• Title/Summary/Keyword: 발음사전

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A Study on Creation of Hangeu-Romanization Conversion Table Using Petri-Nets (페트리넷을 이용한 한글-로마자 표기 변환표 생성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kyung-Jing;Choi, Young-Kyoo;Rhee, Sang-Burm
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.9B no.6
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    • pp.827-834
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, we proposed the formation of Korean-Roman alphabet notation conversion table for the generation of Korean-Roman alphabet notation that also meets revised Roman alphabet notation. Introduced a mathematical analyzing method of the natural language which used a petrinet model so that a base of Roman alphabet notation analyzed standard pronunciation and Roman alphabet notation to work mathematically. It display the practical example through a petrinet modeling of a plan and Roman alphabet notation to create a Korean Roman alphabet notation conversion table with the method of the analysis that used a petrinet model, and present a mathematical modeling plan and application method of Korean. We developed application program based on window in order to verify a created Korean-Roman alphabet notation conversion table, and compared the result of an application program with Roman alphabet notation of an Roman alphabet notation example dictionary.

Automatic Generation of Concatenate Morphemes for Korean LVCSR (대어휘 연속음성 인식을 위한 결합형태소 자동생성)

  • 박영희;정민화
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.407-414
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, we present a method that automatically generates concatenate morpheme based language models to improve the performance of Korean large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. The focus was brought into improvement against recognition errors of monosyllable morphemes that occupy 54% of the training text corpus and more frequently mis-recognized. Knowledge-based method using POS patterns has disadvantages such as the difficulty in making rules and producing many low frequency concatenate morphemes. Proposed method automatically selects morpheme-pairs from training text data based on measures such as frequency, mutual information, and unigram log likelihood. Experiment was performed using 7M-morpheme text corpus and 20K-morpheme lexicon. The frequency measure with constraint on the number of morphemes used for concatenation produces the best result of reducing monosyllables from 54% to 30%, bigram perplexity from 117.9 to 97.3. and MER from 21.3% to 17.6%.

A Study on Improving Speech Recognition Rate (H/W, S/W) of Speech Impairment by Neurological Injury (신경학적 손상에 의한 언어장애인 음성 인식률 개선(H/W, S/W)에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Hyung-keun;Kim, Soon-hub;Yang, Ki-Woong
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.23 no.11
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    • pp.1397-1406
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    • 2019
  • In everyday mobile phone calls between the disabled and non-disabled people due to neurological impairment, the communication accuracy is often hindered by combining the accuracy of pronunciation due to the neurological impairment and the pronunciation features of the disabled. In order to improve this problem, the limiting method is MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems), which includes an induction line that artificially corrects difficult vocalization according to the oral characteristics of the language impaired by improving the word of out of vocabulary. mechanical System) Microphone device improvement. S/W improvement is decision tree with invert function, and improved matrix-vector rnn method is proposed considering continuous word characteristics. Considering the characteristics of H/W and S/W, a similar dictionary was created, contributing to the improvement of speech intelligibility for smooth communication.

Effects of Oral Exercise on Oral Function and Denture Satisfaction of the Elderly (구강기능향상운동과 노인의 구강기능 및 의치만족도와의 관련성)

  • Kim, Ju-Young;Moon, Won-Suk;Lee, Kyeong-Soo;Hwang, Tae-Yoon
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.158-170
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    • 2015
  • Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of oral exercise on oral function and denture satisfaction of the elderly using dentures. Methods: The study was conducted with targets of the elderly in the 13 senior community centers in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do from September 2013 to April 2014. The study subjects were divided into two groups, the intervention group provided with 8 week oral exercise program and the control group without exercise. The data on oral function, denture satisfaction and oral health related quality of life (OHIP-14) were analyzed among the 79 subjects from the intervention group and the 71 subjects from the control group. Results: For oral function, salivary flow rate, mouth opening, pronunciation and salty taste were significantly improved in the intervention group (p<0.01). There were significant differences in salivary flow rate, mouth opening, pronunciation and salty taste between the two groups (p<0.01). For denture satisfaction, there were significant differences in masticatory function, fixing function, general treatment satisfaction and total denture satisfaction between the two groups (p<0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in the total points of oral health related quality of life. Conclusion: Oral exercise was effective in improving oral function and denture satisfaction of the elderly using dentures. To improve oral health related quality of life of the elderly further researches and programs will be necessary.

