• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.3 s.122
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• pp.212-219
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• 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide an anatomical reference for cortical bone and soft tissue thickness, and the attached gingiva width in the mandible. Methods: Fifteen males and fifteen females participated in this study. An acrylic template was fabricated and the radiopaque markers were bonded on the estimated alveolar crest to take measurements of the hard and soft tissue thickness at the same locations. CT images were taken in samples wearing an acrylic template. Cortical bone and soft tissue thickness were measured at 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm from the alveolar crest in interradicular spaces from central incisor to first permanent molar. The attached gingival width was calibrated. Results: Cortical bone thickness was $1.33{\pm}0.38mm$ and soft tissue thickness was $1.49{\pm}0.54mm$. Cortical bone thickness was increased in the posterior area, while it was not the case for the soft tissue thickness. In addition, the total thickness was $2.82{\pm}0.70$. The attached gingival width was wider in the anterior area compared to that in posterior area. Conclusion: These results suggest that the attached gingiva width should be considered upon placement of mini-implants in the mandibular posterior area for orthodontic anchorage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.127-129
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• 2015

Background and Objectives : The etiology of globus pharyngeus remains uncertain. It has been known there is a relationship between the presence of air bubbles in esophagus and GERD symptoms. The aim of this study is to identify relationship between the globus symptom and the presence of air column in esophagus. Subjects and Methods : The study population consisted of 46 patients who underwent CT scan as part of evaluation for globus. Controls were chosen from the population consisted of patients with lymphadenopathy who underwent CT scan. The correlation between the presence of globus symptom and diameter, volume, and position of the air column was assessed using t-test. Reproducibility of diameter and volume of the esophageal air column was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient. Results : In study group, the mean volume of the air column was $769.56{\pm}983.08mm^3$, the mean diameter was $8.24{\pm}4.90mm$, the mean distance from the inferior border of posterior lamina of cricoid cartilage was $88.86{\pm}28.01mm$. In control group, $682.18{\pm}767.28mm^3$, $8.37{\pm}5.50mm$, $88.34{\pm}21.06mm$, respectively. There were no differences of diameter, volume and distance of the air column between the two groups. We failed to obtain acceptable reliability when we compare the diameter and the volume of the esophageal air column. Conclusion : There was no relationship between air column of esophagus and presence of globus symptom. And the measurement of diameter and volume of the esophageal air column change over time and it should be considered in a further study.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the usefulness of non-anatomical repair for irreparable large and massive rotator cuff tears by the arthroscopic margin convergence technique. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients were followed up more than 1 year after non-anatomical repair for irreparable large and massive rotator cuff tears using the arthroscopic margin convergence technique. The clinical evaluation was performed according to the KSS score, the UCLA score and the Visual analogue scale (VAS). The measurement of the acromio-humeral distance was performed using the shoulder anterior-posterior radiographs. The measurement of fatty degeneration and the healing status was performed using the shoulder MRI after 6 months. Results: Among twenty-two patients, follow up MRI was performed in eleven cases. Three cases were well healed, four cases were partial healed and another four cases were re-torn. The KSS and UCLA scores had significantly improved from a preoperative average of 45.0${\pm}$8.014 and 10.8${\pm}$2.302 points to 77.1${\pm}$10.151 and 30.0${\pm}$1.521 points, respectively, and the pain VAS had decreased from a preoperative average of 7.7${\pm}$0.616 points to 3.0${\pm}$1.021 points at the last follow up. Less favorable results were obtained when the patient had a grade of fatty degeneration higher than grade 3 on the preoperative MRI. Conclusion: Non-anatomical repair for irreparable large and massive rotator cuff tears by the arthroscopic margin convergence technique showed good functional results. It seems to be one of the effective treatment methods for irreparable large and massive rotator cuff tears.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.1 s.78
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• pp.53-66
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• 2000

