• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2004

This research was carried out to investigate the moisture evaporation and property change depenging on the composting temperature for the escalator reversing composting system. The system was supported by the Y livestock cooperative composting factory. According to the test, the composting remperature eas varied in the range of $65\~80^{\circ}C$. The water content was de-creased to $75\%$ and became about $60\%$ at the end of the phase. Total nitrogen became $0.58\%$, total phosphoric acid $1.47\%$ and potashium $0.49\%$ at the end of the phase.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 1990

본고에서는 이제까지 개발되어 현재 산업적으로 사용되고 있는 에탄올 생산공정을 살펴보고 scale-up의 사례로서 KIST 유전공학센터에서 Z.mobilis airlift 발효조에서 수행한 연구결과를 중심으로 에탄올 발효에 있어서 scale-up시 나타나는 문제점과 고려해야 할 제반사항에 대해 살펴 보기로 한다.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.58-61
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• 1990

항생제 생산을 위한 생물공정은 크게 3단계로 나뉠 수 있다. 우주균주 선발, 현장균주 보존및 현장 종균 공급을 위한 일련의 종균배양 과정을 Upstream이라 할 수 있고, 종모실로 부터 공급받은 종균을 현장에서 증식시키는 현장 종균배양 공정과 본 발효조에서의 항생제 생합성공정을 Mid-Stream, 발효가 끝난 상태의 배양액으로부터 균체, 세포내 및 세포외 불필요한 물질을 제거하고 항생제만을 회수, 정제하는 Down Stream으로 나뉠 수 있다. 따라서 항생제 발효는 좁은 의미에서는 본 발효조에서의 항생제 생합성공정을 가르키지만 넓은 의미에서는 위 전체 공정을 가르키는 말이기도 하다. 따라서 본 소고에서는 항생제 생산을 위한 생물 공정상의 문제점을 3분야로 나누어 제시하고자 한다. 실제로 항생제 공장을 건립하여 항생제 발효를 실시해 왔으며 그것을 좀더 나은 수준으로 개선하고자 꾸준히 노력해 온 당사에서의 경우를 그 예로 보아 문제점을 제시하고자 한다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.366-370
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• 2006

In this research, analysis of UDP-glucose a precursor of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was established using a reversed phase system. One of key metabolite UDP-glucose was selected and its concentration changes was measured with the change of fermentation conditions. The effects of fermentation conditions with/without nitrogen source for cell growth on ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan production were dependent on the UDP-glucose concentration. The UDP-glucose was synthesized rapidly during cell exponential growth period and maintained high during ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan production period. The UDP-glucose concentration was higher for ${\beta}$-1.3-glucan production fermentor than that for cell growth fermentor. The ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan production was optimal at pH 5.5 and synthesis of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan was greatest at pH 5.5.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the temperature, water balance, evaporation and physicochemical properties during the composting with pig slurry at a scraper system. The pig slurry was composted on farm trial using continuous aeration with turning machine for 5 month. A compost facility of rectangular concrete bin with dimension of 53 m (length) ${\times}$ 4.6 m (width) ${\times}$ 2 m (height) was bedded with sawdust. The environmental parameters were monitored in period of 5 months. The results were as follows ; 1. During the composting period, the temperature was varied in the range $50{\sim}70^{\circ}C$. The temperature of compost pile was highest in middle layer and lowest in under layer. Temperature difference between middle and under area of compost pile was $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$. 2. The water content of compost pile varied $50{\sim}68%$. In the period of 50% of water content of compost pile, the temperature of compost was $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and was not successfully composted. 3. In this study, total evaporation was 90% during composting. The amount of slurry per $1m^3$ sawdust by this method was $3.16m^3$ without treatment of effluent output. 4. The chemical properties of produced compost was high, but suitable for plant growth. Concentration of T-N, T-C in the final compost were 1.62, 34%, respectively.

• 해운
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• no.10 s.44
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• pp.14-23
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• 2007

구주공동체 집행위원회(EC)는 2007년 9월14일부로 해상운송서비스에 관한 EC 조약 제81조의 적용에 관한 지침을 공포했다. 동 지침의 주요골자를 보면, '정기선 운임동맹 포괄면제'를 인정한 규정을 폐지하였으며, 2008년 10월18 일부로 발효된다. 다음은 한국선주협회가 입수한 지침 전문을 정리한 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2021

Effective microorganisms (EM), which are sources of fermentation byproducts in herbal medicine, were compared with oyster mushrooms(OM) to identify alternative larval feeds for white-spotted flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis). The nutritional composition of each fermented feed was analyzed. The content of crude protein, crude fat, and fiber was higher in the OM fermented feed, except for crude ash. No difference in nutritional content of larvae based on fermented feed was observed. A comparative weekly analysis of the live weights of larvae was based on the fermented feed used. The average weight was significantly higher in the feeds using EM and OM from third week of observation. The larval survival rate in the presence of fermented feed was 96.7% compared with 9.8% with non-fermented feed. The results suggest that fermented food source is essential for the growth of white-spotted flower chafer, and OM was a stable alternative to EM as a fermentation source for the survival of white-spotted flower chafer.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of reusing newspaper or paperbox waste by methane fermentation. When 15 g of newspaper and box wastes were digested separately for 24 days by batch fermentation, the amount of total organic acids produced were 2461 and 4978 mg/L, respectively. The tCOD removal rates were found to be 60.9 and 62.4%, respectively. In addition, the removal efficiencies of total solid were 34.8 and 33.4%, and those of volatile solid were 40.0 and 39.2%, respectively. During this period, the amounts of biogas produced were 6.95 and 6.43 L. In a semicontinuous reaction, tCOD removal efficiencies for newspaper and box wastes were 64.7 and 65.0%, respectively, after 14 days of digestion. After 25 days, which were needed to stabilize the methane fermentation, the amounts of biogas produced daily were 0.31 and 0.30 L/g.dry wt, respectively. Methane contents were 57.3 and 56.2%, respectively, and the pHs in the anaerobic acidogenic and methanogenic fermenters were 5.0 and 7.5, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.607-613
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• 1992

A tower fermentor equipped with a modified settler was used for ethanol fermentation using highly flocculating yeast, Saccharomyces uvarum. The settler was constructed of glass column divided into two chambers by a funnel shaped divider. Gas was allowed to escape from lower chamber of the settler through a small tube. This design significantly reduced the turbulence in upper chamber of the settler and made it possible to operate at high dilution rate. Using the tower fermentor, the effects of operating conditions such as initial glucose concentration, dilution rate and cell recycle ratio were studied. The maximum ethanol productivity, 64.0 g/l' h was obtained at a dilution rate 1.1 h -1 and a cell recycle ratio 5 with the corresponding ethanol concentration of 58.8 g/l, and cell mass of 88 g/l.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.677-680
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• 1992

The effects of pH, temperature and oxygen transfer rate(OTR) on L-Ieucine fermentation were investigated employing Corynebacterium glutamicum CH 1516 in 71 fermentor. The optimum pH, temperature and OTR were determined to be 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$ and 0.21 kmole $O_2$/$m^3{\cdot}hr$, respectively. For the values of OTR lower than 0.19 kmole $O_2$/$m^3{\cdot}hr$ a significant amount of lactic acid was accumulated, while the packed cell volume(PCV) was rapidly increased at higher OTR values above 0.23 kmole $O_2$/$m^3{\cdot}hr$ and glutamic acid was produced to some extent. Scale-up studies for L-Ieucine fermentation which was carried out in 12001 pilot scale fermentor reaffirmed the results of 71 fermentation. The optimum redox potential value for L-Ieucine production was found to be -150 to -170 mY.