• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2003

This paper proposes the method to generate new test data using the sample shift of the start frame for SPRT(sequential probability ratio test) in speaker verification. The SPRT method is a effective algorithm that can reduce the test computational complexity. However, in making the decision procedure, SPRT can be executed on the assumption that the input samples are usually to be i.i.d. (Independent and Identically Distributed) samples from a probability density function (pdf), also it's not suitable method to apply for the short utterance. The proposed method can achieve SPRT regardless of the utterance length of the test data because it is method to generate the new test data through the sample shift of start frame. Also, the correlation property of data to be considered in the SPRT method can be effectively removed by employing the principal component analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed method increased the computational complexity of data for sample shift a little, but it has a good performance result more than a conventional method above the average 0.7% in EER (equal error rate).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.470-476
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• 2006

Low-dose rate brachytherapy(LDR) has been effective modality for treatment of oral cancer. But the disadvantage of LDR is radioexposure of medical staff. To overcome this problem, high dose rate(HDR) brachytherapy has been developed. Our study evaluates the outcomes of patients with tongue cancer as treated by HDR brachytherapy. Between 2002 and 2005, eight patients with carcinoma of the tongue were treated with HDR brachytherapy. Five patients had AJCC stage I or II disease and the remaining three patients had AJCC stage III or IV. The male-to-female ratio was 2:6 and the mean age was 60.1 years (range: 21-80 years).The median follow-up time was 23.8 months (range: 7-55 months). There was no local failure until now. Three patients showed some complications. Two patients showed soft tissue necrosis. There was no bone sequela in all cases. Our experience in treating tongue cancer with HDR brachytherapy is encouraging, because it gave a satisfactory local control. Prospective studies are necessary to delineate the optimum indication for this treatment modality and long-term outcome.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.281-286
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• 1985

Small bowel malignancy consists 1~2 % of overall gastrointestinal tract cancer and leiomyosarcomas of small intestine are 10~20% of small bowel malignancy. Small bowel leiomyosarcomas are rare in incidence and have no specific symptoms, signs or definite radiologic findings, so it is not easy to diagnose at early stage of disease. They are found occasionally by unknown origined gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, perforation and palpable mass, and diagnosed mostly by operation. Recently annual case reports are increasing trend in Korea. We experienced two cases of small bowel leiomyosarcoma which was diagnosed finally by pathologic findings, so we report them With literatural review.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.134-142
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• 2016

In this paper, a method synthesizing speech signal using the 40 kHz ultrasonic signals reflected from the articulatory muscles was introduced and performance was evaluated. When the ultrasound signals are radiated to articulating face, the Doppler effects caused by movements of lips, jaw, and chin observed. The signals that have different frequencies from that of the transmitted signals are found in the received signals. These ADS (Acoustic-Doppler Signals) were used for estimating of the speech parameters in this study. Prior to synthesizing speech signal, a quantitative correlation analysis between ADS and speech signals was carried out on each frequency bin. According to the results, the feasibility of the ADS-based speech synthesis was validated. ADS-to-speech transformation was achieved by the joint Gaussian mixture model-based conversion rules. The experimental results from the 5 subjects showed that filter bank energy and LPC (Linear Predictive Coefficient) cepstrum coefficients are the optimal features for ADS, and speech, respectively. In the subjective evaluation where synthesized speech signals were obtained using the excitation sources extracted from original speech signals, it was confirmed that the ADS-to-speech conversion method yielded 72.2 % average recognition rates.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.58-62
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• 2002

The incidence of giant cell tumors represents only 5% to 10% of all bone tumors. Occurrence on the small bones of the hand and foot are very rare. They typically present with pain and sometimes a pathologic fracture or even soft tissue extension. The radiographic appearance is highly characteristic. An eccentric osteolytic lesion is seen, producing cortical thinning and expansion, and possessing a delicate trabecular pattern. In tarsal bones, poorly or well-defined osteolytic lesions of variable size are encountered. Surgical treatment remains the preferred therapy. Marginal or wide en bloc resection has had far better results in term of local recurrence. Several authors have suggested extended curettage and cement as an alternative to en bloc resection. Follow-up is necessary to monitor for both local recurrence and the infrequent pulmonary metastases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.556-560
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• 1999

