• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.258-261
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• 1991

In order to establish the optimum drying temperature of the heated air blast-grain circulation dryer, a 2 ton scale of paddy was used in this experiment. The temperatures of heated air used were 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 and $70^{\circ}C$. Moisture content of the paddy was reduced to 15% from 24% by drying. The higher air temperature, the shorter drying time and the less fuel consumed. The portion of cracked kernels was found to be low as $3{\sim}10%\;at\;40{\sim}55^{\circ}C$, but was very high to $28{\sim}30%\;at\;60{\sim}70^{\circ}C$. The germination percent was very high as 98 and 93% at 40 and $45^{\circ}C$, but it was decreased to 86 and 30% at 50 and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively. The recovery yield of milled rice from paddy was decreased by 1.76, 2.63 and 7.52% at 60, 65 and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively, compared with 75.86% as drying at $40^{\circ}C$. The higher heated air temperature, the less head rice of milled rice was recovered, and the decreased ratio was increased $60^{\circ}C$. The higher heated air temperature, the less alkali disintergation value and gel consistency of milled rice and the more water up take, expanded vlume, total solid in residual liquid and intensity of starch iodine blue value of residual liquid, and those tendency was found clear from $60^{\circ}C$ temperature of heated air.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.303-319
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• 2014

The study researched germination of the plants and growth of experimented bacteria according to concentration of water extract in order to provide basic data for developing natural agricultural resources by using naturalized plants including Solidago altissima, Amaranthus retroflexus and Sida spinosa. As concentration of water extract increased, most of test plants showed a decrease in relative germinability. Sida spinosa(r=-0.540, p<0.01), Physalis wrightii(r=-0.693, p<0.01), Amaranthus retroflexu(r=-0.724, p<0.01), Solidago altissima(r=-0.728, p<0.01) and Eclipta prostrata(r=-0.779, p<0.01) showed tendency of decrease in relative germinative power in order, respectively. For average germination period, as concentration of the processed group increased, the time for germination increased (r = 0.769, p<0.01) and according to donor plants and test plants, there was a little difference. Also, as concentration of water extract of donor plant, length of above-aerial part(r=-0.587, p<0.01), length of underground part(r=-0.741, p<0.01), fresh weight(r=-0.574, p<0.01) and generation of root hair decreased. An then, for growth of test fungi according to concentration of water extract of donor plants, growths of Botrytis cinerea(r=-0.266, p<0.05), Diaporthe citri(r=-0.323 p<0.01), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(r=-0.512, p<0.01), Pythiumultimum(r=-0.581, p<0.01) and Rhizoctonia solani(r=-0.806, p<0.01) were repressed in order, respectively. For total amount of content of phenol with herbicidal and Antifungal activities, S. altissima $17.3{\pm}0.5mg/g$, A. retroflexus $13.1{\pm}0.3mg/g$, P. wrightii $12.0{\pm}0.4mg/g$, S. spinosa $9.5{\pm}0.1mg/g$ and E. prostrata L. $4.1{\pm}0.1mg/g$ showed in order, respectively. As these results are summarized, donor plants which were naturalized, have competitive advantage because they release phenolic compounds with allelopathic effect and affect on germination, growth and fungi growth on underground flora compared to native plants and they have eligibility for natural herbicide and germicide.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.13
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• pp.49-66
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• 2000

Despite the fact that understanding customers satisfaction with transportation services is a subject of great importance, authors, so far, found no systematic researches referred to that issue. From this point, studying the satisfaction with subways services can be extremely useful. Empirical study of key factors in the satisfaction with subway services is the departure point, which holds as objectives, and we believe, will contribute to overall increasing in the number of subways services used and in the amount of public benefits derived from that usage. In order to achieve these goals: First, several items referred to some key factors in the satisfaction of subway usage were systemized. Second, a research of specific weights attached to those key factors by subway passengers was conducted. Knowledge of the satisfaction variables system can provide deep insights into ones perceptual experience when using a subway. The results were as follows: Various interrelated factors compose a passengers satisfaction with subway services. People do not just use subway passively; a number of key factors, like physical and personal services, exact timing, easiness to access etc. determine the passengers satisfaction with subway. In order to find out specific weights of these key factors multiple regression analysis was employed. Results showed that satisfaction with subway is determined by (in order of importance) easiness to access, quality of physical services, friendliness of working stuff and timing exactness. According to the findings, passengers do not use subway as a simple mean of transportation, rather they perceive it as a complex combination of environmental elements and overall satisfaction depends on these various factors. Therefore, to learn passengers satisfaction with subways services, passengers subway experience must be thoroughly studied and analyzed, and this is where papers value resides.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