This study was performed to find out the effect of projection errors on cephalometric linear and angular measurements according to head rotation during taking lateral cephalometric radiographs. Seventeen skulls with permanent dentition and no gross asymmetry were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Chosun University. Total 527 x-ray films were taken with $1^{\circ}$ interval from the reference position($0^{\circ}$) to ${\pm}15^{\circ}$ around the vertical axis (Z axis) which is perpendicular to the midpoint of the line connecting the center of two ear rods in submento-vertex direction. Statistical analysis was performed by paired t-test if there were statistically significant differences between the mean of the reference position($0^{\circ}$) and that of each rotation angle. The following results were obtained. 1. The projection errors of angular measurements were smaller than those of linear measurements. 2. The projection errors of angular measurements including midline landmarks were smaller than those including bilateral landmarks. 3. The horizontal linear measurements were gradually decreased when the stroll was rotated toward the film, but slightly increased and then decreased when the skull was rotated toward the focal spot. However, the changes were smaller in focal direction. 4. The projection errors of horizontal linear measurements were larger than those of vertical linear measurements. 5. The projection errors of vertical linear measurements were increased with increased distance from the rotation axis to vertical measurements. It is concluded that the use of angular measurements rather than linear measurements is recommended to minimize the projection errors.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2004

Purpose of the radio-therapy is maximize the radiation dose to the tumor while minimizing the dose to the critical organ. Carcinoma of the uterine cervix treatment are external irradiation or an interstitial brachtheraphy make use of isotope. Brachytherapy is a method of radiotherapy in advantage to achieve better local control with minimum radiation toxicity in comparison with external irradiation because radiation dose is distributed according to the inverse square low of gamma-ray emitted from the implanted sources. Authors make use of the patients data which 192Ir gives medical treatment intrcavity. Intracavitary radiation of the uterine cervix cancer, critical organ take $20\%$ below than exposure dose of A point in the ICRU report. None the less of the advice, Radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis are frequent and problematic early complications in patients treated with radiation for the uterine cervix cancer. In brachytherapy of uterine cervical cancer using a high dose rate remote afterloading system, it is of prime importance to deliver a accurate dose in each fractionated treatment by minimizing the difference between the pre-treatment planned and post-treatment calculated doses. Use of packing to reduce late complications intracavitary radiation of the uterine cervix cancer. Bladder and rectum changes exposure dose rate by radiotherphy make use of packing.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using a reconstruction plate and 21G circumferential wire in comminuted midshaft clavicular fractures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on 51 patients between 2005 and 2019. Thirty-two patients underwent internal fixation with a reconstruction plate and a 21G circumferential wire with minimal soft tissue detachment, and 19 patients underwent surgery without a wire. The patients were assessed with the radiographic parameters, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score. Based on this, patients who operated without a circumferential wire were set as the control group, and the differences in bone union between the two groups were compared. Results: Thirty-two patients were followed-up for an average of 65 weeks, and 19 patients in the control group were followed-up for an average of 56 weeks. The radiological evaluation confirmed the anatomical reduction and bone union in all 32 patients. No case of nonunion was present. The UCLA score was 32.38 on average and 33.11 in the control group (p=0.395). The VAS score was 1.00 on average and 0.84 in the control group (p=0.668). A significant difference in the bony union time was observed between the group who underwent internal fixation with a reconstruction plate and a 21G circumferential wire with minimal soft tissue detachment, and the control group (p=0.015). On the other hand, there was no statistical significance when other variables were controlled (p=0.107). Conclusion: For displaced midshaft clavicular fractures, internal fixation using a reconstruction plate and 21G circumferential wire maintained accurate anatomical reduction. The satisfactory clinical and radiological results mean that internal fixation using a reconstruction plate and 21G circumferential wire may be a good option for surgical treatment.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.152-162
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• 2000

