. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed and compared the amounts of gas emitted when simultaneously cleaning or not cleaning the intake manifold and injector of diesel automobiles with mileages over 80,000 km and operating periods over 5 years. The experimental results showed that in the case where the intake manifold and injector were simultaneously cleaned, there was a decline of 75.2% in the gas emission compared to the cases where only the manifold or injector is cleaned. Also, it was found that simultaneously cleansing the intake manifold and injector enabled the exhaust standard to be satisfied for less than 30% within 8.5 sec.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2000

최근 자동차 배기 가스 유출에 의한 환경문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있고, 이에 따라 그 중 NOx, SOx 등의 유해가스 검출을 위한 센서 개발이 강력히 요구되고 있다. 본 실험은 자동차에서 배출되는 NO 가스에 대한 민감한 센서 제작을 목적으로 In2O3 박막을 성장시켜 그 특성을 측정하였고, NO 가스에 대한 민감도를 증가시키기 위해 7 ~32 정도의 초박막 Co 촉매를 증착하여 NO 감도에 미치는 현상을 조사하였다. In2O3 2˝ target(순도 99.99%)을 사용하여 RF power와 Ar/O2의 비를 변화시켜가면서 상온에서 알루미나 기판위에 In2O3 박막 성장시켰다. 박막을 성장시킨 후 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 5$0^{\circ}C$까지 온도를 변화시키면서 공기 중에서 열처리를 하였다. In2O3 박막의 결정성은 XRD를 이용하여 측정하였고 표면 특성을 알아보기 위해 AFM과 SEM 측정을 하였다. XRD 분석결과 상온에서부터 50$0^{\circ}C$까지 회절 peck의 강도차이는 있었지만 모든 시편에서 In2O3 박막이 cubic 구조로 성장함을 알 수 있었다. 100ppm 농도 NO 가스에 대한 센서 소자의 감도를 20$0^{\circ}C$~40$0^{\circ}C$ 온도 영역에서 측정하였다. 순수한 In2O3 의 경우 감도(S=Ra/Rg)는 25$0^{\circ}C$에서 S 6 정도로 가장 좋았다. 반면에 Co 촉매를 표면에 흡착시킨 경우 20$0^{\circ}C$~25$0^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 반응속도가 매우 빨라지고, 150 정도 Co를 흡착시킨 센서의 경우 S 14 로 감도가 매우 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.5-8
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• 2005

In this report the developing trends of several clean and green propellants have been summarized. A low-acid clean propellant has been developed, which substantially reduced the content of hydrochloric acid(HCl) in the solid rocket exhaust. Although the chlorine-free approach is now preferred, this technology has not been proved yet. Another acid suppression effect of Magnalium(Mg-Al Alloy) was investigated. Reports says that the concentration of HCl could be reduced to approximately one-fifth of conventional propellant. Many 'green' propellants with low toxicity are being developed for next-generation post-boost propulsion systems, in which combustion research on the Al or Mg fine metal particles with hot steam in various stoichiometric conditions are being performed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.317-324
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• 2020

Combined cycle power plants (CCPP) that use natural gas as fuel are easier to start and stop, and have lower pollutant emissions, so their share of domestic power generation facilities is steadily increasing. However, CCPP have a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emission in the initial start-up and low-load operation region, which causes yellow plume and civil complaints. As a control technology, the yellow plume reduction system was developed and operated from the mid-2000s. However, this technology was unable to control the phenomenon due to insufficient preheating of the vaporization system for 10 to 20 minutes of the initial start-up. In this study, CFD analysis and demonstration tests were performed to derive a control technology by injecting a reducing agent directly into the gas turbine exhaust duct. CFD analysis was performed by classifying into 5 cases according to the exhaust gas condition. The RMS values of all cases were less than 15%, showing a good mixing. Based on this, the installation and testing of the demonstration facilities facilitated complete control of the yellow plume phenomenon in the initial start-up.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2015

In this work, the performance of various promoters was investigated used in $CO_2$ separation from the gases emitted from steel-making process using gas hydrate technology. The studied promoters are tetrahydrofuran (THF), propylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane, which are all expected to form a structure II hydrate, and the target gases include $CO_2/N_2$ mixed gases ($CO_2/N_2$ = 20/80 and 40/60) and Blast Furnace Gas (BFG). The phase equilibrium points were measured when each promoter was added with various concentrations. For fast acquisition of abundant data, the "continuous" Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method was employed. In addition, the crystal structure of each gas hydrate was analyzed by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD).

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.172-175
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• 2008

In the last five years, 45 people died and 104 were wounded because of carbon monoxide poisoning accident. CO poisoning accident is higher than any other gas accident in the rate of deaths/incidents. Most of these CO poisoning accidents were caused by defective exhaust tube in the old gas boiler and multi-use facility. In this study, the spread of CO gas released from leakage hole of exhaust tube was analyzed by computational flow modeling and concentration measuring test. CO gas leaked form exhaust tube in a building was highest concentrated near the ceiling and formed the circular currents along the walls. Through these experiments and simulation, the reasonable installation location of CO alarm was made certain and suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.66.1-66.1
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• 2018

최근 자동차 배기가스 규제 및 전기자동차, 무인항공기 개발 등의 경량 소재에 대한 필요성이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 마그네슘 및 마그네슘 합금은 구조용 금속 소재 중 가장 밀도가 낮은 금속으로서 자동차, 항공, 기계 부품류 및 주방용품이나 전자제품 케이스류 등 다양한 산업분야에서 활용성이 크게 증가하고 있다. 하지만 마그네슘 합금은 화학적 반응성이 매우 크고 표면에 존재하는 피막의 치밀성과 화학적 안정성이 낮아서 쉽게 부식되는 단점이 있다. 따라서 내식성 향상을 위한 표면처리 기술 개발에 대한 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 양극 산화법은 금속표면에 양극 전류를 인가하여 산화피막을 인위적으로 형성시켜줌으로써 내식성을 향상시켜 주는 방법으로서 산업적으로 널리 사용되고 있는 표면처리 방법 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 주석산나트륨의 농도에 따른 AZ31 마그네슘 합금의 양극 산화 피막 형성 거동을 연구하였다. DC 전류를 인가하여 양극산화 피막을 형성하였으며, 피막형성 전압 및 형성된 피막의 두께, 표면 거칠기 및 피막의 구조 등을 분석하여 주석산나트륨 농도에 따른 양극산화 피막의 형성 특성에 대하여 자세하게 고찰하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.749-755
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• 2011

The performance and emission characteristics of a CNG (compressed natural gas) engine were experimentally investigated under different natural gas compositions. The engine specifications were as follows: 6606 cc, turbo, lean-burn-type; its ignition timing was fixed for the fuel gas with a HHV (higher heating value) of 10454 kcal/$Nm^3$. The experimental results showed that when the HHV of the fuel gas was changed from 10454 kcal/$Nm^3$ to 9811 kcal/$Nm^3$ and 9523 kcal/$Nm^3$, the average power reductions were 3.2 % and 3.4 % (1.5 % and 2.1 %, respectively, with A/F control switched off), respectively, and the average thermal-efficiency reductions were 1.1 % and 1.5 % (1.5 % and 2.1%, respectively, with A/F control switched off), respectively. The emissions of $CO_2$, CO, and $NO_x$ decreased as the HHV of the fuel gas was lowered. On the other hand, the emissions of THC (total hydrocarbon) were not consistent, and the extent of change in their emissions was small.