• Title/Summary/Keyword: 발생생태

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Trophic State and Water Quality in Major Lakes of the Sumjin and Youngsan River Systems (섬진강 ${\cdot}$ 영산강 수계 주요 호소의 수질 동향과 영양상태 조사)

  • Yi, Sang-Hyon;Chang, Nam-Ik;Kim, Jong-Min;Kim, Hyun-Ku;Cho, Young-Gwan;Jeong, Jin;Sin, Yong-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.39 no.3 s.117
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    • pp.296-309
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    • 2006
  • This study aimed to analyze water quality (temperature, secchi depth, DO, $NH_4$, $NO_3$, $PO_4$, TN, TP, chlorophyll a) and trophic state index during the period of year 2000 ${\sim}$ 2004 in Lake Juam, Lake Dongbok and Lake Youngsan. Lakes Juam and Dongbok except Lake Youngsan were stratified during warm seasons. Water turbidity estimated by secchi disk depth was the highest in Lake Youngsan compared with other lakes. DO concentrations were low in the bottom water when chlorophyll a was high in Lake Juam and Dongbok. Nutrient concentrations were higher in Lake Youngsan than other lakes whereas chlorophyll a was highest in Lake Dongbok. Lake Youngsan was the most eutrophic compared to other two lakes based on the Trophic State Idex (TP) and TSI (SD), The TSI (CHL) was high but the TSI (TP) were low in Lake Juam and Dongbok. These results suggest phytoplankton may be limited by phosphates (P) in Lake Juam and Dongbok whereas light availability in the water column may affect growth of phytoplankton in Lake Youngsan.

A Suitability Analysis of the Factory Development Location using the Green Development Suitability Map (친환경 개발 적지도를 이용한 공장개발 입지의 적합성 분석)

  • Um, Dae-Yong;Lee, Jung-Kuen
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.265-274
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    • 2011
  • In this study, we tried to analyze the suitability of factory development location in environmental aspects using the Green Development Suitability Map(GDSMap) which was created by GIS analysis about the optimal location of development projects. For this, it was evaluated a influence of various environmental factors that were caused by developments by setting the legislative, environmental and ecological assessment items. In addition, we made the GDSMap by reflecting the characteristics of region & development project overall. And, it were compared a location distribution on the GDSMap & NEZMap(National Environmental Zoning Map) to analyze a suitability of factory development location about the 39 factories located in study area. Results of analysis, the factory locations of about 23% of total development projects were confirmed that it was performed in development restrictions area on the NEZMap which was utilized current in selecting the location of development projects. And the factory locations of about 31% of total development projects could confirm that it was performed in development restrictions area on the GDSMap which was made in this study. Therefore, it was judged that it must be determined the development location by considering the characteristics of development projects & that region when selecting the location of various development projects.

Correlations Between Concentrations of Negative Ions and Forest Type, and Site Factors at National Forests in Yangyang-gun (양양군 국유림 지역의 음이온 농도와 임상, 숲 관련인자와의 상관)

  • Um, Tae-Won;Kim, Gab-Tae
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.539-546
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    • 2010
  • To investigate the variation of anion concentrations in relation to forest type, forest-related factors, forest survey and anion concentrations measurement were carried out on the 52 quadrats located at the national forest areas in Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do. The relationship between anion concentrations and forest-related factors were correlated. Total mean of anion concentration was 2,405 ea/$cm^3$, which was slightly higher than general figures 2,000ea/$cm^3$. Highly significant positive correlations were observed between anion concentrations and soil moisture contents, and also between anion concentrations and altitude. Significant positive correlations were observed between anion concentrations and topography. Anion concentrations were significantly different among soil moisture levels. Mean anion concentration were highest at 4,524.4ea/$cm^3$ in on wet sites, and followed slightly wet sites and moderate sites. Mean anion concentrations was highest on valley sites at 3,372.4ea/$cm^3$, followed by slope and ridge areas. Mean anion concentrations measured before noon was highest at 3,133.4ea/$cm^3$, and measurements during 12:00~15:00 and after 15:00, showed relatively low anion concentrations. Mean anion concentrations was highest at mixed deciduous forests at 3,503.9ea/$cm^3$, followed by oak forests, pine forests, and pine-oak forests. Results of this study are expected to be used in planning therapeutic forests.