This study was carried out to confirm whether the developmental capacity of bovine mature oocytes frozen ultra-rapidly using electron microscopic(EM) grids and EFS30 can be obtained, and whether the cryoprotectants and the freezing method used in this study effect detrimentally to the bovine oocytes by indirect immunocytochemistry. As freezing solution, we used EFS30 which consisted of 30% ethylene glycol, 0.5 M sucrose, 18% ficoll and 10% FBS added in D-PBS. The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows: When the effects of cryoprotectant and freezing procedure on the microtuble, micrfilament and chromatin morphology of oocytes were evaluated using indirect immunocytochemistry, the results of freezing as well as exposure group were not different with that of the control oocytes. When the fertilization abnormality after ultrarapid freezing of bovine mature oocytes was examined by Hoechst staining, the rates of total penetration(96.7, 9.0%), normal two pronuclei formation(74.6, 68.9%) and mean number of sperm / oocyte(1.50, 1.44) were not different between control and freezing group. In addition, when the developmental capacity of frozen-thawed of oocytes(85.5%) was survived, 74.5% of them were cleaved and 31.4% of cleaved embryos were developed to blastocyst. These data were similar to those of the control(76.0%, 34.6%) and exposure(74.5%, 33.0%) except survival rates. Also, when the total cell number of blastocysts produced from the each treatment at day after IVF was examined by hoechst staining, there were not different among groups. There results demonstrate that developmental capacity of frozen-thawed bovine mature oocytes can be successfully obtained by ultra-rapid freezing method using EM grid and EFS30 solution.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.379-385
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• 1983

Forage productivity of Job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) and adlay (C. lachryma-jobi var. mayuen (ROMAN.) STAPF) and a hybrid corn (Kwangog) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Pioneer 988) was compared in the southern part of Korea where black streaked dwarf virus' (BSDV) is prevalent. Emergence of Job's tears and adlay was more delayed compared to a corn or sorghum-sudangrass hybrid under the drought field conditions. Early growth and regrowth of Job's tears and adlay were less than those of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Fresh weight, dry weight, and digestible dry matter of Job's tears and adlay cut once approximately 40 days after flowering were much higher than those of two cuts at every flowering stage. Dry weight of one-cut Job's tears and ad lay harvested 40 days after flowering was similar to the total dry weight of three-cut sorghum-sudangrass hybrid but higher than that of silage corn. Digestible dry matter production was greater in the order of sorghum-sudangrass, corn, one-cut and two-cut Job's tears and adlay. Corn was severely infected with BSDV, but digestible dry matter was relatively high due to its higher in vitro dry matter digestibility. Among the Job's tears and adlay varieties, a variety of Job's tears with globular fruit shape was best for forage production due to its taller plant height, thick stem, wider leaf blades, higher leaf blade/total dry weight ratio, and higher forage yield. However, hulled grain yield of ad lay varieties was higher than that of Job's tears due to a higher hulled/rough grain ratio although they had similar rough grain yields.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 1984

Emergence and early growth of Eleocharis kuroguwai, Potamogeton distinctus, and Sagittaria pygmaea were examined at 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, and $30^{\circ}C$ of soil temperatures using soil temperature gradient bath. Eleocharis kuroguwai emerged at $14^{\circ}C$ or higher temperature and % emergence was increased as soil temperature increased up to $26^{\circ}C$ but decreased at $30^{\circ}C$. Percentage of emergence in Potamogeton distinctus was very low at $10^{\circ}C$ but most of them were emerged at $14^{\circ}C$ or above. Emergence rate was faster as soil temperature increased. Percentage of emergence in Sagittaria pygmaea was increased until 10 days after planting as soil temperature increased but final percentage of emergence was 100% at all temperature. Number of days required for 80% emergence was shortened as soil temperature increased and Eleocharis kuroguwai and Potamogenton distinctus required longer duration to emerge compared to Sagittaria pygmaea. Eleocharis kuroguwai and Potamogeton distinctus required higher accumulated soil temperature for emergence compared to Sagittaria pygmaea. Optimum soil temperature for early growth after emergence of Eleocharis kuroguwai, Potamogeton distinctus, and Sagittaria pygmaea were 26, 18-22, and 18-$26^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1993

