• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.104-124
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• 1992

형제수, 출산순위, 출산터울, 모성의 출산시 연령 등 가족형성 양상은 아동의 신체적 발육 성장 및 지능발달과 강한 관련성을 보여 왔음이 세계 여러나라 아동을 대상으로 수행된 연구에서 보고되었다. 본 연구는 형제수와 출산순위, 그리고 출산시 모성의 연령은 아동의 신체적 지능적 발달과는 역상관관계를, 출산터울의 길이는 순상관관계를 나타낼 것이라는 가설을 증명하고자 1984년 한국중학생 1,2,3학년 약 46,000명을 대상으로 수행되었다. 지역별 그리고 사회경제적 상태별 비교를 위하여 서울시 고소득층이 주로 거주하는 학구내의 중학교와 저소득층이 거주하는 학구내 중학교 각각 5개를 선정하고 강원도내 전형적 농촌의 중학교 12개를 선정하여 신장, 체중, 좌고, 혈구용적 지능지수를 측정하였다. 이들 측정치들의 평균은 학부모와 담임선생님의 도움으로 작성된 가족형성 변수별로 비교되었으며 다중 희귀분석과 부분상관분석으로 연관성의 통계적 유의성을 검정하였다. 동일연령의 신체적 발육성장 지표들은 도시의 고소득지역 아동들이 가장 우수했으며 다음이 도시저소득 지역 아동이었고 농촌아동이 가장 빈약하였다. 남녀별 신체적 발육지표들의 차이는 연령이 많을수록 더 현저했으며 연령별 지역별 차이는 남학생에게서 더 두드러졌다. 평균 지능지수는 도시고소득지역 남학생들이 월등히 높아 114.8인데 비해 도시저소득지역 남학생들은 106.1, 그리고 농촌 남학생들은 105.3이었다. 남학생보다는 여학생의 지능지수가 낮았는데 이것은 대만 아동들도 여학생이 모든 연령에서 남학생보다 낮았다는 보고와 일치하였다. 한편 도시저소득지역과 농총지역 학생들은 남녀모두 평균지능지수가 비슷하였다. 가족형성변수들은 혼란변수들은 모든 제어했을 경우에도 아동들의 신체적 지능적 발달에 독립적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 발육지표중에 지능지수와 형제수가 가장 가족형성 변수들과의 연관성이 강했다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.937-941
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• 2010

This study investigated the effect of global warming on full bloom date (FBD) of 'Niitaka' pear ($Pyrus$ $pyrifolia$ Nakai) tree by calculating the development stage index by hourly temperatures recorded at Pear Research Station, estimating the distribution of average FBD and the change of FBD according to temperature rising by integrating development rate at 67 locations in Korea Meteorological Administration site. Development stage index of 'Niitaka' pear tree was 0.9593 at Naju location. Differences between full bloom dates observed at Cheonan region and predictions by development stage index were 0-7 days, and matched year was 35.3%. FBDs of 67 locations were distributed from April 4 to May 28. When yearly temperature was raised 1, 2, 3, 4, and $5^{\circ}C$ at 67 locations, predicted FBD was accelerated at most of the locations. However, FBD decelerated at south coast locations from $3^{\circ}C$ rise and did not bloom at 'Gosan', 'Seogwipo', and 'Jeju' locations from $4^{\circ}C$ rise. When monthly temperature was raised 1, 3, and $5^{\circ}C$ at 67 locations, predicted FBD was the most accelerated at March temperature rise, and followed by April, February, January and December. Therefore, global warming will cause acceleration of the full bloom date at pear production areas in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

The development of Aphis gossypii was studied at various constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 35$^{\circ}C$, with 60-70％ RH, and photoperiod of 16：8 (L：D h). Mortality of A. gossypii was high in the early developmental stages, and at high temperatures. The total immature developmental period ranged from 4.6 to 11.5 days. The lower developmental threshold temperature and effective cumulated temperature for all immature stages were 5.0$^{\circ}C$ and 106.8 degree-day, respective. The nonlinear shape of temperature-dependent development was well described by the modified Sharpe and DeMichele model. The normalized cumulative frequency distributions of developmental period for each life stage were fitted to the three-parameter Weibull function.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 1970

