• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 1982

The objective of this study was to test germinability of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties at low temperatures. Seeds of III sesame varieties representing different maturity groups and countries were tested at four different temperatures between $10^{\circ}C$ and $16^{\circ}C$. Average germination percentages of III varieties were 92%, 57% and 3.3% at $16^{\circ}C, 14{\circ}C$ and $12^{\circ}C$.respectively. The highest daily germination percentage was observed after 4 days of incubation at $16^{\circ}C$, while it was after 8 days at $14^{\circ}C$. A regression analysis indicated that $15^{\circ}C$ as the minimum temperature for satisfactory germination in field conditions. In general, Korean local collections had better germinability than introduced varieties from 6 countries at different latitudes. 'San dong', a Korean local cultivar. showed the highest germination percentage (24%) at $12^{\circ}C$ when the average germination percentage of all varieties was as low as $3.3^{\circ}C$. Early maturity varieties germinated better at $12^{\circ}C$ and $14^{\circ}C$ than medium or late maturity groups, but no difference was observed at $16^{\circ}C$. Although larger seeds showed better germinability within a variety, there seems to be no relationship between seed size and germinability in sesame.in sesame.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2013

Seed coat of hairy vetch is very thick and hard, and difficult to absorb water during germination. It requires much time that cotyledon comes out from seed coat. Therefore this experiment was carried out to increase the germination rate by enhancing water absorption through water-soaking of seed, chemical scarification by sulfuric acid, and mechanical scarification on seed coat. Water-soaking for 5 hours seemed to be highly effective in enhancing germination rate. Although not significant, water-soaking resulted in increase of germination rate by 9%. Effect of soaking temperature was not significant, but early germination rate was increased to be 5.0%, 31.7% and 48.3% at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Mechanical scarification of seed coat led to a germination rate of 97% whereas intact seed showed that of 65%. Chemical scarification by sulfuric acid for 10min, 20min and 30min resulted in a germination rate of 76.7%, 74.7% and 96.0% respectively. It is clear that scarification increased germination rate.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2023

This study was conducted to develop a mass production for a commercial use by germination of 4 kinds of Veronica glabrifolia Kitag., V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee, V. glabrifolia Kitag. × V. Spicata 'Alba' and V. spicata 'Ulster Blue Dwarf × V. longifolia. Veronica L. Effects of dipping time to a disinfecting fluid, light quality, temperature or vermiculite depth on the germination of Veronica L. were examined. Germination percentage in a disinfecting fluid for 120 minutes dipping was the 75.1% for V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee, and was some higher in 60 minutes dipping for all the species, but there was no significant difference according to the dipping time. The germination of the light quality was the best in complex light (red light + blue light) as the germination 92.8%, uniformity 2.3 in Veronica glabrifolia Kitag., or the germination 85.9%, uniformity 3.5 in V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee. And the germination percentage of red light was ranged from 79.1% to 95,5%, the blue light was 83.1% to 100% in the all species. However the germination in the dark condition significantly lowered as a 40.0% to 56.3% or uniformity from 5.2 to 6.5. Like this, the germination of blue light was better compare to the red light. The germination rate according to temperature was higher at 25℃ day/20℃ night ranged from 92.1% to 100%, or at 20℃ day/15℃ night as a 85.5% to 98.9% in the all species, compare to constant temperature 25℃ as a 80.9% in V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee. The germination rate of vermiculite depth was higher in 1 to 2mm ranged from 83.4% to 100%, however when the vermiculite was covered with 4mm, the germination rate significantly decreased from 45.2% to 72.1% and the hypocotyl length became longer above 3cm than that of others.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 1998

To investigate the hormetic effects of the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation on the germination rate, Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L. cv. Eunchun and cv. Sukchangwoidae) seeds were irradiated at the dose of $0.5\;{\sim}24.0$ Gy with the ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation (Co-60). The germination rate of 'Eunchun' cultivar increased about 10% in the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation group compared with that of the control. In the 'Sukchangwoidae' cultivar, the germination rate of the 4 Gy irradiation group increased 40% more than that of the control. Broadly, it seemed that the hormetic effects of the low-dose ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation were taken more promisingly in the uncultivated soil than in the fertile soil. The germination rate from the paper towel and filter paper based cultivation increased 10% and 16% more, respectively, in the 1 Gy irradiation group than that in the control group. And the electric conductivities of the above groups supposed to be taken hormetic effects of the ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation were lower than those of the control group. From the above results, it is suggested that the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation ranged from 1 Gy to 10 Gy could have the hormetic effects on the germination rate related characters in Welsh onion seeds.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2018

