• Title/Summary/Keyword: 발화요인

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Voice Recognition using a Phoneme based Similarity Algorithm in Home Networks (음소 기반의 유사율 알고리즘을 이용한 Home Network 환경에서의 음성 인식)

  • Lee, Chang-Sub;Yu, Jae-Bong;Park, Joon-Seok;Yang, Soo-Ho;Kim, Yu-Seop;Park, Chan-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.767-770
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    • 2005
  • 네트워크상에서 전달되는 음성데이터는 전달되는 과정에서 잡음 등의 외부 요인으로 인하여 데이터에 손실이 생기는 문제가 발생한다. 이렇게 전달된 음성데이터가 음성 인식기를 통과하면 바로 음성 인식기를 통과했을 때 보다 인식률이 낮아진다. 본 연구에서는 홈 네트워크를 제어하는데 있어서 음성 인식률을 향상시키기 위해서 음성 데이터를 입력받아, 이를 음소단위 기반의 유사율 알고리즘을 적용시켜 이미 구축된 홈 네트워크 용어 관련 사전에 등록된 단어와의 유사성을 검토하여 추출된 결과로 홈 네트워크를 제어하는 방안을 제안한다. 음소단위 기반의 유사율 알고리즘과 다중발화를 이용했을 때 Threshold 값이 85% 일 경우 사전에 구축된 단어와 매칭된 인식률은 100%였으며, 사전에 없는 단어의 오인식률은 2%로 감소되었다.

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Characteristics of the Car Fires Related to a Diesel Particulate Filters and an Analysis of the Process of Proving Fire Causes (미세먼지 저감 장치와 관련된 자동차화재의 특징 및 화재원인 입증절차의 분석)

  • Lee, Eui-Pyeong
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.99-107
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    • 2018
  • Diesel cars employ a diesel particulate filter (DPF) to reduce the discharge of fine dust. However, cases of fires caused by DPFs have been reported in diesel cars. In this study, I examined the regulation of exhaust gas and exhaust gas recirculation in diesel cars. Then, I analyzed cases of car fires caused by DPFs, their characteristics, car fire factors related to DPFs and preventive measures, and their consideration in investigations of the causes of fires. Finally, regarding car fire investigations, this study proposed a process of proving that fires are caused by DPFs.

Multiplicity of Synchronous Online Class Discussion Activity: A Conceptual Exploration (실시간 온라인 수업 토론 활동의 중층성에 대한 개념적 탐색)

  • Park, Yangjoo
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.149-155
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    • 2019
  • In this study, the multiplicity of synchronous online class discussion activity is explored at conceptual level. From the cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), each utterance may be considered as a product of the activity system. Alderfer's ERG theory is employed as another theoretical framework for the study. Based on the subject's existence, relationship, growth needs, their class discussion activities constitute four different dimensions: physical/biological, cultural/institutional, social/relational, and cooperative knowledge construction. It is inherent in individual activities and has a different arrangement according to their interests and situations, and at the same time acts as a factor of cooperation and competition among the participants. Through this, collective discussion activities represent complex and dynamic development patterns.

On the relationship between the phonetic realizations of the allophones of the Korean liquid /l/ and their prosodic status (한국에 유음 /l/의 변이음들의 음성적 실현과 운율적 위상과의 상관관계에 관하여)

  • 이숙향
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.18 no.7
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate phonetic realization of flap [r], one of the allophones of Korean /l/. Phonetic realization of a segment is affected by not only its neighboring segments but also its prosodic position in an utterance. This study examined how various prosodic positions affect the phonetic realization of [r]. Effects of the four prosodic positions on the phonetic realization of [r] were examined: utterance initial, Intonation Phrase initial, Accentual Phrase initial, and Accentual Medial positions. Word positional effect was also examined: word initial, medial, and final positions. Acoustic and statistical analyses showed that flap [r] was realized in a variety of phonetic forms: from sonorant(the most reduced form) to short stop(the least reduced form). It was shown that generally. word-initial position is stronger than word-medial position. It was also shown that in many cases, utterance-initial position and intonation-phrase-initial position are stronger than accentual-phrase-initial and accentual-phrase-medial positions. Sonorants were observed more often in the prosodically weaker portions. VOT duration was also shorter in accentual-phrase-initial and accentual-phrase-medial positions.

