• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2013

The concept of extraction in orthodontic treatment has been changed many times. Even today, criteria of extraction or nonextraction is still changing. In this study, changes depending on the evaluator's perception of treatment outcomes were compared in both extraction and nonextraction cases. In this study, premolar extracted 59 patients and nonextracted 60 patients, totally 119 patients who finished orthodontic treatment in Dankook University Dental Hospital orthodontic clinic were enrolled. Evaluation sections made up of specialists and laypersons assessed soft tissue traced from lateral cephalometric radiographs with visual analogue scale before and after the treatment. And the results were statistically analyzed. Thus, the conclusions drawn are as follows: 1. Average score is 5.76 in extraction, which is larger than 5.28 of nonextraction case. Improvement of facial profile was more favorably accepted in extraction case. 2. 5.875 in the group of specialists were higher evaluation than 5.165 in the group of layperson. 3. Specialists gave significantly higher ratings in the extraction than nonextraction. 4. A higher rating in extraction case of the layperson group has no significant difference with nonextraction case. 5. Nonextraction patients were given higher ratings from specialist group. 6. A higher rating of specialist group in extraction case has no significant difference with layperson group.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2017

수의치과 임상에서 대부분 발치기구로는 발치포셉과 엘리베이터만 가지고 발치를 하였습니다. 발치포셉과 엘리베이터의 종류를 늘리는 것보다 럭세이터, 루트익스트렉팅포셉, 루트피커, 페리오톰, canine luxator를 구비해서 각각의 용도에 맞추어 기구를 사용해야한다는 것이 키포인트입니다. 아울러 치주인대의 2/3를 럭세이터, 페리오돔, canine luxator로 제거하고${\ldots}$ 엘리베이터를 이용해서 견인하고, 치아를 살짝 집어서 빼주는 것은 발치포셉의 역할임을 잊지말고, 루트가 부러졌을때는 루트피커와 루트익스트렉팅포셉을 이용하는것이 팁입니다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.1 s.120
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the influences of extraction and nonextraction treatment on smile esthetics by measuring dental arch width changes. Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment study models of 30 first premolar extraction cases and 30 nonextraction cases were randomly selected to determine whether extraction treatment results in narrow dental arches, and a consequent unaesthetic smile. Arch widths were measured from the cusp tips of the canines and the first molars. Posterior arch widths were also measured at a constant arch depth derived by averaging randomly chosen nonextraction models. Results: The intercanine widths increased significantly in the extraction sample, whereas the intermolar widths decreased significantly. The arch width at a standardized arch depth was significantly wider in the extraction subjects. Conclusion: These results elucidate that constriction in arch width is not a materialized consequence of extraction treatment. It leads to postulate that an esthetically compromising effect from narrow dental arches on smile is hardly anticipated with extraction treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.5 s.64
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• pp.761-770
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• 1997

71 Class I malocclusion samples were selected and they were divided into premolar-extraction and non-extraction groups. Vertical and horizontal cephalometric evaluations on dental and soft tissue measurements were done before and after treatment. Also, treatment results in adolescent patients and adult patients were compared. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups, all the dental and soft tissue measurements, with exception of SN-MP angle, upper lip to E-line, vertical movement of upper first molar, md horizontal movement of lower first molar, showed statistically significant differences. 2. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups of adolescent samples, there were statistically significant differences in upper and lower incisor inclinations, horizontal dental movements from vertical reference line, positional changes in upper and lower lips, and mesial movements of upper first molar. 3. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups of adult samples, there were statistically significant differences in upper and lower incisor inclinations, horizontal dental movements from vertical reference line, positional changes in upper and lower lips from I-line and vertical reference line, vertical height of upper first molar, and mesial movement of lower first molar. 4. There was no statistically significant difference in SN-MP angle between extraction and non-extraction groups of both adolescent and adult samples.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-42
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• 2012

심미 영역에서 발치후 즉시 식립시 가장 기본이 되는 성공의 핵심 요소는, 발치후 발치와 리모델링에 대한 생물학적 이해와 3차원적으로 정확한 임플란트의 식립 위치다. 그에 더해서, 상악 측절치 부위는 중절치나 견치 부위와 다른 해부학적 특성을 갖고 있고 이는 발치후 즉시 식립을 할 때 치료법을 결정하고 좋은 결과를 얻는데 있어 매우 중요한 고려 요소가 된다. 순측 치조골의 함몰 정도, 인접 상악 전치 치근의 수렴 정도, 크라운-치근이 이루는 각도와 치조골 프로파일 이 세가지를 치료 전에 잘 평가하고 치료 전략을 세운다면 심미적으로 우수한 좋은 결과를 얻는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.1 s.84
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

The extraction lot orthodontic treatment can be adopted for aligning crowded dentition, improving facial esthetics and solving a skeletal discrepancy as alternative for a surgical option. Mandibular second premolar extraction was often selected as treatment plan when there we very little or no space shortage in lower arch or limited retraction of the lower incisors was required. The primary object of this study was evaluate a pretreatment condition and examine the amount of tooth movement ior a mandibular second premolar extraction in growing patients. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 14 cases that had their four first premolar extracted (4/4 group), 15 cases with upper first and lower second premolar extraction (4/5 group) were selected. Structural method superimposition was conducted to evaluate a difference of dental change between 4/4 and 4/5 group. The results were as follows, 1. Pretreatment factor for 4/4 extraction or 4/5 extraction choice included maxillary incisor axis to occlusal plane, Class II molar relationship, IMPA and interincisal angle. 2. The amount of molar anterior movement in 4/5 group was greater than that of 4/4 group(p<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference between 4/4 group and 4/5 group in aspects of maxillary tooth movement(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.4-12
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• 2021

