• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.308-315
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• 2016

$SiO_x/ZnO$ composites were prepared from sol-gel method for excellent cycle life characteristics. The composites were coated by PVC as a carbon precursor. ZnO removal to create a void space therein was able to buffer the volume change during charge and discharge. To determine the crystal structure and the shape of the synthesized composite, XRD, SEM, TEM analysis was performed. The carbon contents in the composites were confirmed by TGA. The pore structure and pore size distribution of the composite was measured with the BET specific surface area analysis and BJH pore size distribution. Enhanced electric conductivity by carbon addition was determined from powder resistance measurement. Electrochemical properties were measured with the AC impedance and the charge and discharge cycle life characteristics. When carbon was coated on the $SiO_x/ZnO$ sample, the electrical conductivity and the discharge capacity were increased. After removal of ZnO with HCl the surface area of the sample was increased, but the discharge capacity was decreased. $SiO_x/ZnO$ sample without acarbon coating showed very low discharge capacity, and after carbon coating the sample showed high discharge capacity. For cycle life characteristics, $C-SiO_x/ZnO$ composite (Zn : Si : C = 1 : 1 : 8) with a capacity of $815mAh\;g^{-1}$ at 50 cycle and 0.2 C has higher capacity than existing graphite-based anode materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.194.1-194.1
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• 2016

방사성 폐기물의 운반이나 장기 보관 시 방사성 물질의 침출을 차단하기 위한 유리화 기술을 실현하기 위해 이송식 아크 플라즈마에 대해 전산해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 운전전류나 아크길이와 같은 운전조건 변화에 따른 열플라즈마의 특성 변화 뿐만 아니라 150 kW급 고출력 이송식 아크 플라즈마의 최적 설계를 위하여 핵심 부품인 파일럿 노즐의 길이와 직경 변화에 따른 예상 용융영역을 전산해석 하여 방사성 폐기물의 유리화 기술을 상업적으로 이끌어내는데 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 노즐직경은 4, 5, 6 mm로 변화시켰으며, 길이는 2, 4, 6mm로 하였다. 이러한 다양한 설계조건에 대하여 운전변수로는 전류 200 A, 방전 기체인 알곤의 유량 15 L/min, 아크 길이 2 cm로 고정하였다. 전산해석 결과 노즐직경이 작을수록 아크압축 효과에 의해 중심부에서 최고 온도가 높은 열플라즈마 제트를 발생시킬 수 있으나, 반경방향으로 온도구배가 커서 고온 구간이 급격히 감소하는 경향이 예상되었다. 반면 노즐직경이 증가할수록 아크 압축효과는 줄어들지만 반경방향으로 온도가 완만히 감소하여 콘크리트가 대부분인 유리화 대상물질을 충분히 용융시킬 수 있는 $2,600^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온 면적이 넓어지게 될 것으로 예상되었다. 또한, 노즐길이가 줄어들 경우 아크방전의 안정성은 다소 떨어 질 수 있으나 수 있으나 고온의 열플라즈마 제트가 반경방향으로 효과적으로 넓어 질 수 있음이 예측되었다. 따라서 고온 영역의 확장 관점에서 이송식 아크 플라즈마 토치를 제작할 경우 아크의 안정성을 유지하는 범위 내에서 파일럿 노즐의 직경을 크게 하고 길이는 짧게 하는 것이 효과적인 유리화를 위해 유리할 것으로 예상되었다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.217-217
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• 2003