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Occupational advice from vocational counselors for adults who stutter and associated factors (직업상담사의 말더듬 성인에 대한 직업 추천 양상과 관련 요인 분석)

  • Park, Jin;Jang, Hyekyung;Shin, Hyungtak;Cho, Nambin;Park, Heeyoung
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.65-76
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    • 2019
  • This study aimed to primarily examine perceptions about occupational suitability made by vocational counselors for adults who stutter and associated factors. A total of 69 vocational counsellors (23 per condition) took part in this study and were randomly assigned to recordings related to three different speech conditions (fluent, less-severe stuttering, and severe stuttering versions). The participants were asked to listen to one of the three recordings and rate the speaker's communicative functioning, personal attributes, and suitability for 31 occupations, along with perceptions of the speaking demands and educational requirements of the occupations. Regarding the two stuttering conditions, it was found that suitability ratings were lower for occupations with a high speaking demand than those with a low speaking demand. In addition, the most significant factor associated with occupational suitability ratings was perceived speaking demands, followed by perceived educational requirements, and then by ratings of the speaker's personal attributes. These findings suggest that adults who stutter may face role entrapment (or occupational stereotyping) in workplace settings.

A longitudinal analysis on interruption in preschool children who stutter during interactions with their mothers (학령전 말더듬아동과 어머니 간 상호작용 시 끼어들기 특성 종단적 분석)

  • Kwak, Hyo-Jung;Hwang, Si-Hyeon;Song, Pu-Reum;Sim, Hyun-Sub;Lee, Soo-Bok
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.75-87
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate, longitudinally, interruption behavior which children who do stutter (CWS), children who do not stutter (CWNS) and their mothers and relationship with disfluency of children showed during interactions with their mothers. Subjects for this study consisted of 2-5 year old CWS (male 2 and female 4), an age-matched group of CWNS (male 3 and female 3), and their mothers. Frequencies of normal disfluency (ND) and abnormal disfluency (AD) in children group and frequency of interruption and simultalk duration in children and mothers group were measured two times (initial visit and 12 months later) over the course of one year. As a result, no significant difference was observed in frequency of interruption and simultalk duration both between two mother groups and between two child groups at initial visit and 12 months later. However, frequency of interruption increased significantly over the course of one year in CWS group. A significant group difference was found in frequency of interruption of mothers but, no significant difference was observed in simultalk duration of mothers at initial visit. In the CWS·mothers group, no factors were related with disfluency of children at initial visit and 12 months later. These findings suggest that interruption is not just negative behavior, and that reducing interruption should be considered in child·parent interaction therapy for CWS.

Patterns of categorical perception and response times in the matrix scope interpretation of embedded wh-phrases in Gyeongsang Korean (경상 방언 내포문 의문사의 작용역 범주 지각 양상과 반응 속도 연구)

  • Weonhee Yun
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2023
  • This study investigated the response time and patterns of categorical perception of the wh-scope of an embedded clause with the non-bridge verb, "gung-geum hada 'wonder'," in the matrix verb phrase in Gyeongsang Korean. Using the same procedure as Yun (2022), 72 responses and response times for each stimulus were collected from 24 participants over the course of three trials. The stimuli were recorded readings of 40 speakers (20 male, 20 female). Context was provided to induce a matrix scope interpretation of the embedded wh-phrase in the target sentence. We sorted the 40 stimuli according to the number of matrix scope responses each received, and charted the response times for each stimulus. Although there was considerable overlap for the different types of wh-scope interpretations, there was a clear difference in categorical perception between the matrix and embedded scopes. The 24 participants also differed in their categorical perceptions. The results suggested that response time and wh-scope interpretation were not directly related and that two main weighted factors affected wh-scope interpretation: morpho-syntactic constraints and prosodic structural integrity. The weighting of each of these factors was inversely correlated and varied among subjects.