Perception and Production of English Grapheme <a> by Korean Students (한국 학생들의 영어 철자 <a> 인지와 발화)

Training Effect on the Perception and Production of English Grapheme by Korean Learners of English (한국 학생들의 영어 철자 인지와 발화에 대한 훈련효과)

  • Cho, Mi-Hui
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.19 no.11
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    • pp.226-233
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    • 2019
  • Given that English grapheme is realized as five different American English vowels [ʌ, ju, ʊ, u, ə], the purpose of the current study is to examine Korean learners' perception and production of English grapheme and training effect on words with . Thus, the current study conducted pretest, training, and posttest for 31 Korean university students on 24 English words with . The overall results showed that the participants' perception and production accuracy was significantly improved in the posttest, thus indicating training effect on both perception and production. However, it was not the case that all five different vowels demonstrated training effect. In perception the accuracy rates of [ʌ], [ju], and [ə] were improved after training whereas those of [ʊ] and [u] were not. In production [ʌ], [ʊ], and [u] did not show training effect. These results indicate that the Korean participants had difficulty distinguishing between tense [u] and lax [ʊ] both in perception and production. In particular, the Korean participants tended to replace lax [ʊ] with tense [u] in production. This is because tense [u] is the best match to Korean [u] in acoustic measurements, so that tense [u] is easy for the Korean participants to pronounce than lax [ʊ]. Also, English [ʌ] tended to be mispronounced as [u]-quality vowels such as [u] and [ju], which is due to the spelling . The Korean participants also showed errors which insert [j] after alveolars [t, d, n, s], which runs against yod-dropping in American English. They also deleted [j] after labials and velars, which is due to the absence of orthography in the target words. Finally, pedagogical implications were discussed based on the findings of the current study.