W-Cu 합금은 우수한 전기적, 열적 특성으로 인하여 열소산재료(Heat sink)로 많이 응용되고 있다. 첨단 전자부품 이외에도 핵융합로의 Diverter가 그 예로서, 내부는 고강도와 고융점의 특성을 요구하는 반면, 외부는 높은 열전도성을 필요로 한다. 그래서 동일한 조성의 일반적인 W-Cu 합금보다 W과 Cu의 조성이 점차적으로 변화하는 경사기능재료(Functionally Graded Materials)가 냉각효율이 클 것으로 기대된다. 현재, W-Cu FGM에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 그 조성이 연속적으로 변화하는 W-Cu FGM에 대한 연구는 전무한 실정이다 본 연구에서는 방전플라즈마 소결장치(Spark Plasma Sintering System)와 용침고정을 이용하여 연속적인 조성변화를 갖는 W-Cu FGM을 제조하고 그 특성에 관해 분석하고자 하였다. 소결체가 밀도 변화를 갖게 되도록 제작한 특수 경사기능 몰드에 W분말을 장입한 후, 15㎬의 압력하에서 SPS를 이용하여 W소결체를 제조하였다. 제조된 W소결체는 수평관상로에서 수소분위기 하에 Cu 용침을 실시하여 W-Cu FGM을 제조하였다 SEM을 이용한 각 위치별 조직관찰과 Image Analyzer를 이용한 W과 Cu의 면적비, 그리고 비커스경도계에 의한 경도 측정을 실시하였다. 또 열기계적 분석기를 이용하여 측정된 선팽창률로부터 열팽창계수를 구하였다. 80$0^{\circ}C$에서 ？칭하는 반복적인 싸이클을 통해 열충격시험을 실시하였고, Laser flash method로 열확산계수를 측정하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2214-2216
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• 2005

This paper is researched discharge and ozone generation characteristics of ozonizer using $Al_2O_3$ Ceramic dielectric. The discharge characteristics with variation of the discharge electrode area is studied. The characteristics of ozone concentration. ozone generation and ozone yield were measured to discharge power, discharge electrode area and supplied gas flux for oxygen and air. The solubility of ozone for water concentrations and ozone generations proportional to discharge power and discharge electrode area. Ozone yield has slowly increase with Increasing discharge power at high flow-rate. As the result, the maximum values of ozone characteristics ozone generation and ozone yield, can be obtained 5817[ppm] and 36[g/kWh]. We make enough the ozone concentration as the air in the home. An electric discharge electrode area is apt to shrink gradually into a miniaturization trend of the ozonizer but the enlargement of the occurrence flight of the electric discharge area gives the characteristic enhance the aid in the identity condition through the structure improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2007

In order to investigate the effects of particle size and specific surface area(BET area) of spinel powder, $LiMn_2O_4$ were synthesized using metal oxide precursor by co-precipitation method(CoP) and solid state reaction (SSR) .X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns revealed that the both prepared powder has a well developed spinel structure with Fd3m space group. The $LiMn_2O_4$ prepared by co-precipitation showed spherical morphology with narrow size distribution. However, the $LiMn_2O_4$ prepared by solid state reaction showed relatively smaller particles with irregular shape. The measured BET areas of the powers are $0.8m^2g^{-1}$ (CoP) and $3.6m^2g^{-1}$(SSR). The electrochemical performance of the Prepared $LiMn_2O_4$ powders was evaluated using coin type cells(CR2032) at elevated temperature ($55^{\circ}C$). The $LiMn_2O_4$ prepared by co-precipitation showed the better cycling performance(82.3%capacity retention at $50^{th}$ cycle) than that of the $LiMn_2O_4$(68.3%) prepared by solid state reaction at elevated temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2013

Sterilization of Neurospora crassa has been investigated in this research by using a surface air plasma with dielectric barrier discharged (DBD) structure under atmospheric pressure. The sinusoidal alternating current has been used in this experiment with discharge voltage of 1.4~2.3 kV. The phase difference between the voltage and current signals are found to be almost 80 degree due to the capacitive property of dielectric barrier. Temperature on the biomaterials has been minimized by radiating the heat with the air cooling system. It is noted that the substrate temperature remains under 37 degree for plasma exposure time of 10 minutes with operation of cooler system. It is found that the ozone, $O_3$, has been measured to be about 25~30 ppm within 1 cm region and to be about 5 ppm at the 150 cm downstream region away from the suface plasma. It is also noted that the nitric oxide, NO, and nitric dioxide, $NO_2$, are not nearly detected. Germination rate and mitochodrial activity of Neurospora crassa immersed in the deionized water have been found to be drastically decreased as the plasma treatment time and its electrical power are increased in this experiment. Here, the mitochondrial activity has been analyzed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethy lthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. However, sterilization of Neurospora crassa immersed in the Vogel's minimal media has been found to be low by plasma treatment, which is caused by surrounding background solution. This research shows the sterilization possibility of Neurospora crassa by using the noncontated surface DBD plasma, which is different from the plasma jet. This is mainly attibuted to the reactive species generated by the surface plasma, since they play a major role for inhibition of micobes such as Neurospora crassa.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.181-185
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• 2005