Experiments were carried out to investigate the utilization of paraquat and diquat as desiccants for harvest-aid of sesame. When paraquat and diquat were sprayed at 3days or 3hours before cutting of sesame plants, moisture content in treated plots was evenly rapidly decreased and sesame yeild was not significantly different as compared with that in untreated plot. Percentage of germination of sesame seed in treated plots was similar to that in untreated check. Residual amount in sesame seed was not detectable when these chemicals were treated with 250ppm at 3days before cutting of sesame plant. Percentage of thrashing was high in sesame plants treated with paraquat and diauat with the lapse of time after cutting. Required labor in thrashing of sesame was reduced when applied with these chemicals. Harvest efficiency of sesame after spray of paraquat and diquat was good by comparison with the traditional practice.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.328-331
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• 2009

The white flowered 'Eorayeon 2ho' is a cultivar of Lilium ${\times}$ formolonga developed in Department of Horticultural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea. $F_1$ hybrid LA-77 was selected from the cross between a selected selting line($S_3$) of L. longiflorum 'Lorina' and a selfing line($S_3$) of L. ${\times}$ formolonga 'Augusta' in 2000. The $F_1$ hybrid LA-77 was backcrossed by a selected line of L. ${\times}$ far molonga 'Raizan No. 1' from 2001 to 2002. 'MF-No.2' was preliminarily selected for its upward flowering habit and high plant height. The evaluation of characteristics was investigated from 2003 to 2004 in Chuncheon and Yungweol, Kangwon province. 'Eorayeon 2ho' blooms in early July at outside, with high resistance to Botrytis and showing upward flowering habit. The plant height is 132.6 cm and the percentage of seed germination is 95.3%. Mean tepal length and width are 16.0 em and 4.3 cm, respectively. The length and width of leaf is 12.3 and 3.2 cm, respectively. This seed propagating cultivar shows high plant height suitable for a cut flower.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 1988

Several experiments were conducted to investigate the achene viability and growth characteristics of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. No dormancy and no after-ripening requirement were found for E. prostrata achenes. When achenes were stored at room temperature, germination did not decrease with up to 5 months storage. Large differences in loss of viability of E. prostrata achenes occurred when different dehydration methods were used. Immediate dehydration resulted in high viability, but slow dehydration resulted in severe loss of viability. Achene viability at shallow burial depths (5 and 10 cm deep) was lower under upland soil conditions than under lowland soil conditions. Seedling growth was greatly reduced when flooding to a depth of 10 cm occurred at or before the 4-leaf stage. Flooding after the 4-leaf stage stimulated stem elongation. Branching started from the second week and usually terminated at the tenth week. Leaf size was determined by the branch which are related to the assimilate supply. Flowering of E. prostrata started during the fifth week after emergence, and mature achenes were produced from the sixth week. Ten to 14 days were needed for the achenes to mature. About 14,000 achenes were produced on each plant. Achene production per week increased from the sixth week to the tenth week and thereafter it declined. The average number of achenes per inflorescence decreased with delay in flowering.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 1993

The experiment was conducted in 1992 to find out the approach to the development of prediction model of weed population in paddy fields. The weed seeds of 88% over were separated from the soil by using $K_2CO_3$ 50% solution with specific gravity 1.34. The weed seeds which were floated on the solution due to the difference of specific gravity between soil particles and the seeds were effectively withdrawn by using a vaccum pump attached with an aspirator. The seeds withdrawn together with solution were taken by filtering with a nylon net of $0.31{\times}0.16mm$ mesh. The pressing method was more efficient and practical for the viability test of weed seeds separated from the soil compared with the germination test and the TTC test. For the prediction of weed population by the number of weed seedlings emerged at the sampled soil, the sampling method of 0-10cm deep at 5-6 sites per field was applicable. At the prediction method by the number of seedlings emerged, the smaller the seed sizes, the lower the prediction coefficients of weed species. It was considered that the prediction method by the number of seedlings emerged was more practical than the prediction method by the number of seeds separated from sampled soil, in relation to similarities to weed population, time and expenses required for examining, technical difficulties and applicability of weed species.