Background: The cause of spontaneous pneumothorax is not yet but it is certain that intrathoracic air comes from ruptured bulla. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) or open thoracotomy is recommended for thoracic incision in recurrent pneumothorax. However, recurrent rate after bullectomy with the VATS is very high compared to mini-thoracotomy, 3% to 20% and below 2%, respectively. Material and Method: This retrospective analysis was performed on 16 re-operated cases among 446 surgically treated pneumothorax of the 737 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax diagnosed at Yongdong Severance Hospital from Nov. 1992 to June 1997. Result: Among the 446 surgically-treated patients in 737 case of spontaneous pneumothorax, 16 patients underwent re-operation, showing a 3.5% re-operation rate. Male-to-female ratio was 15 to 1 and mean age at initial attack was 20.2 years(ranging from 15 to 50). Mean hospital stay was 6.34 days(ranging from 2 to 20 days) and mean chest tube indwelling period was 4.2 days(ranging from 1-10 days). Median follow-up was 46 months(range 10-66 months). Three different surgical methods were applied : video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VAST) in 281 cases, of whom 2 underwent local anesthesia; subaxillary mini-thoracotomy in 159 cases and limited lateral thoracotomy in the remaining 6 cases. Three different re-operative surgical methods were applied ; video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VAST) in 6 cases, subaxillary mini-thoracotomy in 9 cases, and limited lateral thoracotomy in the remaining 1 case. The underlying etiological factors of the recurrent pneumothorax after bullectomy were o erlooking type(9) and new growing type(7). Mean recurrent period from previous operation was 1 month for overlooking type and 18 months for new growing type. Conclusion: The underlying etiological factors of recurrent pneumothorax lead to re-operation were new-growing and over-looking type. We need additional treatments besides resecting blebs of prevent the recurrence rate and more gentle handling with forceps due to less damage to the pleura.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2009

Purpose: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has variable degree of F-18 FDG avidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between F-18 FDG uptake and pathological or immunohistochemical features of DTC. Materials and Methods: DTC patients who underwent both pre-operative F-18 FDG PET/CT scan and surgery were included in the study. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of primary tumor were calculated. If the primary tumor showed no perceptibly increased F-18 FDG uptake, region of interest was drawn based on finding of a portion of the PET/CT images. Pathological and immunohistochemical markers such as presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis and underlying thyroiditis, tumor size, Ki-67 labeling index, expressions of EGFR, COX-2, and Galectin-3 were evaluated. Results: Total of 106 patients was included (102 papillary carcinomas, 4 follicular carcinomas). The mean SUVmax of the large tumors (above 1 cm) was significantly higher than the mean SUVmax of small (equal to or less than 1 cm) ones ($7.8{\pm}8.5$ vs. $3.6{\pm}3.1$, p=0.004). No significant difference in F-18 FDG uptake was found according to the presence or absence of LN metastasis and underlying thyroiditis, or the degree of Ki-67 labeling index, expression of EGFR, COX- 2 and Galectin-3. Conclusion: In conclusion, the degree of F-18 FDG uptake in DTC was associated with the size of primary tumor. But there seem to be no relationship between F-18 FDG uptake of DTC and expression of Ki-67, EGFR, COX-2 and Galectin-3.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 1996

