• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2007

Purpose: Ingested foreign bodies are removed by endoscopy, surgery or spontaneous passage, however, the decision of therapeutic modality chosen depends on the type, size, shape and location of the ingested foreign bodies. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the rate and characteristics of foreign bodies that were passed spontaneously out of the intestine. Methods: One hundred and sixty patients who visited Samsung Medical Center for treatment of gastrointestinal foreign bodies between January 2001 to July 2007 were enrolled in this study. Related data was colleted by reviewing the medical records of patients with proven foreign bodies retrospectively, as well as by conducting phone interviews with the parents of the patients. All cases were classified based on the nature and location of the ingested foreign body, as well as whether it was treated by spontaneous passage. Results: Of the 160 cases involving the passage of foreign bodies in children were included in this study (95 boys and 65 girls), endoscopic removals, operative removals or spontaneous passages were conducted in 80, 3 and 77 patients, respectively. The spontaneous passage rates for each type of object were as follows; coins (36.5%), bead and baduk stones (83.3%), long and sharp materials (52.6%), magnets (69.2%) and disc batteries (50.0%). In cases involving round-shaped foreign bodies, such as coins, the diverse spontaneous passage rates were more diverse. When foreign bodies were stuck below esophagus, similar sized coins and baduk stones had spontaneous passage rates greater than 80% regardless of age. Conclusion: It is better for clinicians to wait for spontaneous passage to occur in cases involving coins or round-shaped foreign bodies that are located at or below the stomach.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2002

This study is to reveal the overall level of loneliness, depression and social supports of the elderly in rural area of Korea. The interview survey was performed in February 2001 with structured questionnaires to 486 respondents of 65 years or more of age who lived in Muan-gun area. The questionnaire was the revised translation of Japanese Elderly Study Which was composed of general characteristics, Japanese Loneliness Scale, abridged General Depression Scale(GDS) and Duke University social support Inventory. The following analyses adopted the analysis of covariate, t-test, and Chi- squire were used for some of the cross- sectional analyses. Average age of 486 respondents was 73.9 years old. 58.0% of the respondents noticed their partner or son as the primary consultant for the stressful situation. 56.2% of the respondents experienced the loss of their marital partner, health and/or friends. Average score of loneliness, GDS and social supports of the respondents that was each $35.54{\pm}8.38$, $7.23{\pm}2.21$ and $26.01{\pm}.90$. The overall level of depression seemed to be low as the 'pleasure to be alive' and 'happiness' scored high while the 'state of anger' and 'ominous presentiment' scored low. The level of loneliness and depression was positively correlated while the relationships were negative between loneliness and support and between depression and social support. These results suggested that social and health promotional programmes be necessary for the elderly of rural area. Further research would be required to specify the necessities.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.6.1-6
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• 1982

Papilloma is the common benign tumor of the larynx and the incidence of its malignant change was variable. The authors recently experienced 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx which were considered to be transformed from laryngeal papilloma. Case 1. A 58 year old male patient visited O.P.D. of Department of Otolaryngology of Busan National University Hospital, because of hoarseness for 3 years on May 13th, 1980. At that time, local finding of indirect laryngoscopy revealed whitish hypertrophic papillomatous mass on both vocal cords and anterior commissure, and dirty gray white pseudomembrane on left aryepiglottic fold, and the result of biopsy was squamous cell papilloma. So the laryngeal papilloma was removed under suspension laryngoscopy and then he had no specific treatment in spite of being recommended 5-FU topical spray. On March 5th, 1981, he visited O.P.D. again because of progressive exacerbation of hoarseness with mild dyspnea and histopathological finding was revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Seven days later from that day, he visited emergency room due to severe dyspnea, and emergency tracheostomy was performed on sitting position. On April 7th 1981, total laryngectomy was performed successfully and postoperative irradiation therapy was recommended. Case 2. A 47 year old male patient visited our O.P.D. because of hoarseness for 5 years on Sep. 27, 1978. At that time, local finding of indirect laryngoscopy revealed papillomatous mass on left vocal cord and left ventricle and result of biopsy was squamous cell papilloma. So he had been treated with 11 times removal of papilloma, topical spray of 5-Fu and estrogen for 3 years, but the papilloma had been recurred. On Sep. 9th, 1981, he visited O.P.D. because of severe dyspnea and emergency tracheostomy and biopsy was performed. The result of biopsy was squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and total laryngectomy was performed successfully.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2009