An Analysis of Elementary Pre-service Teachers' Pedagogical Reasoning about Students' Dissolution and Solution Conceptions (학생의 용해와 용액 개념에 대한 초등 예비교사의 교육적 추론 분석)

  • Song, Nayoon;Yoon, Hye-Gyoung
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.64-81
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    • 2023
  • In this study, we analyzed pre-service teachers' levels of pedagogical reasoning while watching video clips of elementary school students' discussions of their conceptions of solution and dissolution. 81 pre-service teachers participated in the study. It was found that many pre-service teachers had scientific conceptions, and pre-service teachers who had non-scientific conceptions showed misconceptions similar to those of elementary school students. In both conceptions, pre-service teachers partially or comprehensively interpreted the students' misconceptions with reference to the evidence. However, the rates of pre-service teachers who misinterpreted or simply restated the students' utterances were quite high. Many pre-service teachers suggested only one factor related to levels of reasoning about causes of misconceptions, and most suggested factors were related to the student factor. The level of reasoning about instructional decisions differed according to dissolution and solution conceptions. Actions linked to students' thinking were more closely related to students' specific thinking than to their generic thinking, and among these, student-centered action was seen. From the above results, we sought ways of improving pre-service teachers' pedagogical reasoning.

Determination of Fire Severity and Deduction of Influence Factors Through Landsat-8 Satellite Image Analysis - A Case Study of Gangneung and Donghae Forest Fires - (Landsat-8 위성영상 분석을 통한 산불피해 심각도 판정 및 영향 인자 도출 - 강릉, 동해 산불을 사례로 -)

  • Soo-Dong Lee;Gyoung-Sik Park;Chung-Hyeon Oh;Bong-Gyo Cho;Byeong-Hyeok Yu
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.277-292
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    • 2024
  • In order to manage large-scale forest fires concentrated in Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do with severe topographical heterogeneity, a decision-making process through efficient and rapid damage assessment using satellite images is essential. Accordingly, this study targets a large-scale forest fire that ignited in Gangneung and the Donghae, Gangwon-do on March 5, 2022, and was extinguished around 19:00 on March 8, to estimate the fire severity using dNBR and derive environmental factors that affect the grade. As environmental factors, we quantified the regular vegetation index representing vegetation or fuel type, the forest index that classifies tree species, the regular moisture index representing moisture content, and DEM in relation to topography, and then analyzed the correlation with the fire severity. In terms of fire severity, the widest range was 'Unbured' at 52.4%, followed by low severity at 42.9%, medium-low severity at 4.3%, and medium-high severity at 0.4%. Environmental factors showed a negative correlation with dNDVI and dNDWI, and a positive correlation with slope. Regarding vegetation, the differences between coniferous, broad-leaved, and other groups in dNDVI, dNIWI, and slope, which were analyzed to affect the fire severity, were analyzed to be significant with p-value < 2.2e-16. In particular, the difference between coniferous and broad-leaved forests was clear, and it was confirmed that coniferous forest suffered more damage than broad-leaved forest due to the higher fire severity in the Gangwon-do region, including Pinus densiflora, which are dominant species, as well as P. koraiensis, P. rigida and P. thunbergii.