본 연구는 4종의 산야초 추출물(개느삼, 엄나무, 참취, 60가지 산야초혼합 - 모두 원 식물재료를 설탕과 혼합하여 추출한 발효추출물을 15년 숙성시킨 원액의 3% 수용액으로 처리)과 8종의 허브 정유(베르가모트, 클라리세이지, 휀넬, 제라니움, 마조람, 타임, 로즈우드, 스페어민트 원액의 0.3% 농도로 처리) 및 2종의 호르몬(지베렐린, 카이네틴, 0.3%)을 2종의 보리종자(1998년산 새올보리, 2016년산 찰쌀보리) 발아율 향상에 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 특히 새올보리 묵은 종자의 발아력 증진에 효과가 있는지 알아볼 목적으로 수행하였다. 묵은 종자 새올보리의 무처리구에서 8%와 43%의 낮은 발아세와 발아율을 보인 반면, 산야초 추출물 처리구에서 84~93%와 86~100%의 높은 발아세와 발아율을 보였다. 호르몬처리구는 새올보리에서 발아세와 발아율은 각각 43~87%와 55~95%였다. 또한, 찰쌀보리의 경우 무처리의 발아세와 발아율은 각각 54%와 91%였다. 반면, 산야초 추출물 처리구에서 92~100%의 발아세와 95~100%의 높은 발아율을 보였고, 호르몬 처리구에서는 각각 77~85%와 87%의 발아세와 발아율을 보였다. 무처리(증류수)와 2종의 호르몬 및 8종의 허브 정유에 비해 산야초 추출물의 발아 증진 효과가 현저하게 높았다. 특히 냉장고($4^{\circ}C$)에서 20년 보관한 묵은 보리종자에 대해서도 유의한 발아율 향상을 보였다. 정유는 대체로 발아를 억제하는 것으로 나타나 잡초 종자에 대한 발아억제(제초제 대용) 가능성을 시사한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.465-467
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• 2007

애기장대에 납을 농도별로 처리하였을 때 식물의 생장과 종자 발아에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 환경부고시 오염물질 배출기준치를 기준 농도로 하고 이보다 10배 및 50배 높은 농도의 납을 각각 처리한 애기장대의 줄기생장을 조사한 결과 오염물질 배출기준 농도와 이보다 10배 높은 농도에서는 줄기 생장이 정상식물보다 약 18%정도 감소되었다. 또한 오염물질 배출기준 농도보다 50배 높은 농도를 처리한 식물에서는 정상식물보다 약 41% 줄기생장이 감소하였다. 3가지 농도의 납을 애기장대에 처리한 후 식물의 뿌리 생장을 조사한 결과 오염물질 배출기준농도를 처리한 식물의 뿌리 생장은 정상식물과 거의 유사하였으나 오염물질 배출기준농도의 10배 이상이 되면 뿌리 생장이 전혀 되지 않았다. 3가지 농도의 납을 처리한 배지에서 애기장대의 종자 발아율을 측정한 결과 오염물질 배출기준 농도와 이보다 10배 높은 농도를 처리한 배지에서는 종자 발아율이 100%로 나타나 정상배지에서의 발아율과 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 오염물질 배출기준 농도보다 50배 높은 농도를 처리한 배지에서는 발아율이 0%로 나타나 종자 발아가 전혀 되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 토양 속에 침적된 납은 애기장대의 생장과 종자 발아에 영향을 미치어 줄기 및 뿌리의 생장을 감소시켰으며, 또한 종자 발아에도 매우 치명적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2024