Treatment of dyeing wastewater using Moving Bed Bioractor (부유메디아 생물막 공정을 이용한 염색폐수처리)

  • Shin, Dong-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Hun;Ryu, Seung-Han;Park, Jun-Hyung;Jo, Seog-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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    • 2011.03a
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    • pp.110-110
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    • 2011
  • 염색공업 폐수는 그 성분이 일반적으로 매우 복잡하며, 작업공정의 가동 사항에 따라 수질 변동이 큰것이 특징으로, 각 공정에서 배출되는 염료, 보조화학물질, PVA(Polyvinyl alchol), 전분, wax 등이 포함되어 있으며 pH가 높고, 색도로 인해 하천에 방류될 경우 확산성이 높아 미생물에 의한 자정작용을 방해하여 하천의 수중생태계를 파괴할 우려가 있다. 이러한 염색산업에서 발생하는 폐수는 일반적으로 응집침전, 부상분리법 등의 전처리한 후 활성오니공정으로 처리하는 방법이 널리 이용되고 있으나, 이들 처리공정으로는 폐수 속에 포함되어 있는 다양한화학적 구조의 색소성분 및 유해물질을 완벽하게 제거하는 것이 어려운 실정이다. 유기물 함량이 높은 염색폐수를 처리하기 위해 제안된 기술로는 산소활성슬러지법, 유동상 및 고정상 생물막법, 포괄고정화법 등이 있다. 이러한 기술들중 기존의 처리공정을 증축없이도 처리효율을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 담체를 이용한 부유메디아 생물막공정(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)이 있다. 이공정은 미생물이 부착, 성장할 수 있는 공극율과 비표면적이 큰 담체를 이용하므로 반응조내의 부유 미생물 뿐만 아니라 담체에 고농도로 부착된 부착 미생물에 의해서도 유기물을 제거하기 때문에 다른 공정들에 비해 처리효율이 뛰어나고 기존의 활성슬러지 공정에 비해 갑작스러운 부하변동 및 유독성 폐수유입에 대해서도 안정적으로 운전이 가능한 장점이 있다. 본연구에서는 부유메디아 생물반응기(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)을 이용하여 염색폐수내 $COD_{Mn}$, 색도 및 난분해성 물질인 PVA 저감에 대한 Lab-scale test 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 염색폐수의 수질은 평균 pH 13, $COD_{Mn}$ 900 mg/L, SS 135 mg/L, 색도 1,134 [C.U.], PVA 593 mg/L였으며, 2L의 반응기를 사용하여 회분식 실험을 수행였다. 본 실험에서는 호기성 미생물에 의한 염색폐수의 생분해가 유지되는데 필요한 최적의 용존산소 농도와 이에 필요한 공기 폭기량을 결정하기 위하여 i) DO uptake rate측정과 ii) 담체의 충진율, iii) COD/N ratio, iv) Air 유량, v) 담체내 흡착제의 종류, vi) $Ca^{2+}$ 첨가가 염색폐수의 생분해에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 운전시간을 7일로 하여 COD, 색도, PVA 등을 측정한 결과 담체를 첨가한 경우가 담체를 첨가하지 않은 경우 보다 제거효율이 뛰어났다. 특히 충진율 30%(C/N 3)의 경우에서 COD, 색도, PVA의 제거율이 각각 평균 65%, 70%, 60%로 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다.

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A fishway information system of the east coast at Kangwondo (강원도 동해안 지역의 어도 정보시스템 구축)