Purpose: To investigate MRI findings of the repaired anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Materials and Methods: Seventeen of arthroscopic ACL primary repair with sutures pull-out technique were followed for 21.4 months (range: 12 to 60 months). Stability was assessed with physical examination and KT-1000 arthrometer (MED metric, San Diego, CA) and postoperative MRI checked with time. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the location of tear which was defined with the location of remained synovial sleeve. Group I (11 patients) comprised that the tear was located within proximal 1/3 of ACL substance and group II (6 patients) comprised below proximal 1/3. MRI findings of the repaired ACL were evaluated by its course, sharpness, thickness and signal intensity using 3 grade system and correlated with its location of tear. Results: In all cases, Lachman test and flexion-rotation drawer test were negative, pivot-shift test was less than grade 1 and the mean side-to-side difference by use of KT-1000 arthrometer was 1.4 mm (range: -1.0 to 2.5 mm). The overall continuity of the repaired ACL was well maintained in all cases. However, mild sagging was observed in 10 cases(58.8%), mild obscure contour in 6 cases (35.3%), increased thickness in 8 cases (47.1%) and slight increased signal intensity in 5 cases (29.5%). There was no statistical significance in all parameters between 2 groups. And a focal defect at the femoral attachment site in sagittal image was observed in 7 cases (41.2%) of all patients which comprised 2 cases (18.2%) of group I and 5 cases (83.3%) of group II. It was observed more frequently in group II with statistical significance (p=0.035). Conclusion: Some abnormal MRI findings such as mild sagged course, obscure contour, increased thickness and signal intensity, the focal defect at femoral attachment site could be observed even though the stability was well maintained clinically. We thought that the focal defect was affected by the location of tear of ACL.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2010

Purpose: Infectious ileocecitis is an infection confined to the ileocecal area and one of the most common causes of pediatric abdominal pain. This study was performed to demonstrate the clinical features of infectious ileocecitis in children. Methods: The medical records and radiologic findings of 37 patients with ileocecitis diagnosed by ultrasonography and/or computed tomography, who were admitted to Pusan National University Hospital from January 2004 and July 2008, were reviewed retrospectively. Viral gastroenteritis and secondary ileocecitis were excluded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 4.8${\pm}$3.4 years. One-half of the patients were preschool children. The chief complaint was abdominal pain (75.7%), diarrhea (10.8%), and vomiting (8.1%). Accompanying symptoms were fever (56.8%), vomiting (21.6%), and diarrhea (16.2%). The mean duration of abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, and vomiting was 3.8${\pm}$2.1, 3.0${\pm}$1.9, 3.4${\pm}$1.9, and 2.4${\pm}$2.3 days, respectively. The frequency of diarrhea and vomiting was 5.8${\pm}$2.2 and 4.0${\pm}$2.8 per day, respectively. Diagnosis was made by abdominal ultrasonography in 22 patients (59.5%), abdominal CT in 2 patients (5.4%), and both modalities in 13 patients (35.1%). Besides the radiologic finding of thickening of the bowel wall, mesenteric lymphadenitis (59.5%), ascites (5.4%), and both mesenteric lymphadenitis and ascites (16.2%) were revealed. The mean duration of illness was 7.5${\pm}$5.0 days. There were no specific laboratory findings, and culture studies with stool or blood were negative. All of the patients recovered completely without specific treatment. Conclusion: Infectious ileocecitis has acute appendicitis-mimicking symptoms, but is self-limited within a few days, thus unnecessary treatment and work-up is avoided. However, distinguishing infectious ileocecitis from appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and mesenteric lymphadenitis is important.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2004

