• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.193-206
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• 2001

The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate characteristics of English vowels uttered by Korean regional dialect speakers. Ten English mono-syllabic words, and eight Korean mono-syllabic words, were uttered six times by nine female graduate students from three areas: Seoul, Yongnam and Honam. Formant frequencies were measured from sound spectrograms made by the PC Quirer. Results showed that Seoul dialect speakers uttered English vowels more similar to those uttered by English native speakers than did the other dialect speakers. In particular, Yongnam dialect speakers have articulatory problems pronouncing the back vowels(/u/, /$\upsilon$/, /c/), while Honam dialect speakers have problems pronouncing the front vowels(/i/. /I/, /$\varepsilon$/, /$\ae$/). Even though each group has different problems pronouncing English vowels, Korean speakers generally have difficulty in discriminating tense vowels(/i/ and /u/) from the lax vowels(/I/ and /$\upsilon$/). It appears that the width of Korean speakers' articulatory movements is comparatively narrower than those of native English speakers.

• MALSORI
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• no.57
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• pp.15-30
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• 2006

This paper investigates differences between generations in the vowel system of the Daegu dialect in terms of F1 and F2 of the monophthongs. Three different groups of subjects participated in the present study: 20 female native speakers of the Daegu dialect(10 in their 20's and 10 in their 40's), and 10 female native speakers of the Seoul dialect as a control group. It has been assumed that the Daegu dialect has six vowels. However, younger generation appears to have 7 vowels different from older generation. The result of the present study showed that the Daegu dialect has different vowel systems between generations: for 40's have six vowels and 20's have seven vowels. These differences seems to be attributed to the influence of the Seoul dialect.

• 중국학논총
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• no.68
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• pp.1-28
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• 2020

本論文的目的在於探討古代漢語變調構詞的音義關係在閩南語詞典《廈新典》的文白異讀當中如何傳承下來。本研究尤其關注古代漢語的變調構詞與《廈新典》文白異讀的音義關係之間擁有緊密聯繫的七個例子, 並把此七例分成兩類, 《廈新典》中的"讀"字, "孫(遜)"字保留了與變調構詞完全一致的音義關係, 此類例子也保留了與現代漢語完全一致的音義關係。《廈新典》中的"塞"字, "取(娶)"字, "厭"字, "喪"字, "勞"字表示與變調構詞緊密的音義對應關係, 但是我們也能發現部分文讀音或者白話音的音義關係中略有出入。從變調構詞的觀點把《廈新典》中文白異讀音義關係的錯誤做了比較, 查到了《廈新典》中有關文讀音音義關係釋義的錯誤有9例, 有關白話音音義關係的錯誤有3例, 前者比後者的錯誤多達4倍。另外, 《廈新典》中義項的錯誤發生次數爲9次, 《臺多音》中義項的錯誤發生次數爲3次。此統計數字反映了與上古漢語有密切關係的白話音層次與中古漢語時期以來屢次持續傳入閩方言層次的差異。我們認為這些錯誤與英國牧師甘爲霖編著《廈新典》的目的應該有密切關係。

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.69
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• pp.163-192
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• 2022

In the early 20th century, Korean Protestant Christians began two forms of prayer, Tongsung Kido and Dawn Prayer. The two prayers have been loved and performed by Korean Protestants for over 100 years. Speaking in tongues was introduced in the 1950s and became one of the most popular prayers along with Tongsung Kido and dawn prayer. Korean Protestant churches started Bible meditation in the 1970s through journals like the Daily Bible of the Scripture Union Korea. Now contemplative prayer appears as an unfamiliar and strange style of prayer, given the history of prayer so far in Korean churches. Protestant scholars and pastors have made this into a controversy; contemplative prayer is the first non-protestant prayer that has become controversial. The controversy is mainly about biblical origin, theological relevance, and historical and traditional conformity. This study asks and answers why this controversy is important for Korean Protestant churches. This study introduces the controversy and explores why one group accepts the prayer and others do not. Then, this study recounts the history of Korean Protestant prayers and shows the meanings of the encounter of Korean Protestant prayers and contemplative prayer. This study argues that Korean Protestant Christians, through the controversy, can learn that Korean Protestant churches have the potential to create a new prayer culture and tradition and need spiritual discipline through silence.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.99-114
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• 2007

This study attempted to acoustically analyze the diphthongs of native Jeju speakers in their 70s, 50s, and 20s to observe their diphthong inventories 96 subjects participated in the recording using a set of picture cards. Results show that Jeju dialect speakers in their 70s distinguish /we/ and $/w{\varepsilon}/$, /yo/ and /yc/, but have difficulty pronouncing /ye/, $/y{\varepsilon}/$, and /iy/ correctly. It is interesting to find that the diphthong inventory of Jeju dialect speakers in their 50s are in transitional stage. They share the diphthong inventories of those people in their 70's containing /we/ and $/w{\varepsilon}/$, and /yo/ and /yc/, but they do not produce them as clearly as the latter age group. The former age group also share the common feature with those people in their 20's because both age groups show the same pronunciation of /iy/. The youngest group seldom pronounce /we/ and $/w{\varepsilon}/$, /yo/ and /yc/ correctly unlike native Jeju speakers in their 70s, but they can easily pronounce the diphthong /iy/ like standard Korean speakers.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2015