  • 이창수;최상수;박상덕;박기영
    • Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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    • 1997.10a
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    • pp.21-24
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    • 1997
  • 강원도 동해안 지역 하천은 유로연장과 유역면적이 작고 하천 상류부는 급경사이며 하류부는 완경사의 특징을 보여주고 있다. 이 지역 대부분의 하천이 바다로 직접 유입되고 있어 바다와 하천을 옮겨 다니는 회유성 어류가 서식하고 있으며 이들은 소하성, 강하성 및 양측성 어류로 구분된다. 이러한 회유성 어류의 이동은 동해안 지역 하천 하류부 완경사지에서 농업용수를 취수하기 위한 보의 설치로 인하여 어려워졌으며, 이러한 문제에 대처하기 위하여 수산자원 보호령(대통령령 제 5027호) 제 21조에서 어도설치를 규정하고 있다. 강원도 동해안 지역 하천에 설치되어 있는 어도의 실태를 보면 총 19개 하천에 있는 83개소의 농업용 취수보에 약 130개의 어도가 있다. 기존에 설치되어 있는 전어도에 대한 현장조사결과 어도의 기능에 장애를 일으킬 만한 원인은 어도시설의 구조적인 문제와 관리문제로 대별할 수 있다. 본 연구는 어도의 기능이 원활하게 유지되도록 어도시설물에 대한 각종 자료를 체계적으로 집적한 어도정보시스템을 구축하여 어도시설에 대한 현황파악을 용이하게 하고, 지방자치단체에서 개별적으로 수행하던 어도관리를 통합관리할수 있게 하며, 어도시설 표준모형 설계의 기초자료 및 하천 정보, 어류생태정보와 연결된 정보시스템으로의 확장을 가능하게 한다. 본 어도 정보시스템은 기본적으로 인터넷상에서 서비스가 이루어진다. 사용자는 웹 브라우저를 이용하여 어도 정보시스템이 탑재된 웹 서버에 접속하여 서비스를 요청한다. 사용자의 요청을 받은 웹 서버는 게시판과 DBMS를 제어하여 그 결과를 사용자에게 건네준다. 사용된 기술은 ISAPI 규격의 확장인 IDC, HTX이다. 관리자와 사용자의 입력, 수정, 검색, 삭제등에 관한 읽고 쓰기 권한을 구분한다.이 경과함에 따라 소멸하며 약산성에서 높은 생성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다, 강별로는 낙동강에서 THMs파 HANs의 생성능이 비교적 높았고, 영산강에서는 HAAs의 생성능이 높았다. 각 원수의 특성에 따른 생성능을 파악함으로써 생성능 저감방안을 마련하며, 소독 부산물질의 인체노출평가에 따른 위해성평가를 통해 관리기준을 설정해야 할 것이다.는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 한국 문화의 특징이라 할 수 있는 교수-학생간의 인간적인 관계가 중시되는 교육환경하에서, 정보화 사회의 한 수업형태인 재택수업을 외국(특히 미국)의 방법을 그대로 따라 실시할 경우, 많은 부작용이 있을 수 있다는 것을 암시하며, 따라서 우리 교육문화에 맞는 재택수업 형태의 개발이 시급함을 제시한다고 하겠다.column density of HCaN is (1-3):n1014cm-2. Column density at distant position from MD5 is larger than that in the (:entral region. We have deduced that this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.로 이루어 져야 할 것이다.태를 보다 효율적으로 증진시킬 수 있는 대안이 마련되어져야 한다고 사료된다.$\ulco

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The Variation of Water Temperature and Turbidity of Stream Flows entering Imha Reservoir (임하호 유입지천의 수온과 탁도 변화)

  • Kim, Woo-Gu;Jung, Kwan-Soo;Yi, Yong-Kon
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.39 no.1 s.115
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 2006
  • The changing patterns of water temperature and turbidity in streams entering Imha Reservoir were studied. The turbidity variation near the intake tower in Imha Reservoir was investigated in relation with the variation of water temperature and turbidity in streams. Water temperature was estimated using multi-regression method with air temperature and dew point as independent variables. Peak turbidity was also estimated using non-linear regression method with rainfall intensity as an independent variable. Although more independent variables representing watershed characteristics seem to be needed to increase estimation accuracies, the methodology used in this study can be applied to estimate water temperature and peak turbidity in other streams.

Ecotoxicological Study of Gammarus sobaegensis by pH Depression in Artificial Channels - Drift behavior - (인공수로에서 산성화 영향에 따른 소백옆새우(Gammarus sobaegensis)의 생태독성학적 연구 - 표류행동을 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Jung-Ho;Cho, Dong-Hyun;Jung, Geun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.153-161
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to examine the drift of Gammarus sobaegensis by acid stress as pH depression in Oweol creek from April 1996 to October 1996. The behavioral drifting was revealed to the characteristics of G. sobaegensis that is tend to increase as acid stress. And, tolerance level of G. sobaegensis to pH depression was different among the size classes. Individuals belong to small to medium size classes were weak in lower pH. Pattern of response in G. sobaegensis has a lower tolerance to acid stress at below pH 4.0 than above pH 5.0 in the artificial channel and show the possibility as an effective aquatic ecotoxicity test organism. The result of analysis of variance, water temperature (F-ratio : 66.596, p< 0.0005) and the size classes (F-ratio : 71.386, p< 0.0005) except pH level (F-ratio : 353.415, p<0.0005) were showed to the major factor for drift behavior by acid depression. [Gammarus, pH, Drift, Acid stress, Ecotoxicity test].