Purpose : Hypercoagulability is present in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1(PAI-1) is a major inhibitor of plasminogen activators. PAI-1 inactivates both tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator(uPA) by rapid formation of inactive 1:1 stoichiometric complexes. Recently some studies showed that the enhanced PAI-1 expression may be involved in the intraglomerular fibrinogen/fibrinrelated antigen deposition seen in nephrotic syndrome. Methods : PAI-1 gene promoter -844(G/A) polymorphism was evaluated in 146 children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome(MCNS) and 230 control subjects. The patients with MCNS were subdivided into 85 infrequent-relapser(IR) group and 61 frequent relapser(FR) group. PCR of PAI-1 gene promoter region including -844(G/A) and RFLP using the restriction enzyme Xhol were performed for each DNA samples extracted from the groups. Results : The distribution of PAI-1 genotype in the control group was G/G 81(32.5%), A/A 42(16.9%), and G/A 126(50.6%). The distribution of PAI-1 genotypes in the IR group of MCNS was G/G 29(34.1%), A/A 15(17.7%), and G/A 41(48.2%). The distribution of PAI-1 genotype in the FR group of MCNS was G/G 17(27.9%), A/A 18(29.5%), and G/A 26(42.6%). There was a significantly increased frequency of A/A genotype(P=0.0251) in the FR group of MCNS. Conclusion : Our results indicate that the PAI-1 gene promoter A/A genotype may be associated with the FR in MCNS.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 2015

Objectives : This study tries to find the educational basis based on the radiation safety knowledge, attitudes and behaviors to check the level of radiation safety behavior in domestic students who study dental hygiene. Methods : The students of 3rd and 4th grades in 83 universities which have registered on the Korean University Education Council were involved, and they were given a questionnaire for this study. The questionnaire was provided via visit with 20 copies to each university (total 1660 copies), mail by post and e-mail. Among them, we analyzed only 723 copies that we can trust. The data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson's correlation using the SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results : As a result, there are correlations in the students' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding the radiation safety management. It means that the education which can improve the knowledge and attitudes should be applied to increase the action level of the radiation safety. In addition, the physical environment is the most closely correlated with the individual behavior, so it will be limited to improve the behavioral levels of the radiation safety if the physical environment is not prepared. Therefore, the physical environment should be supported to enhance the level of the radiation safety activity, and to increase the individual attitude level of radiation safety. Conclusions : The knowledge level of the radiation safety management is relatively lower than the attitudes level, and the behavior level is the lowest. Therefore, the education policy of the safety behavior must be enhanced. For domestic students, the educational intervention is necessary to improve their behavioral level of radiation safety management because they will be able to reduce the amount of radiation exposure of their patients in dental care after getting a job.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze college students basic knowledge of oral health of a college student and compare with the knowledge of oral health between dental hygiene students and non-dental hygiene students. A survey was conducted on the residents in Gyeonggi-do and Gwangju from June 2006 to May 2007. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Concerning the knowledge of oral health, dental hygiene students got the source of information most frequently from school work about oral health(80.0%) and non-dental hygiene students got from health programs of TV or radio(42.7%). Concerning the reason of keeping of oral hygiene, dental hygiene students were to preventive of dental caries(80.9%) and nondental hygiene students were to preventive of periodontal disease(52.4%). There were significant difference between dental hygiene students and non-dental hygiene students(p < 0.001). 2. The knowledge degree of dental caries, to the both groups, methods of preventing caries appeared regular brush and main cause of dental caries was not to brush. There were significant difference between dental hygiene students and non-dental hygiene students(p < 0.001). 3. Dental hygiene students answered about the knowledge of fluoride know fluoride(93.6%) and non-dental hygiene students answered (55.3%). Dental hygiene students thought that fluoride could preventive dental caries(85.5%) but non-dental hygiene students thought that fluoride couldn't preventive dental caries(51.0%). There was significant difference between dental hygiene students and non-dental hygiene students(p < 0.001). 4. In the knowledge of oral health state, both of groups, replied that their own tooth state is average but they concerned about their tooth health. There was significant difference between dental hygiene students and non-dental hygiene students(p < 0.001). About main cause of dental caries, students ranked that the first reason was the poor toothbrush and the second reason was the over intaking of sugared foods. 5. About knowledge of oral diagnosis, to both groups, students ranked that first could endure the pain and the second was in much pain. For both groups, students ranked that difficult of dental treatment was cost, fear and time. There was significant difference between dental hygiene students and non-dental hygiene students(p < 0.01). For both groups, when they visit dentist's office, they felt misgivings and fear.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.853-869
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• 2000

