• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.27-33
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• 2004

Particle Velocity Equations were suggested in this paper for Korean surface blasting types, which were developed by Korean Society for Explosive Engineers (KSEE). Standard charges per delay for types and distances also were determined. USBM equation which was adopted by MOCT (Korean Ministry of Construction and Transportation) shows many problems for Korean situations.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.25-38
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• 2002

터널 굴착선 여굴(Overbreak)은 발파공법에 의한 괄착 중에 필연적으로 발생하는 현상으로서 숏크리트, 라이닝 등의 보강비 추가 발생과 버력 처리량의 증대로 공기 및 공사비를 증가시키는 주요한 요인으로 작용한다. 또한 터널 굴착선 암반의 손상으로 균열층이 형성되거나 부석이 발생하여 안전문제를 야기시키기도 한다. 이러한 여굴 발생은 천공오차, 발파패턴의 오류, 잘못된 화약선정, 불규칙한 암반 특성 등에 그 원인이 있으나, 지금까지 터널 여굴은 천공 및 발파기술에 의해 좌우된다라는 인식이 대부분이었다. 그러나 여굴 발생에 중요한 원인으로 터널 굴착선 암반의 특성과 이에 적합한 발파패턴 및 화약류를 들 수 있다. 본 연구는 여굴 발생에 영향을 미치는 암반상태를 파악하기 위해서 터널 굴착선 주변암반의 균열정도, 강도, 불연속면의 간격, 방향, 간극, 충전물 상태 등의 6가지 요소를 이용하여 암반을 분류하는 발파암 분류법(BI)을 새로 제안하였고, 이 분류에 따라 외곽 공의 간격과 장약밀도를 달리 하는 발파패턴을 정립하였다. 또한 화약의 순폭도와 Air Deck 효과를 이용하여 장약밀도를 조절할 수 있는 N.D.C(New Deck Charge) 발파공법을 개발함으로써 여굴을 최소화할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

The conventional blasting method generates serious blasting vibration and underbreak/overbreak in spite of its high efficiency for rock excavation. To overcome these disadvantages, this paper introduces an alternative excavation method that combines the conventional blasting process with the free surface on the perimeter of the tunnel face using waterjet cutting technology. This proposed excavation method has advantages of (1) reducing vibration and noise level; (2) minimizing underbreak and overbreak; and (3) maximizing excavation efficiency. To verify the effects of the proposed excavation method, field tests were performed with a smooth blasting method at the same excavation conditions. Test results show that the vibration is reduced by up to 55% and little underbreak/overbreak is generated compared with the smooth blasting method. In addition, the excavation efficiency of the proposed method is greater than that of the smooth blasting method. The proposed blasting method with a free surface using waterjet cutting can be applied to urban excavation construction as well as to underground structure construction.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2024

Recently, various techniques and patented methods on blasting operation are being newly developed. In this study, test construction of the MDS blasting method was performed, and the fragmentation size and the occurrence rate of rocks exceeding 300mm were measured and analyzed in comparing to normal blasting method. Test construction was performed three times each for normal and the MDS at the same bench for each round, and fragmentation size(P80) and occurrence rate of rocks exceeding 300mm(S30) were measured using digital image processing. A sieve bucket was also manufactured on-site to sort oversized rock particles from muck piles, and their weights and equivalents were measured to calculate actual values. As a result, the fragmentation size decreased of 21.0% with the MDS compared to normal, and 100-S30 decreased of 10.1%, with actual values decreasing of 7.6%. Although there were variations in blasting effects for each round due to differences in rock quality at site, overall, the MDS proved to be more effective compared to normal blasting method under equivalent conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.131-136
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• 1992

발파공법은 비 점토성 지반의 심층 개량처리에 있어서 경제적이며 실용성 있는 방법이다. 발파에 의한 흙의 다짐효과는 복잡한 과정을 통하여 이루어지며 좋은 결과를 얻기 위해서는 발파 계획에 있어서 동 공법의 작용원리를 잘 이해하고 적용하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 발파공법에 의한 흙의 다짐효과에 관한 과거의 연구자료를 광범위하게 조사하였다. 지반개량 작용원리에 관련하여 특별한 현상과 증거를 제시하는 실제 사례 자료를 기초로 하여 현재까지 흙의 밀도증가 요인을 설명해 온 개념은 발파에 수반되어 주변 주반에 발생하는 지반거동현상을 설명하기에 부족함이 있음을 지적하였다. 또한 발파지점 부근에 형성되는 액상화 영역과 그 외부 영역에서 각각 발생되는 과인간극수압 및 지반응력상태, 이에 따른 지반침하 형태 그리고 개량지반의 강성 및 강도특성에 관하여 고찰하였다.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2008

