• Korean Linguistics
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• v.81
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• pp.245-265
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to prepare the basis for a more objective evaluation of oral fluency by analyzing Korean native speaker's utterance. Traditionally, fluency evaluation tended to rely on the evaluators' experience and subjective idea. Therefore, there has been a need of setting the evaluation standard in numeric form that is easily measurable. In this study, I will analyze Korean native speaker's utterance in focus of pause. Total number of 875 pauses were extracted from the 21st Century Sejong Korean spoken corpus, and the elements before and after the pauses were annotated. From the analysis results, the pauses were divided between fluent pauses and influent pauses. If the length of fluent pauses do not exceed reasonable length of pause for native Korean speakers, there was no point reduction. On the other hand, if the influent pauses are made more frequently than the native Korean speakers, then it is subject to point reduction.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.67-70
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• 2022

최근 자연어 생성 연구는 딥러닝 기반의 사전 학습 모델을 중심으로 활발하게 연구되고 있다. 하위 분야 중 하나인 텍스트 확장은 입력 텍스트를 출력에 잘 반영하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 기존 한국어 기반 텍스트 확장 연구의 경우 몇 개의 개념 집합에 기반해 문장을 생성하도록 한다. 그러나 이는 사람의 실제 발화 길이에 비해 짧고 단순한 문장만을 생성한다는 문제점이 존재한다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제점을 개선하면서 문학 스타일의 문장들을 생성하는 모델을 제안하였다. 또한 동일 모델에 대해 학습 데이터의 양에 따른 성능도 비교하였다. 그 결과, 짧은 요약문을 통해 문학 스타일의 여러 문장들을 생성하는 것을 확인하였고, 학습 데이터를 추가한 모델이 성능이 더 높게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

This study aims at investigating and comparing the vowel lengths of the eight stressed syllable vowels among the Korean college students with the English native speakers. To do this English sentences were uttered and recorded by twenty Korean subjects. Acoustic features were measured from a sound spectrogram with the help of the Praat software program and analyzed through statistical analysis. From the results of the experiment, I was able to find out that the differences of the lengths of the first syllable stressed vowels were significant. Especially in the pronunciation of the English front low vowel /${\ae}$/, native subjects pronounced significantly longer than Korean subjects, and this result could be used as a teaching material in pronunciation class.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.378-390
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• 2020

English stress plays such a critical role in understanding spoken English words that its misplacement can lead to a breakdown of communication. Korean learners of English, whose native language is known to lack this feature, are expected to have some difficulty acquiring this English prosodic system. This study explored how Korean is different from English in manifesting prominence at the word level and how the interlanguage of Korean learners of English is dissimilar to both languages in that regard. Four polysyllabic English loanwords in Korean and their English source words were used as stimuli. Ten native English speakers read the English source words while ten Korean learners of English read the English loan words first and then the English source words. The analysis of 120 speech samples revealed that Korean words did not have any salient syllable realized by all stress features: duration, amplitude, and F0. On the contrary, English words had syllables with relative prominence, which was consistently manifested by all the features. Interestingly, in realizing English stress, the interlanguage of the Korean English learners bore more resemblance to that of English than that of their native language.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.187-196
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• 2019

This experimental study examines whether paralinguistic behavior is a deception cue in an interrogation. 92 college students participated in an experiment and were randomly assigned to two conditions. Participant were then asked to take the money or not to take the money according to the condition they were assigned. Then participants had a face-to-face interrogation. During the interrogation, participants' paralinguistic behavior was recorded and used for coding and analysis. Results reveal that participants' paralinguistic behaviors differ depending on question types and deceptive paralinguistic cues are speech speed and fillers for the closed critical question and response latency, response length, and fillers for the open critical question. These findings implicate that part of paralinguistic behavior could be a deception cue and thus these cues might be applicable to deception detection in real world criminal investigations.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Korean affricates produced by dysarthric speakers with cerebral palsy. Korean fricatives and affricates are the consonants that are prone to errors in dysarthric speech, but previous studies have focused only on fricatives. For this study, three affricates /tɕ, tɕ^h, ͈tɕ/ appearing at word initial and intervocalic positions produced by six mild-moderate male speakers of spastic dysarthria are selected from a QOLT database constructed in 2014. The parameters representing the acoustic characteristics of Korean affricates were extracted by using Praat: frication duration, closure duration, center of gravity, variance, skewness, kurtosis, and central moment. The results are as follows: 1) frication duration of the intervocalic affricates produced by dysarthric speakers was significantly longer than that of the non-disordered speakers; 2) the closure duration of dysarthric speakers was significantly longer; 3) in the case of the center of gravity, there was no significant difference between the two groups; 4) the skewness of the dysarthric speakers was significantly larger; and 5) the central moment of dysarthric speakers was significantly larger. This study investigated the characteristics of the affricates produced by dysarthric speakers and differences with non-disordered speakers.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

