• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1123-1129
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• 2006

Pyrene of natural and anthropogenic sources is one of the toxic, mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed as priority pollutants. The objectives of this research are to break down pyrene by using ozonation, identify the intermediates and byproducts of pyrene, and test the biodegradability of intermediates and byproducts of pyrene in the aqueous phase. Since pyrene is non-polar, hexane was chosen as a solvent to effectively dissolve pyrene. Pyrene solutions were treated with ozone, as it has high oxidation capacity and electrophilic characteristic. After different ozonation pretreatment times (2, 3, and 10 minutes), intermediates of pyrene in the form of yellowish solid were collected from the hexane solution using a centrifuge. They were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). $BOD_5$, COD, and E-coli toxicity tests have been performed to assess the ozonation products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

Humic substances(HS) from raw and process waters at a conventional water treatment plant were isolated and extracted by physicochemical fractionation methods to investigate their characteristics. They are characterized for their functionality, chemical composition, and spectroscopic characteristics using FT-IR(Fourier transform infrared) and $^1H-NMR$(proton nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. Humic fraction gradually decreased from 47.2% to 26.4%(from 0.97 to 0.54 mgC/L) through conventional water treatment processes. Concentration of phenolic groups in the HS fraction gradually decreased from 60.5% to 21.8%(from 12.2 to $6.0\;{\mu}M/L$ as phenolic-OH) through water treatment. In the case of carboxylic groups, the concentration increased from 39.5% to 46.9%(from 7.9 to $10.6\;{\mu}M/L$ as COOH) by pre-chlorination, but gradually decreased to 34.2%($9.4\;{\mu}M/L$ as COOH) through sedimentation and sand filtration. From the results of the FT-IR and $^1H-NMR$ spectra of HS, the content of carboxylic groups increased and ratio of aliphatic protons to aromatic protons($P_{Al}/P_{Ar}$) also increased through water treatment, which indicated the increase of aliphatic compounds.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.86-95
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• 2006

This study was carried out to estimate leaching characteristics of incineration residues from municipal solid waste incinerators, and determine organic compounds in raw ash, leaching water and leaching residue. A total of 44 organic compounds, which were analyzed by GC/MSD and identified by wiley library search, were contained in bottom ashes. A total of 17 organic compounds were contained in fly ashes. Bottom ash and fly ash were found to contain a wide range of organic compounds such as aliphatic compounds and aromatic compounds. Organic compounds such as Ethenylbenzene, Benzaldehyde, 1-Phenyl-Ethanone and 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester were detected in raw ash, leaching water and residues (from bottom ash). Organic compounds such as Naphthalene, Dodecane, 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene, Tetradecane, Hexadecane and Pentachlorobenzene were detected in raw ash, leaching water and residues (from fly ash). Through the leaching characteristics of incineration residue, it was represented that the open dumping of incineration residue can contaminate the soil and undergroundwater. In order to prevent environmental contamination that derived from extremely toxic substances in the incineration residues, it is particularly important that the incineration residues should be treated before disposal the incineration residues. Further study and proper management about leaching characteristics of organic compounds might be required.

• Clean Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2002

The biodegradable Properties of various polyester resins with different chemical structures have been studied by applying the controlled compost test and soil burial test. Celluose was taken as a fully biodegradable reference resin while PVC and PE were empolyed as non-biodegradable reference chains or ester group were rather easily degraded by hydrolase, meanwhile copolymer type polyesters which contain aromatic rings showed relatively low biodegradability. According to the results from controlled compost test, cellulose(the positive reference) showed 70.6% degradation after 45 days, whereas synthetic poly(butylene adipate-co-succinate), poly(butylene succinate), poly(butylene adipate-co-succinate-co-terephthalate) showed 44.0%, 32.0% and 23.4% degradation respectively. In this regard, it was concluded that biodegradable properties of polymers are largely dependant on the chemical structures constituting the polymers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the distributive property of organic pollutants in effluents of argo/industrial wastewater treatment plants in Jeonnam using simultaneous analysis method of 310 chemicals. The numerous organic pollutants were detected in four sampling sites and the major chemicals were pesticides, CH type chemicals such as polycyclic compounds, CHO type chemicals such as phthalates, and CHO(N) type chemical such as aromatic amines. Moreover, 17 kinds of endocrine disrupters which include diethylptbalate were detected in each sampling sites. TU (Toxic unit) indicated cytotoxicity of samples using XTT assay, it appeared highly at A point(27.2) and D point(24.4). Also, the results from the correlation between total concentration of pollutants and TU did not correspond to the results of chemical and biological analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.163-175
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• 2011

Though polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in marine sediment has been produced by many colleges and institution in Korea, it is difficult to compare PAHs data in a study area with those in other areas due to the lack of confidence for the quality of data from the other organization. Therefore, we suggested the protocol for PAHs analysis in marine sediment through examining the method of PAHs analysis described in over twenty scientific papers and reports. When a known amount of 23 PAHs were spiked into a sediment and anlyzed following this new protocol, very good recoveries were obtained. In addition, for college and institution with their own method to analyze PAHs can keep producing PAHs data without exchanging to this new PAHs protocol, the method to get a full confidence through the QA/QC for the PAHs data produced by these organization is included to the protocol.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2002