의사소통식 영어 발음지도

  • 김정렬
    • Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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    • 1997.07a
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    • pp.45-60
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    • 1997
  • 의사소통식 영어교수법은 Widdowson (1978)이래, 과거 20여 년간의 여러 외국어 교수 방법들을 (침묵식 교수법, Gattegno; 자연적 교수법, Terrell & Krashen; 전신반웅 교수법, Asher; 집단언어 학습법, Curran; 암시적 교수법, Lozanov) 거치면 서, 이들 중에서 의사소통을 중심으로 한 여러 가지 방법을 총괄하여, 명실공히 외국어 교육 방법의 중심으로 그 자리를 갈수록 확고히 잡아가고 있다. 의사소통식 교수법은 우선 언어란 의사소통을 위한 수단이며, 의사소통은 사회 속에서 일어나는 사회 언어적 행위로 본다. 따라서, 외국어 교육의 목적을 무엇보다도 의사소통 기능의 숙달에 두는 것이다. 일반적인 의사소통 상황을 보면 발화내용의 문법적 정확성은 그 상황에 대한 내용의 적절성 여부에 비하면, 부수적인 것이다. 예를 들면, 사과를 하는 의사소통기능을 공부하면서, 사과하는 표현으로 Sorry라는 말을 썼다고 하자. 이때, 영어는 주어 생략 언어가 아니기 때문에, Sorry 대신에 문법적으로 완전한 문장인 I'm sorry 로 표현해야 한다는 문법적인 문제보다는 사과하는 표현이 그 상황에서 적절하게 쓰인 것인지를 묻는 것에 초점을 맞춘 것이 의사소통식 교수 방법이다. 현재, 초등학교 16 종 영어 교과서도 의사소통 기농들을 적절한 상황에 맞춰서 의사소통식 교수 방법의 정신을 비교적 잘 반영하고 있다. 그러나, 발음에서만큼은 아직도 의사소통식 교수방법을 무시하고, 정확한 발음의 명시적인 설명이나, 예시에 그치는 경향이 뚜렷하다. 이러한 경향은 교육부에서 고시한 제6차 교육과정과 이에 따른 해설서에서 되풀이되고 있다. 발음지도에 많은 관심을 기울여 많은 양의 지면을 할애하고 있음에도 불구하고, 전후에 흐르는 의사 소통식 영어교육의 맥을 완전히 끊고, 단지 정확한 발음의 해부학적 예시와 기술에 그 치고 있다 (임영재 외 1995). 이러한 발음기관의 단면도를 이용한 해부학적 발음의 예시는 특정 자음의 정확한 혀의 위치를 알려 줄 수는 있지만, 발음훈련을 대신하지는 못한다. 예를 들어, 자전거를 타고자 하는 사람이 자전거의 페달을 밟았을 때, 그 동력전달 과정을 자세히 소개한 책자를 읽었다고 해서, 자전거를 탈 수 있는 것은 아니다. 역시, 자전거를 타고자 하면, 실제로 타고 넘어지면서 배우게 되는 것이다. 그리고, 발음훈련의 경우 교재의 내용이나 의사소통 기능은 의사소통식으로 가르치면서도 발음만큼은 아직도 원어민의 입모양을 활용한 듣고 따라하기 식의 전통적인 방법의 발음훈련을 계속하고 있다. 이러한 전통적 발음훈련 방법은 구체적으로 다음 장에서 제시되겠지만, 초등학교에서 듣고 따라하기나 듣고 골라내기와 같은 방법으로 발음훈련을 하면, 많은 학생들이 쉽게 지루해 하고, 아마 영어시간 중에서 가장 싫어하는 시간이 발음연습 시간이 될 가능성이 많이 있다. 현재 의사소통식 교수 방법을 모태로 한 교과서에서도 의사소통식 발음지도법을 쓰지 않았다는 것은 새로이 시작하는 초등학교 영어교육에서 아쉬운 점이라 아니할 수 없다. 초등학교 학생들에 대한 발음 지도의 핵심은 그들의 지적, 정서적, 신체적 특징을 잘 고려해야 한다. 초등학교 학생은 지적, 정서적, 신체적으로 성장기에 있어서, 호기심이 많고, 모방성이 강하며, 감수성이 예민하여 마음에 상처를 받기도 쉽다. 그리고, 무엇보다도, 끊임없이 신체적으로 움직이고 싶어한다. 이러한 학생들의 특정 을 반영하여 발음을 지도하는 길은 역시 초등학교 교과서의 다른 영역들처럼, 학생들은 움직이는 활동을 하면서 재미를 느끼고, 교사는 이들 활동을 통해서 교수목표를 성취하는 쪽으로 맞추어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 발음지도가 필요한 이유와 요인을 살펴본다. 그리고, 전통적인 발음지도 방법을 일별해 보고, 의사소통식 발음지도법을 제시하는 순으로 논의를 전개하기로 한다.

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