고추(번초(番椒), 고초(苦椒))의 어원(語源)연구

  • Kim, Jong-Deok;Go, Byeong-Hui
    • The Journal of Korean Medical History
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.147-167
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    • 1999
  • 1. 연구 목적 한국의학사(韓國醫學史)의 한 분야인 식품사(食品史) 및 약물사(藥物史)는 미개척분야라 해도 과언은 아닐 정도로 연구 업적이 부족하다. 특히 식물명칭에 대한 정리는 기초학문이지만 방치되어진 것도 부인할 수 없다. 따라서 본고는 식품문화사(食品文化史)를 정리하는 과정중의 일환으로 고추의 어원(語源)을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 식품사(食品史) 연구에 도움이 되는 동시에 체질식이요법을 강조하는 사상의학(四象醫學)의 식품 분류에 대한 학술적 근거를 제시하는 계기로 삼고자 한다. 1493년 콜럼버스에 의해 알려진 고추는 우리 나라에 들어와 천초(川椒)대신 사용됨으로서 현재 중요한 양념이 되었다. 이에 고추의 도입과정과 호칭변화를 살펴봄으로서 현재 사전류에서 잘못 서술되고 있는 것을 시정하고, 고추가 도입된 이래 우리가 어떻게 이해하고 응용하였는 지에 대하여 문헌고찰을 통하여 의학사적(醫學史的) 입장으로 정리하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 2. 연구 방법 "산림경제(山林經濟)"(1715), "임원경제지(林園經濟志)"(1827)같은 농서(農書), "물명고(物名考)"(1830), "오주연문장전산고(五洲衍文長箋散稿)"(1850) 같은 유서(類書), "훈몽자회(訓蒙字會)"(1527), "신증유합(新增類合)"(1574)같은 사전류, "지봉유설(芝峰類說)"(1614), "성호사설(星湖僿說)"(1763)같은 문집류, "흠정수시통고(欽定授時通考)"(1737), "본초강목습유(本草綱目拾遺)"(1765)같은 중국본초서(中國本草書) 등과 국내의서 등 을 통하여 고추에 대한 문헌정리를 시도하였다. 3. 연구 결과 고추가 도입된 이래 남만초(南蠻椒), 남초(南椒), 번초(番椒), 왜초(倭椒), 왜고초(倭苦椒), 왜개자(倭芥子), 고초(苦椒), 랄가(辣茄), 고쵸, 등으로 표기되어 왔다. 하지만 고추가 도입되기 전에 출간된 "구급간이방(救急簡易方)"(1489)에 '초(椒) 고쵸, 죠피'라는 기록이 나온다. 이는 천초(川椒)(초피나무)를 의미하는 '고쵸'로 보아야 한다. 후에 고추가 도입됨에 따라 의미가 변하여 고추를 의미하게 되는데 이를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현존하는 문헌 중 고추에 대한 최고기록인 "지봉유설(芝峰類說)"(1614)에 근거하여 고추(남만초(南蠻椒))는 임진왜란때 일본에서 도입되었다는 것이 정설이었다. 하지만 임진왜란 이전에 일본을 통하여 고추가 도입되었고 이의 개량종을 오히려 임진왜란때 일본으로 전해주었을 가능성이 높다. 둘째, 현재 대부분의 사전류에서 "훈몽자회(訓蒙字會)"(1527)의 '고쵸 쵸(초(椒))'를 고추에 대한 최초의 어원으로 보고 있으나 이는 잘못된 것이다. "훈몽자회(訓蒙字會)"의 '고쵸(초(椒))'는 고추가 아닌 매운 열매의 총칭으로 호초(胡椒), 천초(川椒), 진초(秦椒)를 의미한다. 이는 "구급간이방(救急簡易方)"(1489)의 천초(川椒)를 의미하는 '초(椒) 고쵸'에서도 확인할 수 있다. 셋째, 현재 대부분의 사전류에서 고추의 한문표기가 고초(苦草)로 되어 있으나 고초(苦椒)로 정정되어져야 한다. 초(草)(상성(上聲))와 초(椒)(평성(平聲))는 발음은 같지만 성조(聲調)가 다르며, 또한 "본사(本史)"(1787)에 고초(苦椒)와 고초(苦草)는 서로 다른 식물로 기록되어 있다. 넷째, 고초(苦椒)는 '고쵸'라는 우리말에 맞추어 만든 국자(國字)로 고추가 천초(川椒)와 비슷하지만 맵고 쓰다라는 뜻으로 사용된 것이다. 다섯째, 맵고 뜨거운 성질이 있는 고추는 냉증(冷症)을 유발시킬 수 있는 냉성(冷性)야채를 중화(中和)시키는 작용을 한다. 여섯째, 고추는 소음인 식품의 경향성을 띈 훈채류에 속한다.

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Optimizing Multiple Pronunciation Dictionary Based on a Confusability Measure for Non-native Speech Recognition (타언어권 화자 음성 인식을 위한 혼잡도에 기반한 다중발음사전의 최적화 기법)

  • Kim, Min-A;Oh, Yoo-Rhee;Kim, Hong-Kook;Lee, Yeon-Woo;Cho, Sung-Eui;Lee, Seong-Ro
    • MALSORI
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    • no.65
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    • pp.93-103
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing a multiple pronunciation dictionary used for modeling pronunciation variations of non-native speech. The proposed method removes some confusable pronunciation variants in the dictionary, resulting in a reduced dictionary size and less decoding time for automatic speech recognition (ASR). To this end, a confusability measure is first defined based on the Levenshtein distance between two different pronunciation variants. Then, the number of phonemes for each pronunciation variant is incorporated into the confusability measure to compensate for ASR errors due to words of a shorter length. We investigate the effect of the proposed method on ASR performance, where Korean is selected as the target language and Korean utterances spoken by Chinese native speakers are considered as non-native speech. It is shown from the experiments that an ASR system using the multiple pronunciation dictionary optimized by the proposed method can provide a relative average word error rate reduction of 6.25%, with 11.67% less ASR decoding time, as compared with that using a multiple pronunciation dictionary without the optimization.