Immediate implantation is widely applied as it is recognized as a useful implant treatment in dental clinic due to its various advantages as well as being able to shorten the treatment period. Immediate implant treatment was performed on 5 patients who needed extraction of the mandibular first molar for various reasons, shortening the overall treatment period, and obtaining satisfactory results. Immediate implantation after extraction is a high-level treatment that requires proper initial fixation at the exact location of the extraction socket and the surrounding soft tissues, but is considered to be a clinically very useful prosthetic restoration method

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.6 s.65
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• pp.905-916
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• 1997

The purpose of this investigation were to evaluate facial vortical changes occurring in patients treated orthodontically with first premolar, second remolar and second molar extractions : to compare these changes with those occurring in patients treated orthodontically without extractions : and finally, to evaluate the effects of extractions in facial vortical changes. Cephalometric records of 50 male & female nonextraction patients and 88 male & female extraction patients were obtained from the department of orthodontics at Chosun University, College of Dentistry. The second molar fully erupted pPatients to have little variation according to growth were chosen as the sample for this investigation. For comparisons, the samples of 88 male & female extraction patients were subdivided into 42 first premolar extraction, 24 second premolar extraction, and 22 second molar extraction patients. Fourteen cephalometric measurements were selected to examine whether orthodontic extraction treatment led to vertical changes or not. The pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalographs were taken on the same radiographic unit. $SPSS/PC^+$ statistical program was used to compare and to analyze the changes between 'before & after' orthodontic treatment. The results of this study were as follows. 1. There were no statistical significances in any cephalometric measurements between 'before & after' orthodontic treatment regardless of orthodontic extractions for each group. 2. On average, the upper 6 to palatal Plane and the lower 6 to mandibular plane after orthodontic treatment were increased in all group. This means most of orthodontic mechanics are extrusive in nature. Especially, in orthodontic extraction. cases, it may be caused by orthodontic mechanics for space closure and alignments. 3. On average, in the second molar extraction group, the facial vertical dimension was increased after orthodontic treatment. It nay be induced as a result of moving the molars distally to gain enough space to correct the molar relationship and to simultaneously improve the deep bite. 4. There was no statistical significance between orthodontic extractions and facial vertical changes. This means that orthodontic extractions have no influence on facial vortical changes. 5. The cephalometric measurements with statistical significance in ficial vertical changes for each group were PP-MP, Op-MP, $\underline{1}$ to PP and $\overline{1}$ to MP.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.1 s.108
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• pp.23-34
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• 2005

Collective changes caused by orthodontic tooth movement evaluated in a specific treatment modality could give suggestive information on the specific treatment strategy. The aim of this study was to investigate retrospectively the characteristics of the orthodontic tooth movement during surgical-orthodontic treatment in order to provide an effective presurgical orthodontic treatment planning for the maxillary premolar extraction modality In the skeletal Class III malocclusion patient. Pre- and post-treatment dental casts of skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with nonextraction (N=:24) and the maxillary premolar extraction (N=31) were collected. The angulation and inclination measuring gauge(Invisitech Co. Seoul, Korea) was used to evaluate the orthodontic tooth movement. The changes in the maxillary and mandibular dental arch widths were also measured from the canines to the second molars. As a result, more palatal inclination change in the maxillary dentition was found with the premolar extraction modality than with the nonextraction modality. Linear regression analysis showed that the inter-arch width coordination was mainly due to the inclination changes of maxillary posterior teeth We conclude that the indications and proper treatment planning for surgical-orthodontic treatment in skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary premolar extraction could depend partly on the magnitude of the transverse inter-arch coordination especially in the maxillary dentition.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.3 s.68
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• pp.343-351
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pretreatment and posttreatment dentofacial characteristics of non-extraction patients with Class I malocclusion. And to compare this result with matched non-orthodontic normal occlusion and Class I premolar extraction patients. Such comparison might help identify morphologic characteristics of the non-extraction patients. Initial and final cephalometric evaluation were compared in a sample of 22 patients with Class I malocclusions treated in non-extraction manner with edgewise appliance and MEAW The mean age of the total population was 14 years 9 months and the average treatment time was 2 years 8 months. 32 landmarks were located and digitized on each cephalogram. From these landmarks, 24 linear and angular dimension were obtained. Student's t-test were used to compare the pretreatment - posttreatment results, Nonextraction - Normal groups, and nonextraction Extraction groups. Significance was predetermined at $p{\leq}0.05$. The results were as follows. 1. Before treatment, the mean value of the $ODI\;was\;69.9^{\circ},\;APDI\;was\;82.1^{\circ},\;CF\;was\;152^{\circ},\;EI\;was\;152^{\circ}$ in the non-extraction groups. 2. The skeletal pattern of the non-extraction groups were similar with non-orthodontic normal groupsr, but the non-extraction groups had larger interincisal angle. 3. Comparison between groups treated with and without extraction indicated at pretreatment, the extraction groups had more protrusive lips, smaller interincisal angle, and EI. 4. After treatment, there was no significant changes in the skeletal pattern of the non-extraction groups, but uprighting of the maxillary and mandibular first molar and decrease of the interincisal angle were seen.