The composition of trace materials in domestic circulated LPG are determined. The sampling points are two cylinders of LPG cylinder re-inspection center, six vaporizer of LPG-supplying group facilities, and the compressed oil from one LPG station. In the trace materials from cylinder of LPG cylinder-reinspection center, alkene and diene derivative (No. of carbon ${\leq}9),$ aromatic compounds, and tarry chemicals(No. of carbon ${\geq}10)$ are 1.5~39.9%, 0.7%, 57.8~96.0%, respectively. While in the trace materials from LPG-supplying group facilities and in the oil from LPG station, tarry chemicals(No. of carbon>10) exceed 96.6%. Nine samples are classified into three clusters. One cluster is the sample of SE company cylinder-reinspection center(Euclidian distance between S company LPG cylinder-reinspection center and SE company cylinder-reinspection center=2.11), the other is the sample of SE company LPG cylinder-reinspection center(Euclidian distance between from samples of LPG-supplying group facilities including compressed oil from LPG station=0.110) the third is the samples of LPG-supplying group facilities(Euclidian distances among them<0.075). The compositions of samples from LPG-supplying group facilities are similar to those of oil from LPG station. Furthermore densities of samples from LPG-supplying group facilities and compressed oil in LPG station are 0.873, 0.873 [0.00798 (99% confidence limits) respectively. It was presumed that tarry chemicals had been leached from the compressed oil of LPG supplying facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.14-18
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• 2001

현대의 우리들의 생활환경 중에는 약 10만 종류 이상의 아주 많은 화학물질이 존재하고 있으며 매년 약 1000종류의 새로운 화합물이 상품화되고 있다고 알려져 있다. 이들 중 일부는 우리의 일상생활에 편리한 기능을 가져다 주는 역할을 하고 있으나 최근 생태계 및 인체에 유해한 영향을 미치는 물질로 판명되는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 그들 중에는, 성호르몬과 유사한 구조를 가지기 때문에 호르몬 수용체에 잘못 결합하여 호르몬 활성을 異常히 높이는 등의 영향을 미치는 것이 알려져 있으며, 또, 약물대사 효소의 유도나 효소활성의 저해 등에 의한 물질대사의 교란, 면역계통의 저해, 발암작용 등의 영향에도 미치는 것이 알려져 있다. 이러한 일군의 물질은 내분비계 장애물질(Endocrine disruptors; 환경 호르몬)로 불리며, 최근의 여성에 있어서 유방암의 발생율의 상승이나 남성의 정자수의 감소, 혹은 어떤 종의 야생 생물에 있어서 생식기능 장해(악어 수컷 생식기의 퇴화, 수컷 잉어등의 암컷화, 일부 권패류의 임포섹스 등)는 이러한 내분비계 장애물질에 의하여 유발되고 있다고 하는 가능성이 지적되고 있다. 그렇지만, 이러한 내분비계 장애물질의 환경 중에서의 분포나 다양한 생물에의 영향에 관한 연구는 세계적으로도 아직 부족하고 내분비계 장애물질의 실태나 그 메카니즘 및 그것이 가지는 의미에 대하여는 아직 명확하게 규명되어 있지 않고 있어, 그것에 의한 생체영향의 평가를 총합적으로 검토하기까지에는 이르지 않고 있다. 이러한 물질에 관한 연구는 최근 선진국을 중심으로 활발한 연구가 수행되고 있으나, 우리 나라에 있어서의 연구는 지금까지는 아직 미미한 수준에 머물고 있다. 따라서, 이러한 내분비계 장애물질을 빠른 시기에 발견하여 그것들에 의한 영향을 평가하고, 그 영향을 미연에 방지하는 데에 필요한 대책을 강구하기 위한 많은 연구가 필요 불가결하다. 본고에서는 이러한 환경호르몬 물질 중 본 연구실에서 수행한 내용을 중심으로 유해화학물질 오염 및 대책에 대하여 간단히 발표하고자 한다. 발표내용은, 남해안을 중심으로 조사한 유기주석화합물 오염, 광양만에서의 PAHs(다환방향족탄화수소류) 및 Bisphenol A 오염에 관한 연구결과와 이러한 유해화학물질 오염을 평가하고 관리하는 하나의 유용한 방법으로서 위해성 평가에 대하여 실례를 중심으로 간단히 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.214-215
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• 2000

1960년대 이래로 산업과 교통수단의 발달은 지역적 환경 오염을 야기시켰지만, 대량의 화석연료 및 합성화학물질의 사용은 대기와 물을 매개로 전지구적 규모의 오염형태로 진행되어 가고 있다(Simonich and Mites, 1995). 이러한 추세와 함께 환경 중 존재하는 다이옥신을 비롯한 내분비계장애물질의 오염은 극미량 존재하에도 강한 독성을 나타내므로 생태계에 끼치는 영향은 큰 것으로 보고되고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.19-31
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• 1993

디젤자동차는 가솔린 자동차에 비하여 연료소비효율(fuel economy)이 20-30% 정도 높고 고출력을 낼수 있어 이의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 본 고에서는 디젤자동차에서 배출되는 수많은 화학물질중에서 문제가 되고 있는 입자상물질, NOx 및 SO$_{2}$를 제거하는 기술에 대하여 살펴본다. 이러한 오염물질의 저감을 위하여는 배기가스 재순환, 분사시기의 조절, 인터쿨링 같은 연소기술의 개선과 유황분이 적고, 방향족화합물의 함량이 적은 청정연료를 사용하여 어느 수준까지는 목적을 달성할 수 있다. 1. 디젤자동차 배출허용기준. 2. 배기가스 정화기술. 2.1 트랩기술(trap technology). 2.2 재생기술(regeneration technology). 2.3 제어 및 센서기술(control and sensor technology)