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Korean Spacing System for Continuous Speech Characters (연속 음성 문자열에 대한 한국어 띄어쓰기 시스템)

  • Kim, Kye-Sung;Lee, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Sung-Kyu;Choi, Jae-Hyuk;Lee, Sang-Jo
    • Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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    • 1998.10c
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    • pp.391-395
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    • 1998
  • 대용량의 연속된 음성을 인식하는 데에는 형태소 사이의 음운변동과 언절과 어절 사이의 불일치 등으로 인한 어려움이 따른다. 그러므로 언어학적인 지식을 이용한 자연어 처리 기술과의 결합이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 문장 단위의 연속 음성 문자열을 올바른 어절로 띄어주는 시스템을 제안한다. 먼저 띄어쓰기 발음열 사전을 이용하여 어절의 경계를 추정한다. 이 때 보다 정확한 띄어쓰기 위치를 추정하기 위하여 2음절 이상의 최장 조사 어미와 음절 분리가능빈도가 이용된다. 이렇게 해서 분리된 어절들은 음절 복원기를 거친 뒤, 형태소 분석을 행하여 올바른 어절인지를 검사한다. 분석에 실패한 어절은 띄어쓰기 오류 유형에 따라 교정을 한 후 형태소 분석을 재시도한다. 제안한 시스템을 테스트해 본 결과 96.8%의 정확도를 보였다. 본 시스템은 음운 변동 처리기와 함께 말소리를 음성 그대로 인식하는 인식기의 후처리로 이용할 수 있을 것이다.

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A quantitative study on the minimal pair of Korean phonemes: Focused on syllable-initial consonants (한국어 음소 최소대립쌍의 계량언어학적 연구: 초성 자음을 중심으로)

  • Jung, Jieun
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.29-40
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    • 2019
  • The paper investigates the minimal pair of Korean phonemes quantitatively. To achieve this goal, I calculated the number of consonant minimal pairs in the syllable-initial position as both raw counts and relative counts, and analyzed the part of speech relations of the two words in the minimal pair. "Urimalsaem" was chosen as the object of this study because it was judged that the minimal pair analysis should be done through a dictionary and it is the largest among Korean dictionaries. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, there were 153 types of minimal pairs out of 337,135 examples. The ranking of phoneme pairs from highest to lowest was 'ㅅ-ㅈ, ㄱ-ㅅ, ㄱ-ㅈ, ㄱ-ㅂ, ㄱ-ㅎ, ${\ldots}$, ㅆ-ㅋ, ㄸ-ㅋ, ㅉ-ㅋ, ㄹ-ㅃ, ㅃ-ㅋ'. The phonemes that played a major role in the formation of the minimal pair were /ㄱ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅂ, ㅊ/, in that order, which showed a high proportion of palatals. The correlation between the raw count of minimal pairs and the relative count of minimal pairs was found to be quite high r=0.937. Second, 87.91% of the minimal pairs shared the part of speech (same syntactic category). The most frequently observed type has been 'noun-noun' pair (70.25%), and 'vowel-vowel' pair (14.77%) was the next ranking. It can be indicated that the minimal pair could be grouped into similar categories in terms of semantics. The results of this study can be useful for various research in Korean linguistics, speech-language pathology, language education, language acquisition, speech synthesis, and artificial intelligence-machine learning as basic data related to Korean phonemes.


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