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Characteristics of Tamarix chinensis Population in Shiwha Lake (시화호 내 위성류(Tamarix chinensis) 개체군의 특성)

  • Min, Byeong-Mee;Yi, Dong-Hoon;Lee, Hye-Won;Choi, Jong-In
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.327-333
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    • 2005
  • For the first time in Korea, plant size, distribution pattern and root growth form of Tamarix chinensis were surveyed at natural stand in Shiwha Lake, from June to July in 2005. T, chinensis grew in the range of 350 m towards north-south and 270 m in east-west direction. The mean number of stems germinated from same root system was 1.9. On the stem base, the numbers of living and dead plants were 1,398 and 114, respectively. Mean perimeter and height of 1,398 plants were $5.9{\pm}3.2$ cm and $159{\pm}51$ cm, respectively. By dividing into 10 classes based on the perimeter size, the largest number of plants were included in the second smallest class category. However, by dividing into 10 classes on the bases of plant height, variation in the number of plants along the height showed normal distribution curve. The heights of dead plants were small in perimeter but diverse in height. On the root base, the number of plants was the greatest in the smallest size class, and conspicuously decreased with size increment. Distribution of T. chinensis was clumped pattern. Age of the largest plant was 8-year. T. chinensis had two types of root growth. One was horizontal growth in the periphery of soil surface, and the other vertical growth.

Simulation of Mixing Transport on Inner Reservoir and Influence Impacts on Outer Region for the Saemankeum Effluents Caused by Gate Operation (새만금호 수문 개방에 따른 내측의 혼합수송 및 외해역의 방류영향모의)

  • Suh Seung-Won;Cho Wan-Hei;Yoo Gyeong-Seon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2006
  • Numerical model tests are done in order to evaluate impact zone of low salinity water on outer region of the developing Saemankeum reservoir. Also saline mixing processes are investigated f3r the inner reservoir with consideration of Mankyoung and Donjin riverine flood discharges when sea water is passing freely through gate. In these analyses 2-d ADCIRC, 3-d TIDED3D and CE-QUAL-ICM models are used. Through models tests, it is found that inner reservoir mixing process caused by inflow of outer sea water occurs gradually. It takes at least one month for complete mixing on Mankyoung part and 6 month on Dongjin part of the reservoir. When Sinsi or Garyeok gates are opened to control inner reservoir level, discharging velocities decrease exponentially from the gates, but show very strong currents of 0.5m/sec to the 10Km region apart. These results imply that hydrodynamic circulation and ecosystem of frontal region of the Saemankeum dike might be affected in amount by gate operations, since low saline inner waters are discharged periodically at ebb tide according to tidal level.

Improvement of Procedures for Reasonable Implementation of TMDL (수질오염총량관리제의 합리적인 시행을 위한 시행절차 개선방안)

  • Kim, Young-Il;Yi, Sang-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.33 no.8
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    • pp.617-622
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    • 2011
  • The policy of total maximum daily load (TMDL) was introduced to manage wasteload within the loading capacity to achieve water quality standards in the watershed. While the TMDL was implemented, the institutional and technical correction for the improvement of procedure was accomplished even though there were various problems and basically through the process of trial & error. However, a fundamental improvement of this policy is needed to implement the TMDL. This study has come up with a new viewpoint on improving this procedure for reasonable implementation of TMDL. First of all, the water quality and flowrate monitoring of the tributaries should be implemented. This should be done through the establishment of a monitoring system which will include standards of scope, a set time period, water quality parameters and frequency follow ups for the implementation of TMDL. The basic plan in all of the watersheds should be developed based on the establishment of water quality parameters and standards for water use and ecological purposes according to the results of the water quality and flowrate monitoring in the watersheds. The implementation plan for water quality improvement should be established in the watersheds where exceeds the targeted water quality standards. The performance assessment of TMDL should be conducted every year to meet the satisfaction assessment of water quality standards in the watersheds. Finally, if the water quality standards in the watersheds can not be attained or the water quality parameters and standards should be changed, the implementation procedure will be performed according to the iterative process. On the contrary, the policy of TMDL in the watersheds where the water quality standards have been met the goal will be finished.