Purpose : To verify radiological changes of limb salvage operation using tumor prosthesis. Materials and Methods : Sixty-nine cases which used tumor prosthesis were reviewed. They have been followed up for average four years and nine months. We evaluated radiographs by ISOLS(International Symposium On Limb Salvage) radiological implants evaluation system immediate postoperatively, at postoperative 1 year and last follow-up. After converting 'excellent, good, fair, poor' to '4, 3, 2, 1' for stastical analysis, data were analyzed according to the use of cement, anatomical sites, diagnosis implant designs and age (<20 year vs. ${\geq}$20 year) using t-test and ANOVA. Results : The outcomes of cemented type prostheses were superior in remodelling and interface but inferior in anchorage. The scores of proximal femur and distal tibia were worse in bone remodelling. Osteosarcoma group had lower scores in anchorage and implant articular problem. There were no significant differences according to four different implant designs and age. Conclusion : In the intermediate term follow-up radiological evaluation, cemented type prosthesis were better in the aspects of bony resorption and osteolysis, and cementless one in anchorage. Distal femur and proximal tibia have higher scores in bony resorption, and osteosarcoma was worse tumor entity in anchorage and articular problem, and chemotherapy may be the cause.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.564-571
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• 1999

The importance of the hyoid bone lies in its unique anatomic relationships. It has no bony articulations but provides attachment for muscles, ligaments, and fascia of the pharynx, mandible, and cranium. Various studies have documented a variability of hyoid bone position in relation to changed mandibular position or head posture. The aim of this study is to investigate the hyoid bone position and inclination on cephalometric radiographs of three groups of patients exhibiting Class I, II, and III malocclusions. The conclusions obtained from this study can be summarized as follows ; 1. Class III malocclusion patients show a more anterior position of the hyoid bone and also less steep inclination of the hyoid bone. 2. The anteroposterior position of the hyoid bone relative to the cervical vertebra and mandible was very constant. 3. The hyoid bone represented the anterior bony boundary of the pharynx at a lower level than PNS.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.6 s.65
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• pp.865-870
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• 1997

The submental region in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is Perceived to be larger than normal. Therefore, neck thickness has become a variable routinely measured during clinical screening of OSA subjects. In general, OSA Patients are believed to have a large tongue and a narrow airway. To test if OSA patients have a larger face and tongue than non-apneics, eighty pairs of upright and supine cephalograms were obtained from four groups of subjects subclassified in accordance with severity. The sum of distances between pairs of landmarks was calculated for each subjects and employed as a pure size variable for the face and tongue. Only tongue size becomes larger in accordance with apnea severity in both body positions (P<.01). Tongue size reflects apnea severity, yet it Provides only a small fraction of the explanation with regard to apnea severity. We conclude that size may be one factor of many which are significantly related to OSA severity.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2005

Purpose: To analyze the clinical and radiological feature of Os subfibulare and to evaluate the results after anatomical reduction and internal fixation with bone graft for Os subfibulare. Materials and Methods: Forty-two cases, which underwent anatomic reduction and bone graft for Os subfibulare from October 1998 to September 2004 were reviewed. We analysed preopertive symptoms and onset of symptoms and radiologically measured the size and amounts of displacement of Os subfibulare under the inversion stress. Postoperatively we evaluated the clinical results measured by Hasegawa method and evidence of union. Results: Preoperatively there were only pain around the lateral malleolus in 16 cases, only instability of ankle joint in 3 cases, and pain and instability in 23 cases. The age of symptom onset averaged 23 years(range, 13-38 years). Radiographically Os sufibulare anteriorly located from lateral malleolus were in 40 cases, posteriorly situated in 2 cases. The size of Os subfibulare ranged from $1{\times}4\;mm$ to $8{\times}17\;mm$. In 22 cases of inversion stress view, displacement of the Os sbufibulare averaged $1.5{\pm}1.1\;mm$ (0 to 5 mm). The postoperative clinical results were excellent in 41 cases, poor in 1 case. There were complications of 1 case of irritation of sural nerve, 1 case of nonunion. Conclusion: Anatomic reduction and bone graft is effective treatment method for symptomatic Os subfibulare.