Lithium cobalt oxide thin film cathode, having thickness of $2.9{\mu}m$ with area of $4cm^2$, was deposited on platinum patterned alumina substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Li/Co molar ratio, which is an important factor for battery performance, was measured as a function of argon working pressure and applied R.F. power. Constant current charge and discharge performances were characterized with high rate discharge and cycling behavior. Using AC impedance analysis, internal resistance of the thin film battery was measured and simulated by proposed equivalent circuit model.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1433_1434
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• 2009

AC PDP는 다른 디스플레이들에 비해 높은 소비전력과 낮은 발광효율에 대한 문제를 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 기존의 Stripe shape ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)전극구조에서 Lock shape ITO전극구조를 제안하였다. 이 구조는 long gap을 가진 Square형태의 전극구조에 'ㄱ'형태의 점화전극을 추가한 구조로, 소비전력을 줄이기 위해 전극면적을 줄이고, discharge current를 제어 하였다. 또한 점화전극 구조에 의해 늘어난 gap으로 인한 방전개시전압 상승을 줄 일수 있었다. 실험은 Stripe shape ITO구조와 Lock shape ITO의 전극구조들로 구성되어 있는 Test Panel을 직접 제작하여 방전개시전압, 휘도, 소비전력, 발광효율을 측정하여 그 특성들을 비교하였다. 그 결과 제안된 전극구조에서의 소비전력은 reference 구조에 비해 최대 18% 감소하였고, 발광효율은 최대 13% 상승을 함을 보였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.814-821
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• 1999

The specific capacitance characteristics of the electric double layer capacitors(ELDC) which were made of phenol based activated carbon fiber(ACF) electrodes. Also the effect of aqueous electrolytes on the cell performance has been investigated with respect to different specific surface areas of electrodes and different kinds of aqueous electrolytes. It has been shown that larger surface area and pore size, higher conductivity of electrodes, and higher ion mobility of electrolytes have better specific capacitances. It has been found that heat treatment at $1200^{\circ}C$ and $CO_2$ post-activation at $900^{\circ}C$ of the electrode are effective to improve the specific capacitance over 145F/g and 165F/g, respectively. The EDLC showed high efficiency and long cycle life over 30000 cycles.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.544-550
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• 2013

This work investigated the environmental application of an underwater dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor consisting of a porous hydrophobic ceramic tube to the decolorization of an azo dyeing wastewater. The reactive species generated by the plasma are mostly short-lived, which also need to be transferred to the wastewater right after the formation. Moreover, the gas-liquid interfacial area should be as large as possible to increase the decolorization rate. The arrangement of the present wastewater treatment system capable of immediately dispersing the plasmatic gas as tiny bubbles makes it possible to effectively decolorize the dyeing wastewater alongside consuming less amount of electrical energy. The effect of discharge power, gas flow rate, dissolved anion and initial dye concentration on the decolorization was examined with dry air for the creation of plasma and amaranth as an azo dye. At a gas flow rate of $1.5Lmin^{-1}$, the good contact between the plasmatic gas and the wastewater was achieved, resulting in rapid decolorization. For an initial dye concentration of $40.2{\mu}molL^{-1}$ (volume : 0.8 L; discharge power : 3.37 W), it took about 25 min to attain a decolorization efficiency of above 99%. Besides, the decolorization rate increased with decreasing the initial dye concentration or increasing the discharge power. The presence of chlorine anion appeared to slightly enhance the decolorization rate, whereas the effect of dissolved nitrate anion was negligible.