Background : Following several decades of decline, the incidence of tuberculosis has recent1y begun to increase in many countries of this the control of this disease has been impeded by the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The development of rapid diagnostic methods and effective new drugs are needed to control MDR-TB. One of the new drugs for MDR-TB is rifabutin (RBU) which has been known to be effective in some patients with MDR-TB. A few reports showed that some types of mutations of the rpoB gene, which were known to be present in 96-98% of rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis, were associated with the rifampicin-resistant but RBU-susceptible phenotype. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between RBU susceptibility and the patterns of rpoB gene mutations in Korean MDR-TB. Methods : Sixty-five clinical isolates of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, gathered from patients who visited the Asan Medical Center from July 1997 to June 1999, were investigated. Clinical responses to rifabutin-containing regimen were evaluated. An RBU susceptibility test and sequencing analysis of rpoB gene were performed, and the results were analyzed to confirm which mutations correlated with RBU-susceptible MDR-TB. Results : Fifty-three of 56 (95%) clinical isolates of MDR-TB had 60 mutations of the rpoB gene. The most frequent mutations were found at codon 531 (43%), and two mutations were combined in seven clinical isolates. Five of 53 (10%) clinical isolates showed the RBU-susceptible phenotype, and in them the characteristic patterns of point mutations were found at codon 509, 516, and 526. Conclusion : The frequency and pattern of mutations of the rpoB gene of Korean MDR-TB isolates were similar to those in western countries, where the prevalence of tuberculosis is low, but some show RBU-susceptible phenotypes. RBU-susceptible MDR-TB isolates showed the characteristic pattern of mutations of the rpoB gene which could be used to rapidly diagnose RBU susceptibility.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2014

Objectives: Several studies suggest that nocturia may be related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The mechanism by which OSAS develops nocturia has not been determined. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of nocturia among adults with OSAS and to identify factors that may be predictive in this regard. Methods: Retrospective review of clinical and polysomnographic data obtained from patients evaluated at the sleep clinics of the St. Paul's Hospital between 2009 and 2012. The urinary symptoms were assessed on the basis of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Pathologic nocturia was defined as two or more urination events per night. OSAS was defined as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5$. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between polysomnographic variables and the presence of pathologic nocturia, while controlling for confounding factor. Results: A total of 161 men >18 years of age (mean age $46.7{\pm}14.1$), who had been referred to a sleep laboratory, were included in the present study. Among these, 27 patients with primary snoring and 134 patients with obstructive sleep apnea were confirmed by polysomnography. Nocturia was found in 53 patients with OSAS (39.6%) and 8 patients with primary snoring (29.6%). The AHI was higher in patients with nocturia than in those without nocturia (p=0.001). OSAS patients with nocturia had higher arousal index (p=0.044), and lower nadir oxyhemoglobin saturation (p=0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that age (${\beta}$=0.227, p=0.003), and AHI (${\beta}$=0.258, p=0.001) were associated with nocturia, and that the presence of pathologic nocturia was predicted by age (OR 1.04 ; p=0.004) and AHI (OR 1.02 ; p=0.001). Conclusion: Nocturia is common among patients with OSAS. The strongest predictors of nocturia are age and AHI in patients with OSAS.