This study, to reduce a ground vibration damage of the structures in an area adjacent to housing structures located closely above the tunnel section, is the ground vibration reduction instance of a tunnel blasting selectively applied the ground vibration-controlled blasting method (delay time applied blasting method, large center hole cut method, Line Drilling method, etc) with an originally planned blasting method connected, but with it's workability and economic efficiency is satisfactory, so, the results says the ground vibration-controlled blasting method on a similar condition is very effective, even if the applicability is depend on the blasting method and ground condition of the work area.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.287-300
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• 2002

Composition Presplitting Angle Cut (COPA-Cut) is a newly developed blasting method for tunnel excavation. Contrary to existing methods, COPA-Cut first creates presplitting by tension crack in cut. In this study, field tests measuring the advance efficiency, noise and ground vibration were performed in order to verify the presplitting effect. To compare the economy and workability, tests were simultaneously performed by COPA-Cut and existing method on the same condition. Results show that COPA-Cut increased advance efficiency and decreased noise and ground vibration. Also, it was confirmed that COPA-Cut is superior to existing method in terms of economy, workability and quality control.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2002

For the excavation of the rock, blast method is put into operation in most of the construction site in Korea. In comparison to other methods of excavation, blast method has many merits such as improvement in efficiency in operation, reducement of operation period, and etc. However, blast operation also creates much loss due to the blast vibration, noise, and fly rocks. Thus, in this study, we have examined main features, rock fragmentation effect and the application of plasma method the one of shallow vibration method. In this study, the attenuation exponent of blast method operated in the site was 1.39~1.40 and that of the plasma method was analysed to be 1.45~2.23. From the location where the distance between excavation location and observation location was over 15 m, most of excavation vibration were measured to be less than 0.2 kine(cm/sec), which is also the allowed standard value of sensitive buildings, such as cultural assets and computer facilities. According to the result of FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) analysis, the frequency measured through blast method in this site was 30~50 Hz and the frequency of plasma method ranges in between 30~130 Hz.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.130-138
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• 2004

The demolition works of high building in korea are expecting to increase rapidly in the near future, and its general demolition methods can be divided into mechanical demolition method and explosive demolition method. The selection of the right demolition method relies on many variable elements according to environmental and geographical elements. But, generally, the most important element of those is a economical profit. Accordingly, This study estimates each demolition cost dividing into mechanical demolition method and explosive demolition method of high building in city. And the estimating of the demolition cost makes it possible to do comparative analysis for the economical efficiency of each method more objectively than any other selective elements. Also, the analysis for the economical efficiency helps to forecast the activated time of the explosive demolition method in domestic.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.235-240
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• 1997

터널발파는 벤치발파와 달리 일반적으로 심발발파, 주변공발파, 조절발파를 적용하는 최외곽공 발파로 나눌 수 있는데, 본 연구에서는 심발공법별 터널발파의 진동특성을 자유면의 수를 고려하여 해석하였다. 또한 터널발파의 발파효율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 심발발파 발파공들간의 지연지차를 서로 달리하면서 시험발파를 수행하였다. 국내 고속전철 건설현장의 터널발파시 측정한 진동속도의 파형분석결과 1자유면 발파인 심발발파시 발생하는 발파진동이 2자유면 발파인 주변공 발파시 발생하는 발파진동보다 30% 이상 더 크게 나타났고, 조절발파용 화약을 사용한 최외곽공 발파의 경우는 주변공발파보다 20% 정도 작은 진동속도를 나타내었다. 심발공법별 비교에서는 SUPEX-Cut의 경우가 국내에서 가장 널리 사용되는 V-Cut에 비해 20-30% 정도 더 작은 진동속도를 나타내었다. 또한 심발공들을 동시에 발파한 경우와 각 발파공의 시차를 서로 다르게 한 경우의 심발 시험발파 결과를 분석한 결과, 발파공간의 발파시차를 60msec 이상으로 하였을 때, 각 발파공의 발파시 발생한 진동이 서로 중첩되는 것을 방지할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.