Based on three scorpionfish specimens (131.8~163.4 mm SL) collected from the coastal waters of Jeju Island, we described Scorpaenopsis neglecta as the first record from Korea. They were characterized by having 12 dorsal fin spines, lacking of palatal teeth and of black pigment between the first and third dorsal fin spines, wider interorbital region than orbital diameter, no median interorbital ridge, uppermost opercular spine with multicusps, and a broad blackish band distally and numerous various sized black spots on inner side of pectoral fin. We proposed a new Korean name, "Ssol-chi-u-reug" for the species.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.69-87
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• 2006

This study aims to describe the vowel system of present-day American English and to discuss some of its phonetic variations due to regional differences. Fifteen speakers of American English from various regions of the United States produced the monophthongs of English. The vowel duration and the frequencies of the first and the second formant were measured. The results indicate that the distinction between the vowels [c] and [a] has been merged in most parts of the U.S. except in some speakers from eastern and southeastern parts of the U.S., resulting in the general loss of phonemic distinction between the vowels. The phonemic merger of the two vowels can be interpreted as the result of the relatively small functional load of the [c]-[a] contrast, and the smaller back vowel space in comparison to the front vowel space. The study also shows that the F2 frequencies of the high back vowel [u] were extremely high in most of the speakers from the eastern region of the U.S., resulting in the overall reduction of their acoustic space for high vowels. From the viewpoint of the Adaptive Dispersion Theory proposed by Liljencrants & Lindblom (1972) and Lindblom (1986), the high back vowel [u] appeared to have been fronted in order to satisfy the economy of articulatory gesture to some extent without blurring any contrast between [i] and [u] in the high vowel region.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.107-126
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to analyze the tonal structures of Korean conjunctive phrases produced by Daegu dialect speakers and show that there are distinctive intonational patterns between dialogic and reading styles. In the experiment, we examined the pitch contour at the edge of conjunctive phrases including '-ko', $'-(i)my{\partial}n'$, $'-(a){\partial}s{\partial}'$, '-(nin)de', '-do' in the base which is made a coordinate and subordinate conjunctive sentence according to the relation of pre-phrase and post-phrase. The results of this study show that '-ko' has L%, $'-(i)my{\partial}n'$ has LH%, $'-(a){\partial}s{\partial}'$ has HL% and '-(nin)de' has LH%, '-do' has LH% in Daegu Dialect. And the results show the conjunctive sentences were about 20% longer when they produced in a dialogic style than in a reading style. The dialogic style has various durations, the duration of the reading style is slower than the dialogic style by a rate of 20%. This suggests that the dialogic style is more dynamic than the reading style, which may be due to the communicative interaction between speakers and listeners.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 1992

This paper deal with the acoustic cues of Pyoung-An Do dialect using linear prediction. Also, this paper descrbes a statistical comparison between standard tone speech data and Pyoung-An Do dia lects. The analysis done mainly focused on the distribution of formants and pitch periods accord to ac- cents variation. For the purpose of objective comparison, the experiments are performed by extracts for- mant LPC spectrum and pithch periods from average magnitude difference function waveforms. Summing up the results, In disyllable words (VCV pattern) , prepositioned vowels have longer phona lion time than postpositioned vowels and the intrin, iii phonation time is whore longer in the low vowels than in the high ones. The africative consonants show the mixed characteristics of the plosive and frlc ative consonants. The remarkable acoustic cues are the low frequency noise-like waves just before the 1st formants in the plosive consonants, the high frequency noise-like waves in the fricative consonants, and phonation time is not affected by the kinds of prepositioned or postpositioned vowels.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.49-65
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• 2006

Recently, several theories on the digital speech signal processing expanded the communication boundary between human beings and machines drastically. The aim of this study is to collect dialectal speech in Korea on a large scale and to establish a digital speech data base in order to provide the data base for further research on the Korean dialectal and the creation of value-added network. 528 informants across the country participated in this study. Acoustic characteristics of vowels and consonants are analyzed by Power spectrum and Spectrogram of CSL. Test words were made on the picture cards and letter cards which contained each vowel and each consonant in the initial position of words. Plot formants were depicted on a vowel chart and transitions of diphthongs were compared according to dialectal speech. Spectral times, VOT, VD, and TD were measured on a Spectrogram for stop consonants, and fricative frequency, intensity, and lateral formants (LF1, LF2, LF3) for fricative consonants. Nasal formants (NF1, NF2, NF3) were analyzed for different nasalities of nasal consonants. The acoustic characteristics of dialectal speech showed that young generation speakers did not show distinction between close-mid /e/ and open-mid$/\epsilon/$. The diphthongs /we/ and /wj/ showed simple vowels or diphthongs depending to dialect speech. The sibilant sound /s/ showed the aspiration preceded to fricative noise. Lateral /l/ realized variant /r/ in Kyungsang dialectal speech. The duration of nasal consonants in Chungchong dialectal speech were the longest among the dialects.