The present study attempts to investigate declination in Korean and its relevant aspects to the length of utterance, the clause boundary, and focus. More specifically, I examine the relation of declination with the length of utterance, the declination reset at the clause boundary, and the effect of focus on declination. Results showed that the length of utterance had no relation with the first and last pitch values of the utterance but that they were consistent regardless of the length of utterance. However, the declination slope changed to be relatively gentle from the fourth accentual phrase to the end of the whole intonational phrase. There was a reset of declination in such a way that the first pitch in the second phrase was always lower than that of the first phrase, but the first pitch in the third phrase was not always lower than that of the second phrase when the whole utterance was composed of three phrases. Finally, the pitch values of the focusing words decreased as their position went back in a sentence. One declination line was formed in the case of focused utterance, but in the case of an utterance that contained a clause boundary, a new declination line was formed at the start of each new clause. These findings can be applied to developing a Korean speech synthesizer that contains natural prosody; they can be also utilized for teaching Korean prosody.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.337-349
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• 2007

Yearly, it seems the fact that the numbers of tunnels with wide sections are on the rise as the length of tunnel and number of lanes continues increasing. According to these trends, well-schemed plans of design, construction and management related with tunnel safety has become to be crucial. It is a high possibility to be observed by the fact that the direct effects of casualties and property damages are caused by the situations of car collisions, bump to solid structures by careless driving and the outbreak on vehicles by mechanical fault. Therefore, in order to prevent these types of accidents, we would make issues md adopt appropriate mechanical and management plans of emergency exits and disaster prevention equipments inside of tunnel, based on up-to dated experiences and study of foreign cases, to structural design technology. The objectives of this study are to recognize related actual problems and suggest improvement plans.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.385-390
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• 2022

관계추출은 문서 혹은 문장에서 자동으로 엔티티들간의 관계를 추출하는 기술로, 비정형 데이터를 정형데이터로 변환하기에 자연어 처리 중에서도 중요한 분야중 하나이다. 그 중에서도 대화 관계추출은 기존의 문장 단위의 관계추출과는 다르게 긴 길이에 비해 적은 정보의 양, 빈번하게 등장하는 지시대명사 등의 특징을 가지고 있어 주어와 목적어 사이의 관계를 예측하기에 어려움이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 어려움을 극복하기 위해 대화의 특성을 고려한 대화 그래프를 구축하고 이를 이용한 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 모델은 상호참조 정보와 문맥정보를 더 반영한 그래프를 통해 산발적으로 퍼져있는 정보를 효율적으로 수집하고, 지시대명사로 인해 어려워진 중요 발화 파악 능력을 증진시켰다. 또한 이를 실험적으로 보이기 위하여 대화 관계추출 데이터셋에 실험해본 결과, 기존 베이스라인 보다 약 10 % 이상의 높은 F1점수를 달성하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.579-584
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• 2010

Purpose : The number of the repatriated Korean students who had overseas study at early ages is increasing. They received foreign education, they can speak international languages, but they have many difficulties in articulation and intonation of the Korean language. This study aims to measure closure and aspiration duration, length of consonants, length of subsequent vowels, and ratio of consonants against subsequent vowels in vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) syllables. Methods : This study compares the acoustic and phonetic characteristics of repatriated and native students, the ratio of articulation error of Korean plosives, the closure and aspiration duration, and the ratio of the aspiration duration against the closure duration. Results : The ratio of articulation error of Korean plosives between repatriated and native students is 19% and 2%, respectively. The closure duration was significantly longer in repatriated students than in native students. The aspiration duration was significantly longer in repatriated students than in native students. No difference was found in the ratio of aspiration duration against closure duration between the native and repatriated students. Conclusion : This study can be a good reference for estimating the phonetic difficulties of Korean elementary students who had overseas study at early ages.