영유아 시기의 영양여하는 그 시기에 있어서 뿐만 아니라 일생을 통한 정신적 육체적 성장발육 및 질병에 대한 저항력, 이환율과 사망율, 그리고 국민 평균여명에 까지도 영향을 미치는 것으로서 그 중요성은 잘 알려져 있는 사실이다. 저자들은 우리나라에 있어서 이유기를 전후한 식품 섭취양상을 엿보기 위하여 전국을 도시, 읍, 평야, 산간 및 섬 지역으로 나누어 만 3세 미만의 어린이 304명을 대상으로 봄과 가을 2회에 걸쳐 조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 7개월까지는 모두가 모유를 먹고 있었으며 1예는 우유를 먹고 있었다. 8개월 이후 17개월까지는 약 10%에서, 18개월에서 23개월 사이에는 약 50%가 이유를 끝냈으며 30개월과 35개월 사이에는 84%가 이유를 완료하고 있었다. 2. 모유를 18개월 까지는 하루 4회이상, 그리고 그 후 30개월까지도 2회 이상씩 계속 먹이다가 그 후 갑자기 그치고 있었다. 3. 적절한 유동식이나 보조식등의 이유식이 없이 일반 성인음식을 그대로 먹이고 있었으며 동물성 단백질이나 지방질 섭취는 적었고 식물성 단백질음식도 묽은 국물 형태도 섭취하고 있었다. 4. 채소류와 멸치등은 쉽게 구할 수 있음에도 불구하고 충분히 보급받지 못하고 있었다. 5. 체중 및 신장의 신체계측에 의한 발육상태는 6개월 내지 12개월 경부터 뒤지기 시작하여 그후 계속발육지연을 보여주고 있었다. 6. 심한 단백 ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$ 영양실조증 환자가 1예 있었으며 다른 1예는 영양소모증 환자였다. 7. 상완위 측정결과는 3개월 이하의 남아를 제외하고는 모두가 충분한 크기에 달하지는 못했다. 8. 영양결핍양상을 신장에서는 지수 1이 5.9%, 체중에서는 지수 1이 8.9%, 2가 1.3%, 4가 1.0%로서 체중 전체로는 11.2%였고, 상박위에 있어서는 지수 2,3,4 가 도합 8.9%였다. 9. 1-3세의 유아 사망률은 12.3%였고 이유기 설사발병율이 19.7%였다. 이상의 결과로 우리나라 영육아들에 있어서 적절한 시기에 적절한 방법으로 이유를 실시하므로써 이 시기의 질병발생율 및 사망율의 저하를 가져올 수 있고 나아가서는 신체발육양상을 호전시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2000

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.581-590
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• 2008

Growth curves for ultrasonic carcass traits such as longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness and marbling score as well as chest girth which was simultaneously measured when carcass traits were investigated using ultrasound measuring technique were estimated to identify growth patterns and to adjust maturing effects in order to evaluating genetic merits on cows in farming basis. 27,410 records from 22,451 cows on which of 15~90 month of age were investigated from the national wide of Korea using by ultrasonic scanning techniques by the skilled persons from 2002 to 2007. Van Bertalanffy growth function was applied for estimating growth curves on these traits. Carcass traits and chest girth would be linearly increased by body condition score. It might be used for multiplicative correction factors for pre- adjustment on the body condition scores. Growth pattern on chest girth would be quickly reached to mature size and stable on after reached to asymptotic mature size. Longissimus muscle area would also be reached to mature size but little smoother than chest girth. Otherwise, growth curve on backfat thickness would be steadily increasing up to 7 years of age. It also showed large individual difference by way of mean square error. Marbling score would be steadily increased but sharper than those on backfat thickness. It would be reached to mature size up at 5 years of age. Those growth curves would be used for correcting function on age at investigating on genetic evaluation system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2003

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.4 s.137
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• pp.305-310
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• 2004

The development of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was studied at temperatures ranging from 15 to $32.5^{\circ}C$ under $70{\pm}5\%$ RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). Mortality of 1st-2nd nymph was higher than that of 3rd-4th nymph at the most temperature ranges whereas at high temperature of $32.5^{\circ}C$, more 3-4nymph stage individuals died. The total developmental time ranged from 12.4 days at $15^{\circ}C$ to 4.9 days at $27.5^{\circ}C$, suggesting that higher the temperature, faster the development. However, at higher end temperature ranges of 30 and $32.5^{\circ}C$, the development took 5.0 and 6.3 days, respectively. The lower developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperatures for the total immature stage were $4.9^{\circ}C$ and 116.5 day-degrees. The nonlinear shape of temperature related development was well described by the modified Sharpe and DeMichele model. When the normalized cumulative frequency distributions of developmental times for each life stage were fitted to the three-parameter Weibull function, attendance of shortened developmental times was apparent with pre-nymph, post-nymph, and total nymph stages in descending order. The coefficient of determination $r^2$ ranged between 0.87 and 0.94.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.39-47
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences among short statured children with growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic, and normal children in order to find the effect of growth hormone deficiency on tooth developmental stage. We classified children diagnosed with short stature at the Pediatrics in Yeungnam University Hospital as subjects due to idiopathic and growth hormone deficiency. We analyzed the relationship between short stature and tooth development through the measuring of oral panorama and body index. Only the eruption of lateral incisors showed significant difference between short statured with growth hormone deficiency and idiopathic. Almost all tooth eruption was significantly delayed on short statured children with growth hormone deficiency compared to average group. In conclusion, short stature children with either growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic were affected not only in their somatic stature but also dental maturity. We look forward to this study presenting basic data for orthodontic therapy.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the winter ecology of the green leafhopper(GLH), Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler, in Milyang, south-eastern part of Korea from early December to early April during 1990 to 1992. The instar distribution in the overwinteing GLH population collected in December 5th was most of 4th instar 77% to 79% followed by 3rd instar 15% to 17% and 5th instar 3%. These instar distribution rate in the overwintering GLH was changed with collecting dates during overwintering periods of the GLH. Among the GLH population collected, as a result, the distribution rate of the 5th instar was significantly increased in February 20th and was most of 5th instar 70% to 71% in March 19th and was adult 47% to 50% in April 8th. During two overwintering periods of the GLH, the averaged instars converted the instar distribution of the overwintering GLH into the numerical values were 3.91 and 3.86 instar in December 5th, 4.11 and 4.07 instar in February 20th, 4.75 and 4.79 instar in March 19th and 5.42 and 5.45 instar in April 8th respectively. In addition to, the developmental index between pre-collected date and post-collected date of the overwintering GLH was roughly more than 1.0 value. It means that the overwintering GLH was developed without cease though the development was very slow and deponded upon air temperature. The overwintering GLH population were significantly more collected at the levee than at the barley field.