Purpose : Respiratory symptoms related with malignant airway disease have been the main causes of lowered qualify of life and also sometimes may be life-threatening if not properly managed. The authors report the short-term experiences of endobronchial brachytherapy for symptomatic malignant airway obstruction using high dose rate after-loading brachytherapy unit. Materials and Methdos : Twenty-five Patients with symptomatic malignant airway obstruction were treated with endobronchial brachytherapy between the period of December 1994 and March 1996 at Department of Radiation Oncology of Samsung Medical Center Twenty-one ($84\%$) were patients with non-small cell lung cancer, three with tracheal malignancies, and one with recurrence of esophageal cancer. Twenty Patients were given elective external beam radiation therapy, while six were given endobronchial laser evaporation therapy on emergency bases in addition to endobronchial brachytherapy. Three procedures for each patient were planned and total of 70 procedures were completed. Results : Improvement rates of major respiratory symptoms after endobronchial brachytherapy procedures were $88\%$(22/25). $96\%$(22/23), $100\%$ (15/15), and $100\%$(9/9) for cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis and obstructive pneumonia, respectively. ECOG performance scores were improved in $56\%$ of total patients group, while there was no case with worsened ECOG score. Fifteen patients died and the median interval from the start of treatment to death was 4 months (range: $1\~17$ months), while that of ten survivors was 9 months (range $5\~19$ months). There were five patients with controlled intrathoracic disease, who have survived over one rear. All deaths were associated with uncontrolled local and/or distant disease. Four Patients died of massive fatal hemoptysis, three of who received emergency endobronchial laser evaporation therapy before the start of endobronchial brachytherapy. Conclusion : Endobronchial brachytherapy has been confirmed as an excellent palliative treatment modality improving respiratory symptoms as well as patients' general performance status. Based on the current observations, use of endobronchial brachytherapy in curative setting as a boost technique may be warranted.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.410-419
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• 1996

Background : Spontaneous pneumothorax have been managed with a variety of methods. The technique most frequently used is chest tube drainage. Small caliber catheters were first used in the management of pneumothorax complicating the percutaneous needle aspiration lung biopsy, and the try to treat spontaneous pneumothorax also has been reported. However, the value of small caliber catheters in spontaneous pneumothorax has not been fully evaluated. So, we tried to elucidate the efficacy of 8 French catheter in the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. Method : From January, 1990, to April, 1994, 44 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax treated at Chung-Ang university hospital were reviewed. The patients were sub-divide into 8 French catheter insertion group (n=21) and chest tube insertion group (n=23). We compared the presence of underlying lung disease, the extent of the collapse, the duration of indwelling catheter and complication between two groups. Results : 1) The duration of indwelling showed no significant difference between 8 French catheter group and chest tube. But, complication after insertion as subcutaneous emphysema was developed in only chest tube group. (p<0.05) 2) In the primary spontaneous pneumothorax, all case of the pneumothorax of which size was less than 50% showed complete healing with 8 French catheter insertion. Whereas the success rate in patients with large pneumothorax (more than 50%) was tended to be dependent on the age. 3) In the patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax who were managed with 8 French catheter, the success rate was trended to be high if the underlying disease of pneumothorax was not COPD and if the patient was young. Conclusion : These results show that 8 French catheter insertion probably was effective in the pneumothorax less than 50%, the primary spontaneous pneumothorax, young age or secondary pneumothorax not associated with COPD.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 1997

This study was carried out to increase the rate of plant regeneration from embryogenic callus of A. keiskei on MS medium supplemented with ethylene inhibitors. When leaflet, petiolule, and petiole of A. keiskei were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D, callus was well induced from leaflet segments at 2.0 ppm 2, 4-D. Shoot elongation of plantlets and shooting from embryogenic callus of A. keiskei were best on 2, 4-D-free medium supplemented with 2 ppm $AgNO_3$ or 10 ppm $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, but it was suppressed on the medium containing 1 ppm 2, 4-D with $AgNO_3$ or $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$. Root elongation of plantlets from embryogenic callus was best on 2, 4-D-free medium supplemented with 1 ppm $AgNO_3$ or 5 ppm $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, but rooting from embryogenic callus was none on the medium containing 1 ppm 2, 4-D with $AgNO_3$ or $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$. Fresh weight of plantlets from embryogenic callus was heaviest on 2, 4-D-free medium supplemented with 2 ppm of $AgNO_3$ or $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$, while it was heaviest on the medium containing 1 ppm 2, 4-D with 1 ppm $AgNO_3$ or 2 ppm $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$.