Green manure crops have a variety of benefits, including improving soil fertility, removing soil salinity, enhancing soil aeration and moisture regulation, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, reducing nitrous oxide emissions, reducing herbicide use through weed-suppressive effects, promoting agricultural ecosystem protection and carbon dioxide absorption capacity. To find ways to increase the germination rate of legumes and green manure crop seeds, which are imported in large quantities every year. It was carried out that two seed priming methods, osmotic priming and heat treatment, and compared their effects. Heat treatment was treated for 10 minutes at 40℃ or 60℃, followed by rinsing with water. Osmotic priming was applied for 30 seconds in a saline solution with a specific gravity of 1.13. Overall, there was no significant difference in the final germination rate, but it was found that osmotic priming and heat treatment affected the germination speed. However, applying heat treatment and osmotic priming simultaneously did not affect the germination characteristics. Therefore, it is suggested that heat treatment and osmotic priming can increase the germination speed of soybean and green manure crops.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS)-damaged grains of rice on seed viability, germination percentage and seedling emergence rate. As comparing the seed lots of same cultivar 'Hopum' with different PHS percentages, seed lot with 8% PHS (high PHS percentage) showed 30% lower germination than that with 1% PHS (low PHS percentage). The difference of seedling emergence rate and seed viability percentages between the two seed lots was consistent with that of germination percentage. PHS-damaged brown rice was observed protruded embryo, discolored endosperm and fungi infected grains. PHS grains were classified into two groups, PHS-I showing endosperm discoloration in one third of a grain and PHS-II in more than half of a grain. The seed lot with high PHS percentage had much more PHS-II grains than that of low PHS percentage. PHS-II grains showed remarkably lower germination percentage than PHS-I grains and got severely moldy during germination test. In laboratory experiment, morphological changes and re-germination ability of seeds which dried after germination by soaking were tested. Sprouted seeds of 3mm shoot length showed half discolored endosperm and had a strong resemblance with PHS-II grains. Re-germination percentage of 3mm sprouted seeds sharply decreased than 2 mm sprouted seeds. Sprouted seeds which were treated for accelerated-aging (AA) for 24hr at $45^{\circ}C$ were significantly reduced in re-germination percentage compared to that of non-AA-treated sprouted seeds. These results indicate that PHS with over 3mm shoot length can severely damage not only grain appearance but also seed viability, germination percentage and seedling emergence rate. Therefore, we conclude that larger difference of germination percentage or seedling emergence rate between seed lots having smaller difference of PHS percentage might be caused by accelerated seed deterioration in PHS-damaged rice grains.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.350-355
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• 1986

Sixteen Korean leading barley varieties were tested on the sixtieth day after harvest, in order to investigate differences for germinative traits related, and on the eightieth day to test optimum water level for germination test. The germinative energy(GE) and capacity(GC) in the 4.5cc water level were the highest individually. Varietal variations among GE, GC, promptness index(PI) and water sensitivity(WS) were highly significant in storage conditions and water levels. Correlation coefficient estimated were positive among GE, GC, PI, but negative between these traits and WS. Also the varietal difference of WS gets higher with the following order of malting barley<naked barley<covered barley. Heritabilities of broad sense for GE, GC, PI and WS were high, therefore, these traits could be considered in malting barley breeding.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2020

희귀식물(LC)인 낙지다리(Penthorum chinense Pursh.)는 '수택란', '차근채'로 불리며 약용으로 사용되어 왔으나, 최근 하천개수 및 습지매립 등으로 자생지가 파괴되어 개체수가 급감하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 낙지다리의 종 보존 및 활용을 위하여 종자의 최적발아조건을 확인하고자 수행하였다. 종자는 2017년 국립백두대간수목원에서 수집되어 연구에 사용되기 전까지 건조 상태(15℃, 15% RH)로 시드뱅크(-20℃, 40% RH)에 저장하고 있었다. 종자의 최적발아조건을 확인하기 위하여, 항온과 변온 66조건에서 발아율과 최종발아율의 50%가 발아하는데 소요되는 일 수(T₅₀)를 조사하였으며, 생리적 휴면 타파를 위해서 GA₃(20~1000 mg·L^-1) 처리 후 발아율과 T₅₀을 조사하였다. 그리고 GA₃ 처리에 따른 유묘 생장에 대한 GA₃의 영향을 확인하기 위하여 종자 치상 30일 후 유근·아 생장에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 낙지다리 종자는 항온보다 변온에서 발아율 증가와 T₅₀ 감소를 보였다. 특히 낮/밤의 온도 차가 11~25℃일 때, 85%이상의 발아율을 보였고, 그 이상의 온도차이가 나면 발아율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. T₅₀은 온도차가 증가할수록 감소하여, 발아가 균일하며 빨라지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 GA₃ 처리시 생리적 휴면 타파가 진행되어 발아율(79.8%~100%)과 발아속도가 증가(T₅₀ 감소)함을 확인하였으나, GA₃ 100mg·L^-1 이상의 농도에서는 무처리(21.2m)에 비하여 유근의 길이 생장을 0.11~6.88mm로 지연시켰다.